12009 ckESpf/ atmufwd kbmv (31) &uf?
trSwfpOf(104)= EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk;v$wfay;a&;/
= jynfolŒv$wfawmfac:,lay;a&;/
= zG JŒpnf;yH ktajccHOya' jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;aumfrwDzG JŒpnf;a&;/
= awGŒqHkaqG;aEG;a&;/
pmapmifpmapmifpmapmifpmapmifpmapmif
wpfv ESpf}udrfxkwfa0onf?
trsKd;om;'Drd kua&pDtzG JŒcsKyf(vGwfajrmufe,fajr) rSxkwfa0jzef ‹csdonf?
32tm%m±l;ppftpdk;&. &ufpuf,kwfrmr+rsm;tm; &J0HhpGmazmfxkwf-u?tm%m±l;ppftpdk;&. &ufpuf,kwfrmr+rsm;tm; &J0H hpG mazmfxkwf-u?
tm%m±l;ppftpdk;&. &ufpuf,kwfrmr+rsm;tm; &J0HhpGmazmfxkwf-u?tm%m±l;ppftpdk;&. &ufpuf,kwfrmr+rsm;tm; &J0H hpG mazmfxkwf-u?
tm%m±l;ppftpdk;&. &ufpuf,kwfrmr+rsm;tm; &J0H hpGmazmfxkwf-u?
w&m;yG J+yD;qH k;onfESif houfqd kif&mod k @yd k @ay;&ef/
w&m;em=um;oly&dowf(100) OD;xufryd k&ef/
w&m;a[mpifjrifhudk ,mOfwpD;oGm;om¶Hktus,fv$wfI aqmufvkyf&efponf htcsuf
rsm;yg0ifygw,f??w&m;yG Jusif;y&ufóudwifcGif hðyrdef @
awmif;cHr_ud k2007 pufwifbm a&$0ga&mif
awmfvSefa&;+yD;pOfuyifoufqd kif&mu ESpfpOf
cGif hðy+rJjzpfaomfvnf; ,ckuJ hod k @ uef @owfvm
jcif;onfvmrnf hEd k0ifbm/ 'DZifbmvwk d @wGif
Ed kifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rJqG,fpnf;¶H k;=urnf[kowif;
rsm;xGuf&d Saejcif;a=umif hjzpfEd kifonf[kjynfol
rsm;u ajymqd kae=uygw,f?
Ñ Ñ ÑjrefrmEd kifiHtay:xm;&S dwJ htar&duef
Ed kifiH&JΠrl0g'ud kjyef+yD;oH k;oyf+yD;wJ haemufrSm
jrefrm ppftpdk;&eJ @ xdawG @qufqHoGm;r,fh
ay:vpDtajymif;tvJ&JΠwpdwfwyd kif; tjzpfeJ @
tar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme ta&SŒtm&SeJ@ ypdzdwfa'oqdkif&m vufaxmufEk difiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; umh(wf) urfbJvf
(KurtCampbell)
eJ @ 'kwd, vufaxmufEd kifiHjcm;a&;
0ef}uD; paumhrm&S Jvf
(Scot Merciel)
wd k @[mEd k0ifbmv (3)&ufeJ @ (4) &ufae@awGrSm jrefrm
Ed kifiHuk d oGm;a&mufr,fvdk @ tar&duefEk difiH
jcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xmeuae xkwfazmfajymqdkvk dufygw,f?
'Dvk doGm;a&mufwJ htcgrSm jrefrmppf
tpd k;& acgif;aqmifyd kif;tjyifjrefrmh'Drd kua&pD
acgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pk=unftygt0if
wdkif;&if;om;tzG J@tpnf; acgif;aqmifawGeJ @
vnf; awG @qH kcGif h&a&;[m odyfta&;}uD;w,f
vd k @ ajymygw,f? jrefrmEd kifiHqd kif&m tar&duef
&JΠrl0g'rSm pD;yGm;a&; ydwfqd k @ta&;,lr_awGud k
qufvufxm;&S drSmjzpfayr,f hjrefrmppfacgif;
tar&duefEd kifiHjcm;a&; xdyfwef;t&m&S dESpfOD; jrefrmEd kifiHud k(2) &uf-umc&D; Ed k0ifbmv
(3) &ufaeΠpwifrnf
VOA, Oct 31,2009
aqmifawGeJ @ awG @qH kqufqHr_awGpvkyfr,fvd k @
r=umao;cifurStar&dueftpd k;&u ajymif;
vJcsrSwfcJ hygw,f? tckvk d ajymif;vJcJh+yD;wJ h
aemufrSm tar&duefEk difiHjcm;a&; 0ef}uD;Xme
u t}uD;wef; ud k,fpm;vS,fESpfOD;ud kjrefrmEk difiH
ud kapv$wfzd k @&S dw,fvd k @ Ek difiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme
vufaxmufajymcGif h& a&mbwf0k('f)
(RobertWood)
u ajymygw,f?tar&duefvufaxmufEd kifiHjcm;
a&;0ef}uD;umh(wf)urfbJvf[m tar&duef
Ed kifiHu jrefrmEk difiHqd kif&m rl0g' ajymif;vJusif h
oHk;r,fvkd @ ajym=um;vd kuf+yD; r=umcifrSmyJ
jrefrmody` HeJ @ enf;ynm0ef}uD; OD;aomif;tyg
t0ifjrefrmppfacgif;aqmifawG&JΠud k,fpm;
vS,ftzGJ @0ifawGeJ @ awG @qH kaqG;aEG;cJhygw,f?
'ghtjyif atmufwk dbmvv,frSm atmuf
v$wfawmfEd kifiHjcm;a&;&m aumfrwDa&SŒarSmuf
jrefrmEk difiH=um;emyG JrSm jrefrmEd kifiH&JΠtajc
taerSefud kod&atmifud k,fwd kifoGm;a&mufzd k @
qEN&S dw,fvd k @ xkwfazmfajym=um;cJ hygw,fcif
Asm? Ñ Ñ Ñ
2
tmZmenfyk*d ~Kvfwd kŒ. vkyfief;ud kqH k;cef;wd kifqufvufI aqmif&Guf&rnf?
trsKd;om;'Drd kua&pDtzG J @csKyf
trSwf(97§c)/ taemufa&$*k Hwk difvrf;
A[ef;òrd @e,f/ &efukefòrd @?
2009 ckESpf/ atmufwd kbmv (22)&uf
1371 ckESpf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqef; (5)&uf
txl;a=ujimcsuftrSwf- 7§ 10 § 09txl;a=ujimcsuftrSwf- 7§ 10 § 09txl;a=ujimcsuftrSwf- 7§ 10 § 09txl;a=ujimcsuftrSwf- 7§ 10 § 09txl;a=ujimcsuftrSwf- 7§ 10 § 091? trsKd;om;'Drd kua&pDtzG J @csKyfonfzG J @pnf;pOfumvrSpwifI tzG J @csKyfnDvmcHac:,l
a&;ud kóud;yrf;cJ haomfvnf; trsKd;rsKd;aom tcuftcJrsm;/ zdES dyfr_rsm;t=um;Y ac:,lusif;yEd kifjcif;
r&d ScJ hyg? òrdŒe,f/ jynfe,f§wk dif; pnf;±k H;a&;tzG J @rsm;rSnDvmcHud k,fpm;vS,frsm;ud krnfod k @r# a&G;cs,f
Ed kifonf htajctaeray;yg? ,cktcsdefwGifvnf; XmecsKyf±k H;cef;rSwpfyg; tjcm;tqif hqif haom
tzG J @csKyf±k H;cef;rsm; wm;qD;ydwfyifjcif; cHae=uonf htjyifpnf;±k H;a&;tzG J @vkyfief;rsm;ud kvnf;
xda&mufpGm raqmif&GufEd kifjcif;/ OD;wifOD;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfwd k @ vGwfvyfpGmvkyfyd kifcGif hr&d Sao;
onf htjyif/ ‚if;wd k @ud k,fwd kifwufa&mufEd kifjcif;r&d Sonf htwGufEd kifiHvk H;qd kif&m nDvmcHwpf&yfud k
ac:,lusif;yEd kifaom taetxm;wGifr&d Syg? od k @jzpfvif hupm; tzG J @csKyf. ta&;w}uD;vkyfief;rsm;
ud ktzG J @csKyfacgif;aqmiftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unfonfwm;qD;cHae&onf h
=um;rSvnf;aumif; tzG J @csKyfA[d ktvkyftr_aqmiftzG J @taejzif htqufrjywfawG @qk Hwk difyif
aqG;aEG;vsufvnf;aumif; óud;yrf;aqmif&Gufvsuf&d S=uygonf?
2? A[d ktvkyftr_aqmiftzG J @onfA[d ktvkyftr_aqmiftzG J @wd k;csJŒa&;ESif hA[d kOD;pD;tzG J @
jyefvnfzG J @pnf;a&;onfaqmif&Guf&efvk dtyfaea=umif; od&d S+yD;jzpfygonf? od k @jzpfI tqd kygudpPud k/
(u)taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk=unfESif hA[d ktvkyftr_aqmif
tzG J @wd k @ awG @qk HcGif h&onf htcgwGifnd ‡E_ dif;wk difyifI qk H;jzwfrnf[kvnf;aumif;/
(c)xd kod k @r[kwfygu Ed kifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;Oya'ud koufqd kif&mrS
xkwfjyefa=unmonf htcgwGifvk dtyfovd k!d ‡Ed _if;qkH;jzwfaqmif&Gufrnf[kvnf;aumif;/
A[d ktvkyftr_aqmiftzG J @u qk H;jzwf+yD; jzpfygonf?
31tusOf;uscHwdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;v$wf?tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;v$wf?
tusOf;uscHwdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;v$wf?tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;v$wf?
tusOf;uscH wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; csufcsif;v$wf?
qENbmjzpfvd k @'Dvd ktckrSjzpfovJqd kwm ol
ajymw,f? 'gyJ? 'Dtay:rSm bmrSaxGaxGxl;
xl;rajymbl;? usaemfajymaewJ h =um;aewJh
[mud kusaemfajymjyw,f? 'DudpPa':pkoabm
wlvm;vd k @ wa,mufu usaemf hud kar;w,f?
ar;awmhusaemfu ol @ud kajymw,f? a':pku
pDtD;pD&JΠvkyfief;awGud kvkyfomvkyfyg? tJ'D
vkyfwJ hvkyfief; a&SŒa&mufae&ifumay;r,f?
aemufa&mufae&ifwGef;ay;r,f? 'g a':pku
ajymwm? tJawmh'Dpum;t& 'D[mud ka':pk
oabmwlovm;qd kwm jy\emray:bl;vd k @
usaemf'Dvd kajzw,fvdk @ ajymw,f? 'Dvd kajz
wmud ka':pkoabmwlw,f”[kajymjyoGm;yg
w,f? Ñ Ñ Ñ
&ef
ukefòrdŒwGif;Y q&mawmfoHCm
awmfrsm;. w&m;yG Jud k&uf&Snfusif;ycGif hray;
awmhbJ (3)&ufom cGif hðyrnfjzpf+yD; "rRm¶H k/
bkef;}uD;ausmif;wk d @rSty ,mOfoGm;vrf;/ vl
oGm;vrf;rsm;ay:Y vH k;0cGif hrðya=umif; wd kif;
at;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf zGH@òzd;a&;aumifpD(w,u)u ,ckvukefyd kif;wGif!$ef=um;csuf
xkwfvd kufw,fvd k @ od&ygw,f?
w&m;yG Jusif;y&ufud k(5) &uf/ (7)
&uf/ (9)&ufpojzif htwdtvif; owfrSwf
a=unm+yD;rS,ckuJ hod k @ w&m;0ifxkwfjyefjcif;
r[kwfonf h,if;!$ef=um;csufa=umih fw&m;yG J
jzpfajrmufa&;wm0efcHrsm; pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfae=uygw,f?
“oHCm (5) yg;/ (7) yg; w&m;a[m=um;r,fqd k+yD; tvªaiGawGaumufcHxm;=u
w,f? tck(3)&ufwnf; cGif hðyw,fqd kawmh
aumufcHaiGawGjyefay;&/ pm&if;&Sif;wrf; jyef
xkwf&eJ@ tawmfuoDukefw,f? tuef@towf(3) &ufwnf;rSm 'DoHCmus w&m;yG J
xnf h/ [d koHCmus rxnf heJ @qd kwm b,fvd krS
roifhbl;/ 'ga=umifh'DESpfw&m;yG J zsufvd kuf
oHCmawmfrsm; w&m;yG Jusif;ycGif huefŒowfcH&
NEJ, Oct 30,2009
w,f”[kprf;acsmif;òrdŒe,fw&m;yG Jusif;ya&;
wm0efcHwOD;u ajymygw,f? w&m;yGJjzpfajrmufa&;wm0efcHonfw&m;yG Jusif;ycGif hðy
&efav#mufv$m/ a[m=um;rnf hq&mawmf.
"mwfyk HESif hud k,fa&;&mZ0if/ w&m;yG Jusif;yrnf h
ae&majryH kwd k @yl;wG Jum òrdŒe,foHCr[mem,u
tzG J @od k @ wifjycGif hðyrdef @ awmif;cH&onf? xd krS
wqif hr,u/ &Jpcef;/ c,u tqif hqif hcGif hðy
rdef @&&d S+yD;rSw,u.,ckuJ hod k @ tuef @towf
jzif hcGif hðyjcif;tay: pdwfysufcJ h&a=umif; wmarG
òrdŒe,f&,utzG J @0ifwOD;u ajymjyygw,f?
w&m;yG Jjzpfajrmufa&;wm0efcHonfcGif hðyrdef @
av#mufv$mwGif
“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”
“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”
“qnf;qmw&m;yG J” ðyvkyf
&ef[koufqdkif&modk@ av#mufv$mwif&ygw,f?“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”
“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”
“qnf;qmw&m;yG J”[lonfnae (6)
em&DrS(7)em&Drdepf(30) twGif;om usif;y&
rnf[k t"dy`m,f oufa&mufonhftjyifw,u. owfrSwfpnf;urf; (11) csufud kod&d S
+yD; av;pm;pGmvd kufemrnfjzpfa=umif; wm0efcH
u vufrSwfa&;xd k;ay;&ygw,f?
tqd kygtcsufrsm;xJwGifq&mawmf
oHCmawmfrsm; a[m=um;onf hw&m;acGtm;
3EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk; csufcsif;v$wf
3?,ae@umvonfEd kifiHtwGufvGefpGmta&;}uD;+yD; odrf harG @cufcJonf htajc
taewpf&yfud kjzwfoef;ae&onf htcsdefjzpfa=umif;/ tzG J @csKyftzG J @0ifrsm;tm;vk H; em;vnf
oabmayguf=urnf[k,k H=unfygonf? od k @jzpfI tzG J @csKyftzG J @0ifwd kif;onfwd kif;jynfESif hjynfol
vlxk. tusKd;pD;yGm;ESif h 'Drdkua&pDa&;wdk @twGufa':atmifqef;pk=unfacgif;aqmifaom
tzGJ@csKyf.aqmif&GufpJvkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifacsmarG@apa&; csrSwfxm;aom tzGJ@csKyf.rl0g'&yfwnfcsufrsm; taumiftxnfazmfa&;wd k @twGufqifjcifwk Hw&m; vufud kifxm;um
wm0ef&d SpGmjzif hqufvufóud;yrf;aqmif&Guf&eftxl;vd ktyfa=umif; a=unmvd kufonf?
19-10-09 ae@wGifusif;yaom A[d ktvkyftr_aqmiftzG J @.
tpnf;ta0; qk H;jzwfcsuft&
A[d ktvkyftr_aqmiftzG J @
trsKd;om;'Drd kua&pDtzG J @csKyf
&efukefòrdŒ?
a&G;
aumufyGJtóudumvESih fa&G;aumuf
yGJvGefumvrsm;wGifetztaejzifhvkyfaqmif&rnh fudpPrsm;ud krvkyfaqmifygu a&G;
aumufyG Jqef @usifr_rsm; ay:aygufvmEd kifonf
[kOa&myoHwreftzG J@ud k teft,fvf'Du
ajym=um;cJ ha=umif; od&ygw,f?
teft,fvf'DA[d ktvkyftr_aqmif
aumfrwDtzG J @0if(6)OD;ESih fOa&myor*~(tD;,l)
rSud k,fpm;vS,f(20)cef @ yg0ifonf hOa&my
oHwreftzG J @wd k @ atmufwd kbm (14)&ufwGif
&efukefòrdŒ teft,fvf'D¶k H;csKyfY awG @qk H&mwGif
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a&G;aumufyG JoydwfarS mufqefŒusifr+rsm; ay:aygufEd kif[kOD;0if;wifajym-um;
NEJ, Oct 16,2009
ajym=um;cJ ha=umif; teft,fvf'DA[d ktvkyf
tr_aqmifaumfrwDtzG J @0ifwOD;jzpfolOD;0if;
wifu ajymjyygw,f?Oa&myoHwreftzG J @u teft,fvf'D
A[d ktvkyftr_aqmifaumfrwDtzG J @0ifrsm;ESih f
awG @qk Hum vuf&d SjrefrmEd kifiHtajctaeESih f
ywfoufI ar;jref;cJ h&mwGifteft,fvf'DygwD
taejzif hvmrnh f(2010) a&G;aumufyG Jumv
twGufa&SŒbmqufvkyfrnfqd konfud kvnf;
xnf hoGif; ar;jref;cJ ha=umif; OD;0if;wifu ajym
jyygw,f?‚if;u “usaemfwd k @ ajymqd kaqG;aEG;
wJ hxJrSm wckygw,fAs? cifAsm;wd k @bmvkyfrSmvJ
30a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifOD;ESifhEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;v$wf?a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifOD;ESif h EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;v$wf?
a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifOD;ESifhEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;v$wf?a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifOD;ESif h EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;v$wf?
a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ OD;wifOD;ESifhEdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm; csufcsif;v$wf?
ae
tdrftus,fcsKyf
azmufzsufr_jzifhjypf'%frsm;csrSwfcJ hr_
tay: A[d kw&m;¶k H;
csKyfwGift,lcHwif
&efav#mufvGJcsuf
rl=urf;udkwdkifyifaqG;aEG;&ef‚if;.a&SŒaetm;vk H;ESih fawG @qk HcGif h
ay;&ef a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ppftpkd;& tm%myd kifrsm;xHawmif;qd kvk dufygw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unf. t,lcHtr_
twGufvd kufygaqmif&Gufay;aeonf h‚if;.
tusKd;aqmifa&SŒae (4) OD;teufusef&d Sonf h
a&SŒae (2)OD;jzpfonf hOD;vSrsKd;jrif h/ a':cifaX;
ºuG,fwd k @ESih fawG @cGif hr&onf htwGuf,ckuJ hod k @
awmif;qdkvdkufjcif;jzpfa=umif; a&SŒae}uD;OD;^m%f0if;u ajymygw,f? aetdrftus,fcsKyf
uscHae&onfh jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif
a':atmifqef;pk=unfonfa&SŒae (2)OD;jzpf
onf hOD;=unf0if;/ OD;^m%f0if;wd k @ESih fwuUod kvf
&dyfomvrf;&d S‚if;.aetdrfwGifawG @qk HcGif h&&d ScJ hyg
ao;w,f?OD;^m%f0if;u “usaemfwd k @ a&SŒae
(4) a,mufawG @cGif hawmif;xm;wm(2) a,muf
yJuef @owfcGif hðywm (2) cg&d SoGm;+yD? [k da&SŒyd kif;
wkef;uawmh(4) a,mufpvk H; awG @cGif hay;w,f?
'D[mvnf; bma=umih fajymif;ovJrodbl;?
'gud kvnf; usaemfwd k @ oD;jcm;tm%myd kiftzG J @
tpnf;awGud kwifzd k @&d Sygw,f”[kajymygw,f?
a':atmifqef;pk=unfESih fawG @qk H&mwGift,lcH
twGufA[d kw&m;¶k H;csKyfod k @wifrnf hjyifqifr_
rsm;ud kaqG;aEG;=u+yD; wifrnh fav#mufvG Jcsuf
rl=urf;ud ka':atmifqef;pk=unfxHay;tyfcJ h
a=umif;/ a':atmifqef;pk=unfoabmwlygu
wif&ef&d Sa=umif; OD;^m%f0if;u ajymygw,f?
,if;od k @ wd kifyifaqG;aEG;&mwGifa':pk
u ‚if;. w&m;a&;&yd kifcGif htay: uef @owfr_
ud kajym=um;cJ ha=umif; OD;^m%f0if;u “a':pk
ajymwmu a&SŒae (1)a,mufeJ @ vk Havmuf
w,f/ (2) a,mufeJ @ vk Havmufw,fqd kwm
ajymcGif hr&d Sbl;wJ h? a&SŒae (4) a,mufqd k&if(4)
a,muf&JŒ
(opinion)
ud kawmif;vd k @&w,fwJ h?
(2) a,mufqd kawmh(2) a,muf&JŒ
(opinion)
ud kyJem;axmif&w,fwJ h” [kjyefvnfajymqd k
vd kufygw,f?
xkd@tjyif tjcm;ajymqdkcJhonfhta=umif;t&mrsm;ESihfywfoufIvnf;OD;^m%f0if;u,ckavmavmq,fjzpfay:ae
onf hteft,fvf'DnDvmcHac:,la&; udpPESih f
ywfoufIvnf; a':atmifqef;pk=unfuar;jref;cJ honf[kOD;^m%f0if;u ajymygw,f?
“teft,fvf'Du nDvmac:,lzdk@udpPeJ@ywfouf+yD;awmhusaemf hudkar;w,f?
bmjzpfvd k @ 'Dvd kaqmif&Gufcsifw,fvd k @ od&vJ
wJ h? usaemfu usaemfwd k @ a=unmcsufrSmygwm
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NEJ, Oct 30,2009
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ေရႊခေမာက္စာေစာင္...။...။
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| Category: | Uncategorized. |
| Rating: | |
| Upload Date: | 11/06/2009 |
| Copyright: | Attribution Non-commercial |
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