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FM 90-10 FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS90-10 DEPARTMENT OF ARMYWashington, DC, 15 August 1979 
Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain (MOUT
)
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................1-1Urbanization...........................................................................................1-1Characteristics of Urban Warfare...........................................................1-7CHAPTER 2 OFFENSE..............................................................................................2-1How the Enemy Defends........................................................................2-1Planning the Attack................................................................................2-6The Offensive Battle............................................................................2-14Corps...............................................................................................2-15Division...........................................................................................2-17Brigade............................................................................................2-18Battalion Task Force.......................................................................2-22CHAPTER 3 DEFENSE..............................................................................................3-1How the Enemy Attacks.........................................................................3-1Planning the Defense..............................................................................3-8The Defensive Battle............................................................................3-14Corps...............................................................................................3-15Division...........................................................................................3-17Brigade............................................................................................3-21Battalion Task Force.......................................................................3-25CHAPTER 4 COMBAT SUPPORT............................................................................4-1Field Artillery.........................................................................................4-1Engineer.................................................................................................4-3Army Aviation........................................................................................4-4Tactical Air.............................................................................................4-5Air Defense............................................................................................4-5Military Police........................................................................................4-6Chemical.................................................................................................4-6
*This publication supersedes FM
31-50
,
10
 
May
19
64
.
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
 
 ii
Communications.....................................................................................4-7CHAPTER 5 COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT..........................................................5-1Support Organization.............................................................................5-1Logistical Functions...............................................................................5-2Noncombatants.......................................................................................5-5Civil Affairs Operations.........................................................................5-6Refugee Control.....................................................................................5-7APPENDIX A Urban Terrain Analysis......................................................................A-1APPENDIX B Weapons Effects And Employment....................................................B-1APPENDIX C How To Select And Prepare Defensive Positions In Built-Up Areas C-1APPENDIX D Employment Of Obstacles And Mines In Built-Up Areas.................D-1APPENDIX E Demolitions.........................................................................................E-1APPENDIX F Armored Forces In Built-Up Area......................................................F-1APPENDIX G How To Attack And Clear Building...................................................G-1APPENDIX H References And International Agreements.........................................H-1
 
CHAPTER 1Introduction
Tactical doctrine stresses that urban combat operations are conducted only when required and thatbuilt-up areas are isolated and bypassed rather than risking a costly, time-consuming operation in thisdifficult environment. Adherence to these precepts, though valid, is becoming increasingly difficult asurban sprawl changes the face of the battlefield. The acronym MOUT (Military Operations on UrbanizedTerrain) classifies those military actions planned and conducted on a terrain complex where manmadeconstruction impacts on the tactical options available to commanders. Commanders must treat theelements of urban sprawl as terrain and know how this terrain affects the capabilities of their units andweapons. They must understand the advantages and disadvantages urbanization offers and its effects ontactical operations.Urban combat operations may be conducted in order to capitalize on the strategic or tactical advantageswhich possession or control of a particular urban area gives or to deny these advantages to the enemy.Major urban areas represent the power and wealth of a particular country in the form of industrial bases,transportation complexes, economic institutions, and political and cultural centers. The denial or captureof these centers may yield decisive psychological advantages that frequently determine the success orfailure of the larger conflict. Villages and small towns will often be caught up in the battle because of their proximity to major avenues of approach or because they are astride lines of communications that arevital to sustaining ground combat operations.During offensive operations, commanders must seek to achieve a favorable mobility differential over thedefender, to retain momentum, and to avoid a protracted and costly urban battle. Built-up areas areobstacles to maneuver; hence, isolation and bypass, which neutralize their value to the defender, are thegoals of urban offensive operations.Conversely, the defender must seek to integrate the elements of urban sprawl into his defensive scheme toslow, block, or canalize the attacker and enhance weapon effectiveness.The attack or defense of a built-up area should be undertaken only when significant tactical or strategicadvantage accrues through its seizure or control.
Urbanization
is a complex, multifaceted process influenced by many factors including a nation's culturaldevelopment, its economic resources, and its industrial capacity. Although its form varies from region toregion, urbanization is characterized by a general pattern of changes in land usage and the spread of manmade features across natural terrain.Tactical terrain analysis has traditionally considered some elements of the urban environment such as theallocation of land to agriculture or forestry and the distribution of railway or road networks. However, thefocus has been on natural terrain elements. In Europe and other urbanized areas of the world, increased
FM 90-10 Chapter 1 Introduction1-1
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