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Objectives
1.To construct voltage level detector.
2.
 To construct an under voltage indicator which gives L.E.D signalwhenever a low voltage is detected compare to reference voltage.
3.
 To combine voltage level detector and under voltage indicator forobserving their relationship.A. Voltage Level DetectorComponents:
1.
IC (Integration circuit) LM741 ×32.L.E.D (light emitted diode) ×1 green×1 yellow×1 red3.330Ω resistor ×34.3.3kΩ resistor ×35.24kΩ resistor ×1Procedures:1.The voltage level detector is constructed as shown in the diagram.
2.
 The voltage level detector is connected to the voltage supply.3.The diode change due to voltage changes is observed.
4.
 The changes of the diode is recorded in Table 1.5.The observation is discussed.
 
B. Under voltage IndicatorComponents:1.10kΩ resistor ×12.680Ω resistor ×13.4.7kΩ resistor ×14.4.7MΩ resistor ×15.43Ω resistor ×16.L.E.D ×17.0.68uF capacitor ×18.PN2907 transistor ×19.PN2222 transistor ×1Procedures:
1.
 The circuit shown in diagram is constructed.
2.
3V (around 0.07A) is supplied to V
ref 
.
3.
V
in
with voltage below 3V and above is supplied, the difference isobserved.
4.
V
ref 
with 2V,4V and 5V is supplied. When the LED begin to flash, thevoltage value of V
in
is jot down in Table 2.
+ V
ref 
-
+ V
in
-
 
C. Combination of Voltage Level Detector and Under voltage IndicatorProcedures:
1.
Both voltage level detector and under voltage indicator is combined bygathering both V
ref 
of voltage level detector and under voltageindicator while V
Bat
of voltage level detector with V
in
of under voltageindicator.
2.
V
ref 
with a constant voltage value which is 5V is supplied.
3.
 The combination of V
Bat
and V
in
is supplied with 5V, 4.5V, 4V, 3.5V anduntil 0V.4.The observation is recorded in Table 3.
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