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ocifvkyf rS mvm;? uRef cHrS mvm; /ocif vkyf rS mvm;? uRefcHrS mvm; / ocifvkyf rS mvm;? uRef cHrS mvm; /ocif vkyf rS mvm;? uRefcHrS mvm; / ocif vkyfrS mvm;? uRef cHrSmvm; /

ud k,fhrif;ud k,f h csif;? ud k,f hxD;ud k,fh eef f; jrefrmEd k if iH

jrefrmwd k YonfrdrdEd kifiH\ vGwfvyfa&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPmESif hEd kifiHawmf\ e,fajryd kifqd kifrI ud ktvGefav;pm; wefzd k;xm;cJ hMuonf/ c&pfouú&mZf(1044)ckESpfwGifyxrjrefrmEd kifiHawmfBuD; ud ktaemf&xmrif;BuD;uvnf;aumif;? (1551)ckESpfwGif'kwd,jrefrmEd kifiHawmfBuD;ud kbk&if haemif rif;BuD;uvnf;aumif;? (1752)ckESpfwGifwwd,jrefrmEd kifiHawmfBuD;ud ktavmif;bk&m;rif;BuD; uvnf;aumif; wnfaxmifcJ honf/ xd ktcsdefrsm;u EdkifiHonfwd kif;&if;om;pnf;vH k; nDñGwfrI ½Sdonf? pD;yG m;a&;tiftm; awmif hwif;onf? wyfrawmftiftm; awmif hwif;onf? ywf0ef;usif Ed kifiHrsm;u av;pm;cef Yjim;&onf/ xd kumvrsm;u Ed kifiHawmf\ tifyg,me,ferdwfud kord kif;ud k avhvmu od&onf? tm;wuf&onf? rdrdwd k YvlrsdK; rdrdwd k YEd kifiHom;rsm;\ wefbd k;ud kem;vnf&onf/

uRefjzpfcJhaomumvrsm; uRefjzpfcJhaomumvrsm; uRefjzpfcJhaomumvrsm; uRefjzpfcJhaomumvrsm; uRefjzpfcJhaomumvrsm;

c&pfouú&mZf1824ckESpfwGifNAdwdoQud kvd keD\ usL;ausmfppf? yxrt*Fvdyf-jrefrm ppfyG J jzpfyG m;cJhonf/ &cd kif? &rf;NAJ? oHwG J? rmef fatmif? a&;? Nrdwf? xm;0,fESif hweoF m&Da'orsm;udk odrf;yd kufcHcJ h&onf/ c&pfouú&mZf1852ckESpfwGifNAdwdoQud kvd keD\ usL;ausmfppf? 'kwd,t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ppfyG JjzpfyG m;NyD;? atmufjrefrmEdkifiHqH k;½I H;ch J&onf/ odrf;ydkufcHcJ h&onf/ c&pfouú&mZf 1885ckESpfwGifNAdwdoQud kvd keD\ usL;ausmfppf? wwd,t*Fvdyf-jrefrm ppfyG J jzpfyG m;NyD;? wpfEdkifiHvH k; qH k;½I H;cJ h&onf/ jrefrmwd k Ywefbd k;xm;? av;pm;cJ haom jrefrmxD;eef;? vGwfvyfa&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPm? e,fajryd kifqd kifrItm;vH k; ysufokOf;vsufESpfaygif;wpf&mausmf uRefomru uRefatmufoabmufjzpfcJ h&onf/

vG wf vyfa&;ES if h tcsKyftjcmtmPm

tajrmftjrifBuD;rm;aom wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; yl;aygif;BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrI? jynfolyg0ifaom wyfrawmf\ pGrf;pGrf;wrH tm;xkwfBudK;yrf;rIaMumifh? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vH k;nDñGwfrI\ &vmbftjzpf 1947ck? azazmf0g&Dv (12)&ufaeYwGifyifvH kpmcsKyfcsKyfqdk EdkifcJ hNyD;? 1948ck? Zefe0g&Dv (4)&ufaeYwGifvGwfvyfaomtcsKyftjcmtmPmydkif jrefrmEd kifiH jzpfxGef;vmcJ honf/ od k YaomfAd kvfuspd k;rd k;cH&rIaMumif hEd kifiHawmf\ e,ferdwftcsdKU qH k;½I H;cJ h&onf/ (1752)ckESpfESif h(1948)ckESpfjrefrmEdkifiHajryH kud kES dKif;,SOfodjrifEd kifygonf/

jzwf oef;cJ h&aom twd wf umvrsm;

1949ckESpfwGifjrefrmEd kifiHta&S Uyd kif;a'orsm; ulrifwefusL;ausmfrIud kjynfolyg0ifaom wyfrawmfu atmifjrifpG m wd kufcd kufarmif;xkwfcJ h&onf/ 1958ckESpfwGifEd kifiHa&;ygwDtcsif;csif; aoG;uG Jwd kufcd kufrIaMumif hvGwfvyfa&;qH k;½I H;rnf hta&; jzpfvmcJ hojzif hwyfrawmfu Ed kifiHawmfud k xdef;odrf;ay;cJ h&onf/ 1962ckESpfwGife,fcsJ U\aoG;xd k;rIaMumifh? vGwfvyfa&; qH k;½IH;rnfhta&; wkdif;jynfNydKuGJrnf hta&; jzpfvmí wyfrawmfu EdkifiHawmfud k xdef;odrf; wm0ef,lcJ h&jyefonf/ 1988ckESpfwGifvnf; vufbuf&nfqd kif&efjzpfrIupí? e,fcsJ UaoG;xd k;rIaMumifhjynfoltrsm; vrf;ay:a&mufqE´jy? qlylzsufqD;rIrsm;jzpfNyD;? wk dif;jynfNydKuG Jrnf hta&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPm qH k;½I H;rnf hta&;rsm; jzpfay:vmojzif h? wyfrawmfu Ed kifiHawmfud kxdef;odrf;cJ h&jyefonf/ 1988ckESpf rS ,aeYtxd wyfrawmfonf? vHkNcHKa&;? wnfNidrfat;csrf;a&;? pD;yGm;wdk;wufa&;? vlom;t&if;tjrpf zGHNzdK;a&; paom udpö&yfrsm; tm;oGefcGefpdkuf aqmif&GufcJhojzifh EdkifiHawmf\zG HNzdK;wd k;wufrIonf 1948ckESpfrS1988ckESpf? tESpf(40) umvESif hEd SKif;qvQif1988ckESpfrS 2005ckESpf? (17)ESpfumvtwGif; wdk;wufrIonf tqaygif;rsm;pGm omvGefwdk;wufonfudk awGU&rnfjzpfonf/

acwf ES if havsmf nDaom Ekd if iHawmf\vH kjcH Ka&; (

National Security

)

,aeYEd kifiHawmf\ trd sK;om;a&;&nfrSef;csuf(

National Goal

)onf]]at;csrf;om,mNyD; acwfrDzGHNzdK;wdk;wufaom 'Drd kkua&pDEd kifiHawmf jzpfay:a&;}} jzpfonf/ uREk fyfwdk Y\ trsdK;om; tusdK;pD;yGm; (

National Interests

) rSm jynfaxmifpkrNydKuG Ja&;? wd kif&if;om;pnf;vH k;nDñGwfrI rNydKuGJa&;? EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwhHcdkifNrJa&;? trdsK;*kPf? Zmwd*kPfjrifhrm;a&;?rsdK;cspfpdwf"mwf &Sifoefxufjrufa&;? Ed kifiHawmfzG HNzdK;wdk;wufa&;ESif h acwfrDzGHNzdK;wd k;wufaom acwfrDEd kifiHawmfBuD; jzpfay:vma&;wd k Yjzpfonf/ uREf kyfwd k Y\ trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yG m;ud katmifjrif atmifvkyfaqmifrnfhvkyfief;rSeforQ? trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yG m; zsufqD;rIrsm;ud kumuG,f&rnf h udpörSeforQonf uREfkyfwdk Y\ Ed kifiHawmfvHkjcHKa&; (

National Security

) yifjzpfonf/ vH kjcHKa&; (

Security

) [kajymvQifvltrsm;wd k Yu vufeufud kiftzG J Utpnf;ESif hom qd kifonf[k,lqMuonf/ zmodzmom aeMuonf/ ,cktrd sK;om;vH kNcHKa&;? Ed kifiHawmfvH kNcHKa&; (

National Security

)onf?vufeufud kiftzG J Ytpnf; wpfckwnf;ESif hqd kifaomudpör[kwf? jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; aexdkifMuaom jynfolvlxktm;vHk;? wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;ESifhqdkifaom udpöBuD; jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkYtm;vHk;wm0ef½S dygonf? uREfkyfwdk Ytm;vHk; 0dkif;vk kyfMu&rnfjzpfygonf/

trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yGm; trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yGm; trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yGm; trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yGm; trsdK;om;tusdK;pD;yGm;

( ( ( ( (

National Interests

) ) ) ) )

ESifh ESifh ESifh ESifh ESifh

EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&; EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&; EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&; EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&; EdkifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;

( ( ( ( (

National Security

) ) ) ) )

udk avhvmjcif; udk avhvmjcif; udk avhvmjcif; udk avhvmjcif; udk avhvmjcif;

NAdwdoQwd k YonfurÇ mtES H U e,fcsJ U? odrf;yd kuf? uRefjyK? 4if;wd k Y\ "etiftm;? pD;yG m; wd k;wufatmif vkyfcJ hMupOfu 4if;wd k Y\

National Interests

rS m urÇ mBuD;ud k,Ofaus;atmifjyKvkyf&efjzpfonf/ xd k

National Interests

ud katmifjrifatmifvkyfMu&if; uREf kyfwd k YESpfaygif; (100)ausmfuRefatmuf oabmufjzpfvsufvGwfvyfa&;ESif htcsKyftjcmtmPm qH k;½I H;cJ h&onf/ 4if;umvonfyxrurÇ mppfESif h'kwd,urÇ mppfumvjzpfonf/ xd ktcsdefu tar&duef EdkifiH\

National Interests

rSm ]]trdajrud k umuG,f&ef}}

(Protection of AmericanHomeland)

oufoufjzpfonf/ 'kwd,urÇ mppfNyD;aomtcg tar&duefwd k Y\

NationalInterests

rS m ajymif;vJoG m;cJ honf/ trdajrud kumuG,f&eftjyiftar&duef\wefbd k;

(Ameri-can Values)

ESif h'Drd kua&pDud ktoH k;cs&ef? 'Drdkua&pDudk EdkifiHa&;ESifh pdwf"mwfa&;&m vdktyfcsuf'Drdkua&pDudk EdkifiHa&;ESifh pdwf"mwfa&;&m vdktyfcsuf'Drdkua&pDudk EdkifiHa&;ESifh pdwf"mwfa&;&m vdktyfcsuf'Drdkua&pDudk EdkifiHa&;ESifh pdwf"mwfa&;&m vdktyfcsuf'Drdkua&pDudk EdkifiHa&;ESifh pdwf"mwfa&;&m vdktyfcsuftjzptjzptjzptjzptjzpfurÇ mhtpdwftyd kif; tm;vH k;wGifoGwfoGif;&ef? jyKpkyd sK;axmif&efjzpfvmcJ honf/

Ameri-can Values

ud ktajccHtcsuf (6)csufjzif hazmfjyonf- (1)ud k,fyd kifqH k;jzwfcGif h½S djcif;? tpd k;&wpfckud kvGwfvyfpG ma&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;/ (2)tjcm;ol lud k0efxkyf0efyd k;rjzpfapbJvlwpfOD;csif;onfpD;yG m;a&;? Ed kifiHa&;ponfwk d Yud k Oya'ESif htnD vGwfvyfpGm aqmif&Gwfjcif;/ (3)rl0g'ESif htqHk;tjzwfrsm;ud kyGifhvif;pG m jyKvkyfEd kifjcif;ESif h4if;twGufjynfolonf t"dutqHk;tjzwftmPmyd kifoljzpfjcif;/ (4)Ed kifiHwumywf0ef;usifü 4if;wd k Y\ rl0g'ESif htajymif;tvJrsm;onftxufyg (3)csuftay:rlwnfNyD;? 4if;tcsuf(3)ckESif hrud kufnDvsif? trdajrud kumuG,f&ef vd ktyfvsifrwufomonf htqHk; ]ppfyG J} ud kvufcHusif hoH k;rnfjzpfjcif;/ (5)4if;

American Values