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Bernard SCHAEFFER's Documents
The Very Nature of the Strong Nuclear Force
It is generally assumed that there are four fundamental forces. Only the gravitational and electromagnetic forces have universal constants. The strong and weak forces are still unknown: their physical constants are unavailable.
Category:ScienceReads:24Uploaded:11 / 28 / 2011ShareAdd to collectionTheory of the Strong Force and the Nuclear Energy
Bieler of the Rutherford laboratory imagined in 1924 a magnetic attraction equilibrating an electrostatic repulsion between the protons. Since the discovery of the neutron and the magnetic moments of the nucleons proving that the neutron contains electric charges, nobody, as far as I know, has tried to apply electromagnetism to the nuclear interaction. As it is well known, there is an attraction between an electric charge and a neutral conductor. In the deuteron, the positive charge of the neutron is repelled and the negative charge is attracted by the proton with a net attraction. The repulsion between the magnetic moments equilibrates the electrostatically induced attraction. The calculated value is $- 1.6 MeV$ not too far from the experimental value ($-2.2 MeV$). The calculated hydrogen and helium isotopes stay satisfactorily along their experimental isotopic parabolas. This is not a high precision calculation but it is truly ab initio. No arbitrary fitting parameter is used, only universal physical constants. The electromagnetic theory predicts the theoretical ratio between nuclear and chemical energies as 1836 x 137 = 250,000 = proton-neutron mass ratio divided by the fine structure constant, proving that the usual assumption of the too feeble electromagnetic interaction is incorrect.
Category:ScienceReads:263Uploaded:02 / 10 / 2011ShareAdd to collectionTheory of the Nuclear Strong Force (presentation)
In 1924 Bieler a Rutherford student tried to explain the trajectory of alpha particles diffused by gold. He imagined an electrostatic repulsion combined with a magnetic attraction. This was later abandoned for a hypothetical so-called "strong force". Since that time, the neutron and the magnetic moments of the nucleons were discovered but nobody tried again to explain the nuclear interaction by electromagnetism except me. Instead of using a magnetic attraction I use a magnetic repulsion between the parallel and collinear magnetic moments of the neutron and the proton. The repulsion has to be equilibrated by an attraction to obtain equilibrium. This attraction is induced by the proton in the not so neutral neutron where there are electric charges of null sum. Electrostatic induction is attractive (see Feynman, Volume 2, p. 6.9) therefore an attraction between a neutron and a proton exists. It is not negligible as it is usually believed. The nuclear energy is 137x1,836 = 251,000 times the chemical energy. The nuclear energy is given by the formula αmc², where α is the fine structure constant, m the mass and c the light velocity. Bernard Schaeffer, to be published (Frontiers of Fundamental Physics, FFP11 2010) http://ffp11.gie.im/Scientific-Program
Category:ScienceReads:671Uploaded:06 / 19 / 2010ShareAdd to collectionBernard Schaeffer's papers
I published 40 papers. The first twelve were written at the mineralogy department of the Strasbourg university, France, where I obtained my PhD with a thesis on dislocations in gamma-irradiated LiF crystals studied photoelastically. Then I had a post-doc at the Syracuse university where I published a paper on a very sensitive moiré technique. Back to France, I worked on filament winded tubes, on bricks, on composite propellants and explosives. During my leisure time, I simulated numerically tree growth,wave breaking and dynamic behavior of solids.Now I am interested in modern physics and wrote a book about relativity and quanta. I am now trying to understand nuclear physics.
Category:ScienceReads:1,031Uploaded:01 / 26 / 2010ShareAdd to collectionTable of Nuclear Moments
This is a table of the magnetic moments of 100 stable nuclides to be downloaded and easily modified with Excel or a compatible spreadsheet. It is possible to select the nuclides according to their atomic numbers Z, mass numbers A, neutron numbers N, magnetic and quadrupolar moments. There appears no nuclides with both Z and N even because they are assumed to have no magnetic moments and therefore they have not been measured. Various calculations are available through Excel. Everything may be modified as you like it. Bernard Schaeffer
Category:ResearchReads:434Uploaded:01 / 23 / 2010ShareAdd to collectionCalcul de la molécule d'hydrogène
Le premier calcul d'une liaison chimique, fondateur de la chimie quantique est celui de la molécule la plus simple, celle de l'hydrogène par Bohr en 1913. C'est sans doute le seul calcul de liaison chimique accessible à un non-spécialiste. Bernard Schaeffer
Category:Essays & ThesesReads:1,362Uploaded:11 / 04 / 2009ShareAdd to collectionMechanical properties of composites, static and dynamic.
Deform 2D is a fully non-linear bidimensional software working on a Macintosh microcomputer, taking advantage of the graphic user interface. Automatic meshing is performed with a simple click in a contour. The software is especially adapted to the study of impacts but quasi-static tests may also be simulated. Propagation of waves, glide bands and cracks has been visualized. Composite materials are modelled by distributing two component materials over the meshes according to a periodic structure described by a graphic pattern. Bernard Schaeffer
Category:ScienceReads:1,608Uploaded:10 / 28 / 2009ShareAdd to collectionNumerical Modelling of Fast Crack Propagation
Finite differences numerical simulation of fast crack propagation in a brittle plastic is described. Rheological behaviour may be elastic, plastic, viscous, compressible, weighty. Plasticity may be with or without upper yield stress, with or without strain-hardening. Propagation of waves, glide bands and cracks have been visualised. A graphic user interface and an interface with standard Macintosh design software has been developed. Meshing is done automatically by clicking in the contour of the specimen. A cut is necessary for multiply connected geometries. The numerical simulation of fast crack propagation is compared with experiments on brittle plastics such as Homalite. The fracture criterion used is the Coulomb criterion. The tensile strength was adjusted to obtain the desired critical stress-intensity factor. The crack being defined by the cracked zone, with a thickness at least equal to the mesh size, a large number of meshes is necessary. Computations were performed on a single-edged-notched tensile specimens excentrically pin-loaded. The crack speed was found to have an approximately constant value of two thirds of the shear wave velocity, twice the experimental value. The computations were not precise enough to determine any relationship between speed and stress-intensity factor. Some crack bifurcation occurred, particularly on the moving side of the crack, but complete bifurcation was not obtained. Bernard Schaeffer
Category:ScienceReads:554Uploaded:10 / 28 / 2009ShareAdd to collectionPlastic deformation of transparent crystals
A single dislocation pile-up was generated in a transparent crystal. Dislocation stresses were measured photoelastically. They were simulated numerically with two different methods. Although ionic crystals are brittle materials, compared to metals and plastics, they may be deformed plastically. Beyond the yield stress, plastics are no more linear but in ionic crystals birefringence remains proportional to the stress. By applying very small deformations on specially treated single crystals, It is possible to obtain an excess of only a few thousand edge dislocations in a single glide band. Bernard Schaeffer
Category:ScienceReads:484Uploaded:10 / 28 / 2009ShareAdd to collectionSimulation numérique de la rupture dynamique
Deform 2D is a fully non-linear bidimensional software working on a Macintosh microcomputer, taking advantage of the graphic user interface. Automatic meshing is performed by simple clicking in die contour representing the body to be deformed. Displacement and pressure boundary conditions are available in a graphical way. The software is especially adapted to the study of impacts but quasi-static tests may also be simulated. Propagation of waves, glide bands and cracks have been visualized. An application to Charpy impact tests on polycarbonate is shown. Crack nucleation at the elastic-plastic interface has been obtained as expected from experiment. Crack propagation speed was found to be one quarter of the shear wave speed. Computed fracture energy is in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Bernard Schaeffer
Category:ScienceReads:1,293Uploaded:10 / 27 / 2009ShareAdd to collection
