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You can support Wikipedia by making a tax-deductible donation.El FilibusterismoFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchEl FilibusterismoFacsimile copy of the first page of the manuscript of El Filibusterismo.Author Jose RizalCountry PhilippinesLanguage SpanishGenre(s) NovelPublisher F. Mayer van Loo PressPublication date 1891Media type Print (Hardback & Paperback)ISBN NAEl Filibusterismo, also known by its English alternate title The Reign ofGreed,[1] is the second novel written by Philippine national hero Jos Rizal. It

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is a sequel to Noli Me Tangere and like the first book, was written in Spanish.Rizal began the work in October of 1887 while practicing medicine in Calamba. InLondon (1888), he made several changes to the plot and revised a number ofchapters. Rizal continued to work on his manuscript while in Paris, Madrid, andBrussels, finally completing it on March 29, 1891 in Biarritz. It was publishedthe same year in Ghent. The translation for its Latin name is "The Subversive", asa reference to what the Spanish priests call Rizal's works.[citation needed]Contents[hide]* 1 Synopsis* 2 Plot Summary* 3 Characters* 4 Literary significance and reception* 5 Film, TV or theatrical adaptations* 6 See also* 7 External links* 8 References[edit] SynopsisCrisostomo Ibarra returns as the rich, jeweler Simoun. Abandoning his idealism, heseeks revenge against the people responsible for his misfortunes, and starts arevolution.[edit] Plot SummaryAfter thirteen years of being away from the Philippines, Crisostomo Ibarra returnsunder the guise of Simoun, a rich jeweler and a confidant of the Captain-General.Simoun influences every decision of the Captain-General to mismanage the countrys

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affairs so that a revolution will break out. Simoun has reasons for instigating arevolution. First is to rescue Maria Clara from the convents and second, to getrid of the corruption and evil of the society. His true identity is discovered bya now grown-up Basilio while visiting his mothers grave, Sisa, as Simoun was

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digging near the grave site for his buried treasures. Simoun spares Basilios life

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and asks him to join in his planned revolution against the government. Basiliodeclines the offer as he still hopes that the countrys condition will improve.

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Basilio, at this point, is a graduating student of medicine at the Ateneo

Municipal de Manila. Basilio was adopted by Captain Tiago after Maria Clara entersthe convent. With Captain Tiagos help, Basilio was able to go to Colegio de San

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Juan de Letran and the Ateneo. Captain Tiagos confessor, Father Irene is making

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Captain Tiagos health worse by giving him opium even as Basilio prevents Captain

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Tiago from smoking it. He and other students want to establish a Spanish languageacademy so that they can learn to speak and write Spanish despite the oppositionfrom the Dominican friars of the University of Santo Tomas. With the help of areluctant Father Irene as their mediator and Don Custodios decision, the academy

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is established; however they will only serve as caretakers of the school not asthe teachers. Dejected and defeated, they hold a mock celebration at a pansiteriawhile a spy for the friars witnesses the proceedings.Simoun, for his part, keeps in close contact with the bandit group of CabesangTales, a former Cabeza de Barangay who suffered misfortunes at the hands of thefriars. Before joining the bandits, Tales took Simouns revolver while Simoun was

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staying at his house for the night. As payment, Tales leaves a locket that oncebelonged to Maria Clara. To further strengthen the revolution, Simoun has Quiroga,a Chinaman hoping to be appointed consul to the Philippines, smuggle weapons intothe country using Quirogas bazaar as a front. Simoun wishes to attack during a

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stage play with all of his enemies in attendance. He, however, abruptly aborts theattack when he learns from Basilio that Maria Clara died in the convent.A few days after the mock celebration by the students, the people are agitatedwhen disturbing posters are found displayed around the city. The authoritiesaccuse the students present at the pansiteria of agitation and disturbing peaceand has them arrested. Basilio, although not present at the mock celebration, isalso arrested. Captain Tiago dies after learning of the incident and as stated inhis will forged by Father Irene, all his possessions are given to the church,

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leaving nothing for Basilio. Basilio is left in prison as the other students arereleased. A high official tries to intervene for the release of Basilio but theCaptain-General, bearing grudges against the high official, coerces him to tenderhis resignation. Juli, Basilios girlfriend and the daughter of Cabesang Tales,

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tries to ask Father Camorras help upon the advice of an elder woman. Instead of

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helping Juli, however, Father Camorra tries to rape her as he has long-hiddendesires for Juli. Juli, rather than submit to the will of the friar, jumps overthe balcony to her death.Basilio is soon released with the help of Simoun. Basilio, now a changed man,finally joins Simouns revolution. Simoun then tells Basilio his plan at the

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wedding of of Paulita Gomez and Juanito, Basilios hunch-backed classmate. His

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plan was to conceal an explosive inside a lamp that Simoun will give to thenewlyweds as a gift during the wedding reception. The reception will take place atthe former home of Captain Tiago, which was now filled with explosives planted bySimoun. According to Simoun, the lamp will stay lighted for only 20 minutes beforeit flickers; if someone attempts to turn the wick, it will explode and killeveryone inside the house. Basilio has a change of heart and attempts to warn thepeople inside, including Isagani, his friend and the former boyfriend of Paulita.Simoun leaves the reception early as planned and leaves a note behind; "Mane,Thacel, Phares. Juan Crisostomo Ibarra". Initially thinking that it was simply abad joke by those left behind, Father Salvi recognizes the handwriting andconfirms that it was indeed Ibarras. As people begin to panic, the lamp flickers.

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Father Irene tries to turn the wick up when Isagani, due to his undying love forPaulita, bursts in the room and throws the lamp into the river. He escapes bydiving into the river as guards chase after him.Simoun, now unmasked as the perpetrator of the attempted arson and failedrevolution, becomes a fugitive. Wounded and exhausted, he seeks shelter at thehome of Father Florentino, Isaganis uncle, and came under the care of Doctor

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Tiburcio de Espadaa, the husband of Doa Victorina, who was also hiding at the

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house. Simoun takes poison in order for him not to be captured alive by theauthorities. Before he dies, he reveals his real identity to Father Florentinowhile they exchange thoughts about the failure of his revolution and why Godforsook him. Father Florentino opines that God did not forsake him and that hisplans were not for the greater good but for personal gain. Simoun, finallyaccepting Father Florentinos explanation, squeezes his hand and dies. Father

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Florentino then takes Simouns remaining jewelries and throws them into the sea,

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hoping that they would not be used by the greedy, and that if the time came thatit would be used for the greater good, the sea would reveal the treasures.[edit] CharactersSimoun - Crisostomo Ibarra in disguise, left for dead at the end of Noli MeTangere, has resurfaced as the wealthy jeweler, Simoun, sporting a beard, blue-tinted glasses, and a revolver. Fueled by his mistreatment at the hands of theSpaniards and his fury at Maria Clara's fate, he has since shed his pacifist imageand become the titular "filibustero", pretending to side with the upper class andencouraging them to enslave the masses, while in reality siding with the massesand urging them to revolt against the oppressive Spanish regime. This time, hedoes not attempt to fight the authorities with knowledge, but by force. Heconcocts a plot to set off a bomb disguised as a beautiful lamp at a wedding whereimportant members of civil society and the church hierarchy are in attendance.Unfortunately for him, his plan fails and he commits suicide by taking poison.Basilio - after the tragic deaths of his mother and younger brother, Basilio heedsthe advice of the dying boatman, Elias, and travels to Manila to study. At firsthe is frowned upon by his peers and teachers not only because of the color of hisskin but also because of his shabby appearance, but redeems himself in their eyesby participating in a fencing contest--and winning. He soon becomes an exceptionalmedical student, but his plans to graduate and become a full-time doctor arepostponed by an encounter with Simoun, who, upon bringing up the deaths of hisrelatives, convinces him to aid him in his plots. At first, the young man isreluctant, but the death of his sweetheart Juliana drives him to fight whole-heartedly by Simoun's side. He helps Simoun smuggle in a bomb into a weddingreception, but relents later on and warns his best friend Isagani of the impendingdanger.Isagani - Basilio's best friend. While Basilio is an aspiring doctor, Isagani, onthe other hand, is a budding poet, and he, along with Basilio, plans to establisha school wherein indios such as themselves may learn Spanish. Unlike Basilio, hedoes not get along well with Simoun, and is much more emotional and reactive thanhis friend. Isagani experiences a rocky relationship with his rich girlfriend,Paulita Gomez, who eventually dumps him and marries Isagani's fellow student,Juanito Pelaez. Heartbroken, Isagani refuses at first to listen to Basilio whenthe latter warns him to get away from the would-be epicenter of the explosion.Eventually realizing that Paulita would die in the explosion, he foils Simoun'splan by racing into the reception in time to prevent the explosion from happening.He later regrets his impulsive action because he had contradicted his own beliefthat he loved his nation more than Paulita and that the explosion and revolutioncould have fulfilled his ideals for Filipino society.Kabesang Tales - Once a farmer owning a prosperous sugarcane plantation and aCabeza de Barangay (head of the barangay), he was forced to give everything to abunch of unscrupulous Spanish friars. From then on, everything went downhill forTales: his son, Tano, who became a civil guard was captured by bandits; hisdaughter Juliana had to work as a maid to get enough ransom money for his freedom;and his father, Tandang Selo, suffered a stroke and became mute. His personality