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F P
Q T:T S C
In our quest to understand how things move,we discover that there is a minimal change in nature,implying that motion is fuzzy,that matter is not permanent,that boxes are never tight,that matter is composed of elementary units,and that light and interactions are streams of particles.e minimal change explains why antimatter exists,why particles are unlike gloves,why copying machines do not exist,and that probabilities are reasonable.
 
D C
F P : Q T: T S C
924C VI Q  L  M92421. Minim
um action – quantum theory for poets
eeectsoftheq
uantumofaction onrest927•
econsequences ofthequantumofactionforobjects927• Why‘quantum’?929•
eeectofthequantumofactionon motion931• Quantum limits and surprises932• Transformation, growth and Democritus933• Randomness936• Waves937• Quantum information938• Curiosities and fun challenges about the quantum of action939
94022. Light – the strange consequences of the quantum of action
What is the faintest lamp?940• What is light? – Again945•
e size of pho-tons946• Are photons countable? – Squeezed light947•
e positions of pho-tons949• Are photons necessary?950• How can a wave be made up of parti- cles?952• Canlightmovefasterthanlight?–Virtualphotons958• Indeterminacy  of electric elds959• Curiosities and fun challenges about photons960
96223. Motion of matter – beyond classical physics
Wineglasses andpencils–norest962• Coolgas962• Noinniteprecision963• Flowsandthequantizationofmatter963• Matterquantonsandtheirmotion–mat-terwaves964• Massandaccelerationofquantons967• Velocitiesofquantons967 • Why are atoms not at? Why do shapes exist?967• Rotation of quantons – thelack of northpoles968• Silver, SternandGerlach – polarizationof quantons970•
e quantum description of motion972•
e state evolution – dispersion of quan-tons974• Tunnelling and limits on memory – damping of quantons976• Phase and the Aharonov–Bohm eect978•
e motion of quantons with spin979•Relativistic waveequations980• Virtualparticles981• Compositeness981• Cu- riosities and fun challenges about quantum matter983
98424. Colours and other interactions between light and matter
What are stars made of?984• What determines the colours of atoms?986• Rela- tivistic hydrogen990• Relativistic wave equations – again990• Antimatter992 • Curiosities and fun challenges about colour993•
e strength of electromag-netism994996Bibliography 
1002C
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VII P
 
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100225. Are particles like gloves?
Why does indistinguishability appear in nature?1004• Can particles becounted?1005• What is permutation symmetry?1006• Indistinguishability  and symmetry 1006•
e behaviour of photons1007• Bunching and anti-bunching1008•
e energy dependence of permutation symmetry 1008• In-distinguishability in quantum eld theory 1009• How accurately is permutationsymmetry veried?1010• Copies, clones and gloves1011
101226. Rotations and statistics – visualizing spin
ebelttrick 1014•
ePauliexclusionprincipleandthehardnessofmatter1017•Spin,statisticsandcomposition1019• Isspinarotationaboutanaxis?1020• Why 
M o t  i    onM o un t   a i   n–T  h   eA  d v en t   ur   e of   P h    y  s i    c  s  a v a i   l     a  b l     ef   r   e e of    c h   a r    g e a  t  www .m o t  i    onm o un t   a i   n .n e t   C  o  p  y r  i     gh   t  © C h  r  i    s  t   o  ph   S   c h  i   l    l     er  N  ov em b  er  1  9  9 7 –N  ov em b  er  2  0  0 7 
 
is fencing with laser beams impossible?1020• Rotation requires antiparticles1021 • A summary on spin and indistinguishability 1022• Limits and open questions of quantum statistics10221024Bibliography 
1027C
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Q
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102727. Superpositions and probabilities – quantum theory without ideology 
1027Why are people either dead or alive?Conclusions on decoherence, life and death10331034What is a system? What is an object?Is quantum theory non-local? – A bit about the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen para-dox1035• Curiosities and fun challenges about superpositions1037 1039What is all the fuss about measurements in quantum theory?Hidden variables10441046Conclusions on probabilities and determinismWhatisthedierencebetweenspaceandtime?1048• Arewegoodobservers?1048 • Whatconnectsinformationtheory,cryptologyandquantumtheory?1049• Istheuniverse a computer?1049• Does the universe have a wave function? And initialconditions?10501054Challenge Hints and SolutionsFilm credits1056• Image credits1057
M o t  i    onM o un t   a i   n–T  h   eA  d v en t   ur   e of   P h    y  s i    c  s  a v a i   l     a  b l     ef   r   e e of    c h   a r    g e a  t  www .m o t  i    onm o un t   a i   n .n e t   C  o  p  y r  i     gh   t  © C h  r  i    s  t   o  ph   S   c h  i   l    l     er  N  ov em b  er  1  9  9 7 –N  ov em b  er  2  0  0 7 
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