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1The Firecracker Report 
We invite you to visit our new blog at The Firecracker Report.  Is Shortage of Physical Bullion the Real Reason for the Recent Sharp Rally in Gold?
Although we here at The Firecracker Report have been gold bugs (especially of physicalgold) for quite some time, we however are puzzled by the sudden and sharp rally in physicalgold prices that occurred over the last several weeks (September-October time frame). Mostof the media reports have ascribed the probable cause as seasonal demand from India andthe gold-dollar inverse relationship (gold rises as the dollar weakens). While both thesepoints are true they do not give a full explanation as to why gold rallied so spectacularly,breaking through the $1000 ceiling in September. Consider this:1.
 
Seasonal gold demand from India is anticipated every year, so that should be nosurprise to the market (especially to cause such a massive break-out).2.
 
As we examine in this paper (and referenced in the charts below), the gold-dollar
inverse relation did not hold up very well during the majority of the dollar index‟s
reversal from a peak of 89.5 in March to ~79 at the start of Sept. So what gives now?
 
USD Index tumbles12% March to SeptGold moves sideways duringthe majority of USD reversalGold finally breaks out
 
 
2The Firecracker Report Let us examine the second point in more detail:
Gold-Dollar Inverse relation did not hold up for a Majority of the D
ollar’s
downward Trajectory
The flight to safety trade that began in the 2H of 2008, took the USD Index to its peak of 89.5 in early March 2009. This peak coincided with a global panic, record low of 666 in theS&P 500 and a peak in gold of just above $1000. After the Fed announced its $1.75 trillionquantitative easing program in March, coupled with other measures to stem the bankingcrisis, the panic subsided and the dollar began to reverse trend.The USD Index dropped 12% from its March peak of 89.5, to 79 in early September. Sincethen the Index has dropped a further 4.4% to reach its present level of 75.55.And how did Gold behave during this time?Contrary to popular expectations, the gold-dollar inverse relation did not hold up very wellas the dollar reversed course. Instead of rallying further from its late February level o$1000, gold fell initially. And then, for the majority of the dollar
‟s
downward move fromMarch to September, gold moved sideways trading in a wide-band of $860-$990 but neverbreaking above $1000 (please see chart above).
So is the gold-dollar inverse relation false or is there another reason for its break-down?
We believe that the relationship would have held, had it not been for the fact that goldfutures markets are heavily manipulated. Speculation/manipulation activity is rampant inthe futures markets where players can leverage bets a 100x or more, and where a majorityof the contracts are cash settled, rather than requiring physical delivery.
If you don‟t have
to actually deliver the underlying commodity then you can speculate away! The result hasbeen that futures markets prices no longer reflect the demand and supply dynamics of theunderlying commodity. Case in point being the oil futures market where the CFTC headGary Gensler, recently admitted in ahearing that index futures speculators may have caused oil to spike to $150 last year.And in the case of gold the reverse of the oil market dynamics has been occurring. Here thefutures markets are being used to suppress gold prices to keep the façade of USD strengthgoing, in face of massive money printing by the Fed.
So what gives now? How is it that gold has shattered the $1000 ceiling sostrongly?
Looking at the dynamics in the gold market, it is our observation that somethingfundamentally changed in Sept-Oct
.
What could this something be? Evidence (which weoutline below) suggests that the gold market is beginning to experience a shortage of 
 
 
3The Firecracker Report physical gold. As we have reported before, physical gold is a surprisingly scarce asset.According toNational Geographic magazine
,“In all of history, only 161,000 tons of gold
have been mined, barely enough to fill two Olympic-
size swimming pools”.
Now we admit that we do not have absolute hard evidence to prove a shortage of physicalbullion, however we would like to point our readers to the following observations:1.
 
First as anyone who has bought gold coins or bars knows that there is a severeshortage in the market and one has to wait at least 2-3 months to receive delivery.In addition certain coins are often not available as evidenced by the severalinstances when the U.S. mint suspended sale of gold coins. 2.
 
Second is the news that gold futures market participants have begun demandingphysical bullion at settlement instead of cash, causing the futures contract sellers toget squeezed since they did not have the physical bullion to make a delivery. OnOctober 9, 2009 Rob Kirby of Kirby Analytics wrote in an article titled
 
that “Impeccably reliable sources have informed me
that as recently as Sept. 30, 2009
the last possible day of trade in the Sept. 09gold futures
a number of well-
heeled market participants “bought” substantial
tonnage worth of gold futures on the London Bullion Market (LBMA) and immediatelytold their counterparties they wanted to take instantaneous delivery of theunderlying physical bullion.The unexpected immediate demand for substantial tonnage of gold bullion createdutter panic in at least two banks who were counterparties to this trade
J.P. MorganChase and Deutsche Bank
because they simply did not possess the gold bullionwhich they had sold short (an illegal act which in trading parlance is referred to as a
 “naked short”)
. A (cash) premium of as much as spot plus 25 % (that would be$1,250
1,300 per ounce of gold) was offered to settle this matter in fiat money
instead of the embarrassment of a very public “failure to deliver” on the part of the
London Bullion Market Association.3.
 
Adrian Douglas of Market Force Analysis provides a deeper perspective on this issuein his must read October newsletter titled
. He points to the fact that the gold paper derivative market(cash settlement) dwarfs the underlying physical bullion market, so much so that if all the paper derivatives players suddenly demanded physical settlement the marketwould break down as there is simply not enough bullion to go around.4.
 
Central banks all around the world spooked by the dollar‟s decline and Bernanke‟s
money printing are desperately trying to diversify their reserves. Now if you are aCentral Bank that holds dollars, what can you diversify into? Currencies such asEuros and Yen are obvious answers but there is a caveat. First there are simply notenough Euros or Yen to go around. Second if every central bank began buying Eurosor Yen, the European and Japanese economies which are heavily export dependent,would come tumbling down as their currencies appreciate. So there are bound to bepolitical pressures against foreign central banks pursuing this line of diversification
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