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Heat
From yalem_0813
Thermal Energy and Heat
Notes from September 14, 2010 - Visit notehall.com for more great study guide...
From Notehall
7.1
From Azreen Izet
HEAT
AND
WILDLAND
FIRE-Part
1
THENATURE
OF
HEAT
Clive
M.
Countryman
1977
FOilES,.
SERVICE
u.s
DEPi\RTMEt\:T
To
AIUCULTURE
P.O
nox
:l45,I3ERKELEY.CALIFOR;\llA
9 ~ 7 0 1
PACIFICSOUTHWESTForest
and
RangeExperimentStation
This file was created by scanning the printed publication.Errors identified by the software have been corrected;however, some errors may remain.
,--------------The
Author-------------,
CLIVE
M.
COUNTRYMANwas,untilhisretirementin1977,incharge
of
theStation'sfirebehaviorstudies,withheadquarters
at
theForestFireLaboratory,Riverside,Calif.Heearnedabachelor'sdegreeinforestryattheUniversity
of
Washingtonin1940,andjoined
the
ForestServicethefollowingyear.NOTE
TI1is
publication
is
part
of
agroupdesigned
to
acquaintfirecontrolpersonnel,wildlandmanagers,
and
forestrystudentswith
important
concepts
of
firebehavior
and
theapplication
of
theseconcepts
to
wildlandfireproblems.Thelevel
of
difficulty
of
thetreatment
of
topicsinthesepublicationsvaries,
as
signaledbythecolor
of
thecover:thebluecovergroup
is
generallyelementary
and
theyellowcovergroup
is
intermediate.Thefollowingpublications,byCliveCountryman,areavailable
on
requestto:DirectorPacificSouthwestForest
and
RangeExperimentStationP.O.Box245Berkeley,California
9470
IAttention:PublicationDistributionThisHumidityBusiness:WhatIt
Is
All
About
and
ItsUseinFireControl.1971(blue)FireWhirls
...
Why,When,andWhere.1971(blue)CarbonMonoxide:AFirefightingHazard.1971(yellow)TheFireEnvironmentConcept.1972(blue)
Heat-Its
RoleinWildlandFire(blue)Part
I-The
Nature
of
Heat.1975Part
2-Heat
Conduction.1976Part
3-Heat
Conduction
and
WildlandFire.1976Part
4-Radiation.
1976Part5
-Radiation
and
WildlandFire.1976Heat
and
WildlandFire(yellow)Part
I-The
Nature
of
Heat.1977
THENATURE
OF
HEAT
Three
ingredients
areessential
for
a
wildland
fire
to
start
and
toburn.First,there
must
be
burnable
fuelavailable.
Thenenough
heat
must
be
applied
to
the
fuel
to
raiseits
temperature
to
the
ignition
point.
And
finally,
there
must
be
enough
air
to
supply
theoxygenneededto
keep
thecombus
tionprocess
going
and
thusmaintaintheheat
supply
for
ignition
of
unburned
fuel.
Thesethree
essential
ingredients
fuel,
heat,
and
oxygen-make
upthe
firetriangle.All
must
be
present
if
there
is
to
befire.In
the
following
discussion,
wewill
examinesome
of
the
basic
characteristics
of
theheatsegment
of
the
triangle-the
nature
of
heat
itself.
Heat
is
indispensable
Everyoneknowshowheat
feels,and
is
well
aware
of
its
many
uses
and
applications
in
our
lives.
Heat
isused
to
warm
our
housesand
to
cook
our
food.
Heat
isnecessaryin
many
industrialand
manufacturing
processes-mostproducts
weutilize
or
consume
involve
the
use
of
heatsomewhere
along
the
linein
their
production.
Modern
power
sources
often
dependonheat;
internal
combustion
and
steam
operated
engines,for
example.And
heat
is
often
used
togeneratethe
electrical
power
so
important
in
thepresent
way
of
life.
Heat
received
at
the
earth's
surfacefrom
the
sun
is
the
basic
control
of
our
weather,
andthis
heat
is
alsoessentialin
growingfood
cropsand
other
vegetation,
including
wildlandfuels.
Withouttheheat
received
from
the
sun,
life
could
not
exist
ontheearth.
Heat
science
is
relatively
new
The
science
of
heat(thermodynamics)
has
brought
an
understanding
of
many
of
the
physicallaws
governing
heat
and
heat
phenomena.But
as
recently
as
200
years
ago,
the
tme
nature
of
heat
was
not
understood.
In
the
early
days
of
science,
thephenomena
associated
withheat
were
ascribed
to
anintangibleandmystical
fluidcalled
"caloric."
This
f1uid
wasbelieved
to
have
thepower
of
penetrating
and
expanding
materials,
sometimesmelting
or
dissolving
them,
andconvert
ing
somesubstancesto
vapor.
The
caloric
fluidwas
con-
of 00
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