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Nudist Timeline
 
Public nudity was common in ancient
 
Egypt
under Pharaoh Akhen-Aton (1385-1353 BCE).
Students in ancient
Greece
exercised and received instruction while nude; athletes competed in thenude. This continued until 393 CE, when the Christian emperor banned the Olympic Games becausehe considered them Pagan.
 Ascetics in ancient
India
practiced nudity as part of their quest for simplicity.
The
Japanese
widely practiced nude communal bathing until recently. Today, there exists only "
...a few mixed bathing pools in hot spring spas, and some mixed public baths in small villages in thedeep countryside
."
Five
 
Christian groups
from the 2nd to the 15th century practiced public nudity: the Adamites, Adamianis, Carpocrations, Encratites, and Marcosians.
Many cultures
in tropical areas wear very little or no clothing, even today.
John Adams
enjoyed nude swimming in the Potomac River.
Public nude bathing was common on the beaches of the
UK 
by the 1840's.
During the reign of Queen Victoria, a period of sexual repression began, which spread throughout muchof the English-speaking world. At the height of the Victorian Era, it was common to cover all legs, eventhose of pianos and tables, in order to prevent sexual arousal. Bathing suits at the time covered almostthe entire bodies of both men and women. Then, as now, much of society considered nudity and sexualarousal to be synonymous.
John Adams
 Naked Ascetics Doing Yoga Exercises.
circa 1890
 
Naked People(Nackende Menschen) by Heinrich Pudor, under the pseudonym of Heinrich Scham was probably the first book on nudism to be published. Written in Germany during the 1890s, it predates even RichardUngewitter's
 Die Nacktheit 
. The English translation was published in 1894, and has seemingly been lost. Now,resurrected by Reason Books,
Naked People' 
s renewed availability will place it as an immediate collector's item,appropriate for any serious library.
 Naked People
itself is aphoristic and poetic, but its pleading for a naked andopen lifestyle is both continual and undeniable.
 
circa 1900
 
 A return to nude public bathing was pioneered in Germany by a group of young weekend hikers called
Wandervögel 
(migratory birds). They hiked around the countryside and skinny-dipped where conditionsallowed. A second German group contributed to naturism; it was the
 Naturheilbewegung
(Natural HealingMovement) which promoted the idea that the sun's rays had healing properties if they were enjoyed in the nude.German sociologist Heinrigh Pudor is regarded as the "
 father of nudism.
" He wrote a book 
"The Cult of the Nude" 
promoting naturism. This was at a time when the word "cult" had not taken on the negative meaningsthat it has today.
1903
The first nudist resort was opened by Paul Zimmerman near Hamburg, Germany.
circa 1905
The British nudist organization
 English Gymnosophist Society
 was formed.
1929
Kurt Barthel founded the
 American League for Physical Culture
. Members Reverend Ilsley (Uncle Danny)Boone, and family are recognized as the first leading family of nudism in America.
The Nudist 
, founded by Reverend Ilsley Boone, was America's first nudist magazine. Notice the alarming censorship of male genitalia. It was later retitled
 Sunshine & Health
. Both magazines espoused hardy nudism.
1930s
On one particularly hot summer, thousands of men on Long Island NY disobeyed the law and went topless. Thelaw was changed in 1936 to decriminalize toplessness among men.
Clark Gable, when he took off his shirt in
 IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT 
(1934) -- revealed bare skin beneath, rather than an undershirt. Sales of undershirtsreportedly dropped significantly, and nudists credit him with liberating the male torso.
1935
Zorro Nudist Colony opens as an exhibition at San Diego’s Balboa Park for the California Pacific InternationalExposition. (See
Travel Naturally
, issue #50.)
1940s
The Comstock Law, an omnibus anti-obscenity law was used to suppress nudist magazines in the US.
 
 Works of art and literature were were routinely banned in the U.S., such as the oil painting "September Morn" by French artist Paul Chabas. This innocent nude bather was deemed obscene by Anthony Comstock of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice.
1950s:
Police raids on nudist groups became less frequent. One of the last occurred in Michigan in 1956. A Christianradio evangelist had campaigned to close down the
 Sunshine Gardens Nudist Resort 
. After a series of court battles, the
 Michigan Supreme Court 
ruled that naturists had a right to practice nudism within private resorts.
Today'sSunshine GardensResort
1958
The US Supreme Court ruled that naturist magazines were not obscene under that law.
1974
San Diego City Council designates "swim-suit optional" zone at Black's Beach (rescinded in 1977).
 
1986
Burning Man Festival — First event on Baker Beach in San Francisco.Conceived by Larry Harvey with help from Jerry James - 20 participants, 8 foot man.
1990 - Burnin Man moved to Black Rock Desert, Nevada - 100 participants attend desert burning -Height of Man: 40 feet. 
2000
September 21, 2000 — A new nationwide poll commissioned by the Naturist Education Foundation(NEF) and conducted by the independent Roper-Starch organization indicates that Americans
of 00

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