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ZIGPKAKEKH \GKQLVUK@H@ EHPÕOKEH @L EMKOLLUE\LOH @L KGNLGKLVÂH@LZHVPHBLGPI @L KGNLGKLVÂH MK@VÈ\OKEH [ HBFKLGPHO
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[\@HGPÂH
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LEÈGKEH
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@L
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A
O\K@IU
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M 
K@VIUPÈPKEH
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B
HPÂHU
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KBKPVIQ
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Bhvti 6::5
Zvifolbh 8
 
Ul zvizigl lup|`khv lo lx|kokfvki mk`viupèpkei `l oh hpbõualvh `l |g zohglph `lo Ukuplbh Uiohv/ `lbi`i `l lgeigpvhv oh aivbh `l oh u|zlvakekl `l u| hpbõualvh lg pi`i z|gpi/ { oh `kalvlgekh `l luzluivl}kuplgpl lgpvl oiu zioiu { lo le|h`iv' Zhvh looi lo zohglph ul eiguk`lvhvè eibi |gh lualvh mibinëglh `lvh`ki
 V
/ hkuoh`h lg lo luzheki/ x|l nkvh h qloiek`h` hgn|ohv
^ 
lg pivgi h |g ldl x|l zhuh ziv oiu zioiu'Zhvh looi eiguk`lvl x|l |g lolblgpi `l hkvl `l oh hpbõualvh ul lge|lgpvh h |gh `kuphgekh
v 
`lo elgpvi`lo zohglph { h |gh ohpkp|`
ν 
/ { x|l lupè uiblpk`i h |gh kgplguk`h` `lo ehbzi `l a|lvthu pho/ x|l pklgl |gheibziglgpl `kvknk`h mhekh lo elgpvi `lo zohglph zvi`|epi `l oh nvhql`h`/ `h`h ziv4
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⎙ ⎪ ⎗⎟⎒ ⎓ 2
 Vv  n  a  
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 H`lbèu ziull ipvh eibziglgpl elgpvâa|nh/ zvi`|epi `l oh viphekõg `lo zohglph uifvl u| ldl/ `h`h ziv4
ν 
 ulgv^  a  
b
66
2
 H`izpl |g ukuplbh `l eiiv`lgh`hu ziohvlu -
v 
/
ν 
/
ρ
+/ `ig`l
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lu oh `kuphgekh `lu`l lo elgpvi `lozohglph/
ν 
lo ègn|oi eig lo ldl `l viphekõg {
ρ
lo ègn|oi lg vlohekõg h |g blvk`khgi `l vlalvlgekh/ e|{huivklgphekiglu uig ohu x|l ul kg`kehg lg oh akn|vh hgplvkiv'h+
 
Lge|lgpvl lo qhoiv `l eh`h |gh `l ohu eibziglgplu `lo qlepiv `l kgplguk`h` `lo ehbzi `l a|lvthu lglo ukuplbh `l eiiv`lgh`hu -
v 
/
ν 
/
ρ
+'
8
 
f+
 
Zohgpll oh le|hekõg `l oh Ol{ Mk`viupèpkeh zhvh |g lolblgpi `l oh hpbõualvh lg luphu eig`kekiglu'e+
 
U|zignh x|l oh bhuh luzleâakeh `lo hkvl z|l`l eiguk`lvhvul eiguphgpl kn|ho h
 ψ
-hzvi}kbhekõg+'Kgplnvl oh eibziglgpl ulnôg
v 
`l oh Ol{ Mk`viupèpkeh zhvh lgeigpvhv oh zvlukõg lg a|gekõg `l oh`kuphgekh ho elgpvi'`+
 
\pkokel oh uln|g`h eibziglgpl/ kgplnvhg`i oh le|hekõg ulnôg
ν 
/ zhvh lgeigpvhv oh eiguphgpl `lkgplnvhekõg `l oh le|hekõg hgplvkiv'l+
 
Zhvh `lplvbkghv oh eiguphgpl `l kgplnvhekõg/ z|l`l eiguk`lvhv x|l lg oh u|zlvakekl l}plvkiv `l ohhpbõualvh `l oiu zioiu ul pklgl4
v2V#m
≍
 V
eig
m
lo luzluiv `l oh hpbõualvh/
ν 
2:
/
 Z2:
' Eig looil}zvlul `l bhglvh l}zoâekph oh a|gekõg `l oh zvlukõg lg e|hox|klv z|gpi `l oh hpbõualvh `lo zohglph/lg eiiv`lgh`hu -
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/
ν 
/
ρ
+'a+
 
Lge|lgpvl |gh l}zvlukõg zhvh lo luzluiv `l oh hpbõualvh
m
/ eiguk`lvhg`i x|l lg oh u|zlvakekl l}plvkivoh zvlukõg lu g|oh { x|l lupl luzluiv lu zlx|løi eibzhvh`i eig lo vh`ki
 V
`lo zohglph -
 V#m
≍
 V
+'n+
 
Akghoblgpl lge|lgpvl oh `kalvlgekh `l
m
lgpvl lo le|h`iv { oiu zioiu'
Zvifolbh 6
 
\g `kvknkfol `lo pkzi Tlzzloâg pklgl |g qio|blg bè}kbi
Q 
{ |g zlui pipho/ kgeo|{lg`i oh lupv|ep|vh/lo lgqiopivki { oh ehvnh `l
^ 
SGR/ ukg pibhv lg e|lgph lo zlui `lo nhu eig lo x|l ul oolgh' Lo lgqiopivki lumlvbëpkei zlvi `laivbhfol/ `l bhglvh x|l lo nhu lg u| kgplvkiv gi z|l`l uhokv { bklgpvhu gi lupè piphoblgploolgi lupè honi `lukgaoh`i' Zhvh mhelvoi huelg`lv `lu`l lo u|loi ul ol kg{leph |g qio|blg `l Mloki/ e|{hbhuh luzleâakeh h gkqlo `lo u|loi lu
 ψ
 Mi
-`lo iv`lg `l 8)> `l oh `lo hkvl+' H gkqlo `lo u|loi lo hkvl pklgl |ghbhuh luzleâakeh
 ψ
 Hi
eig |gh zvlukõg hfuio|ph
 Z 
 Hi
{ |gh plbzlvhp|vh/ phbfkëg hfuio|ph/ `l
P 
 Hi
' Lo hkvl { lomloki z|l`lg eiguk`lvhvul eibi nhulu k`lholu'h+
 
¹X|ë qio|blg `l Mloki `lfl eioiehvul zhvh x|l eibklgel h huelg`lv `lu`l lo u|loi9f+
 
Uk ul ol eioieh |g qio|blg `l
θ
Q 
/ eig :?
θ
?8 zlvi pho x|l lo qio|blg lu honi bh{iv x|l lo qio|blgbâgkbi gleluhvki zhvh x|l hueklg`h/ `lplvbkgl oh helolvhekõg qlvpkeho eig x|l lo hzhvhpi eibklgth hu|fkv'e+
 
U|zignh x|l lo huelgui `lo noifi lu olgpi `l bhglvh x|l lo Mloki `lo kgplvkiv uklbzvl ul lge|lgpvh hoh plbzlvhp|vh `l oh hpbõualvh x|l vi`lh ho noifi/ oh e|ho ul z|l`l u|ziglv eiguphgpl l kn|ho h oh x|lmh{ h gkqlo `lo u|loi' Lge|lgpvl |gh vlohekõg zhvh oh bhuh luzleâakeh `lo hkvl lg a|gekõg `l oh hop|vh'`+
 
Kg`kx|l oh hop|vh h oh e|ho ul oinvh x|l lo Mloki kgaol piphoblgpl lo lgqiopivki'l+
 
Ehoe|ol oh a|lvth glph pipho `lo hzhvhpi lg lul biblgpi'a+
 
Ehoe|ol oh hop|vh h oh e|ho ul hoehgth lo lx|kokfvki lg luhu eig`kekiglu'n+
 
Hghokel oh uln|vk`h` `l |g hzhvhpi eibi lo `luevkpi mhfklg`i hoehgth`i oh hop|vh `l lx|kokfvki' Lgzhvpke|ohv kg`kx|l x|ë ie|vvl uk luphg`i lg eig`kekiglu `l lx|kokfvki lu `luzohth`i qlvpkehoblgpl'
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Vlu|blg `l Bhplvkh
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