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aPriL 2008
sHarK DecLines in tHemeDiterranean sea
study ugget the Mediterranean seamay be loing large predatory hark.
a sUmmary oF neW scientiFic anaLysis:
F, F., m, r.a., s, F., d L, H.K. 2008. L  lg pd hk  hmd s.
Conservation Biology.
PoPULations oF LarGe sHarKs  dlg   p  h wld, ludg h md s wh hu hv b fhg  hud  . thhk  hd wh x bu  vfhg, hb dgd, d lwv . th l  hk    bu h pl ul l  pd  . Hwv, g  dful bu h  gll  lk   bu hk ppul, pll  h md.F F d h -uh ud ppul d  lg hk vh l 200   h md s, wh   h lg d l dl hk  hv ud. th  ud h ll p udd dd b h 97 p  ub d h wgh v . th fdg ugg vlmd hk p   k  x, pll  u lvl  fhgpu u. th
Lenfest Ocean Program Research Series
p   u  hud’ fdg.
 reseArch series
 
meDiterranean sHarKs
th md s h  lg h   u u. i fh hv dllgd  hgh-vlu p, ludg u d wdfh. Hwv, -gd p, uh hk, hv l b ugh ull  fhg g (lld “bh”). F xpl, plglgl fhg  hgh-vlu fh uh  wdfh  pu lg ub  hk  bh.F-v p  hk lv  h md s,  whh 20  dd ppd. Hll, h hk w ud hughu h s. Hwv, l ll  h lghk  h md hv dd  bud bu  udd pu  p fh, gd hk fhg, d hu ppul pu  l .a phv g pg  fh h b dful  pl  h md- bu  h l (ll d lld) u   fh d h lg ub  u bdg h s. D  ppul  fh wh pvd lw vlu, uh  hk, v  dful  b. th  ul  h l  ll-fhd hk p h md s.
table 1: Data sets, stuDy areas, anD types of sharks useD in the analysisMeDiterranean sharksanD the iuCn reD list 
th blu, h hhd, dhh hk w lfd “Vulbl” dg  h liUcn-Wld cv Urd L c  x k.tw kl hk, pbgld hf k, w lfd “cll edgd”. mh lg hk  lfd “D Df”.
Fishing gearGeographic area(timespan)Groups of sharksSource of information
sghgdad s(1827–2000)mkl;HhdPublhd dtupths(1898–1922)thh; mkl;HhdFh lgbktupLgus(1950–2006)thh; mkl;Blu; HhdFh lgbkswdfhplg lgli s(1978–1999)thh; mkl;Blu; HhdPublhd dPlg lgls  sl(1979–2001)mkl; Blu;Hhdofl   Vll’ whllfh kswdfhplg lglsphmdw (1979–2004)thh; mkl;Blu; HhdPublhd dswdfhplg lglad s(1984–1999)BluPublhd dswdfhplg lglLgu s(1990–1998)thh; mkl;BluPublhd dBg g d dl fhgad s(1995–2006)thhyh–lub lgbk
 
stUDy metHoDs
F d h llgu ud  d u  d  lul bud d b (  h wgh,  klg) d v . th ludd   fh’h lgbk, hk ldg, p  uu, d vul ghg  h w ( tbl 1).i  h p w ud l   ud  w   d  d  h h wh h d . ol fv p  hk d uf   l, ludgh blu hk (
Prionace glauca
),  hh hk p (
 Alopias vulpinus
), w kl hk p(
Lamna nasus
d
Isurus oxyrinchus
), d  hhd hk p (
Sphyrna zygaena
). th uhbd h w kl hk p  h l bu  bgu    h d gdg p df.Ug h d, F d h -uh d  p hg  bud db v   h hk p  gup  h  vl g  h md s( tbl 1 d Fgu 1). th uh h bd h   ul  gl   hg  hk ppul  ll ud   h md ( tbl 2).
figure 1: perCent Change in shark abunDanCe anD bioMassover tiMe in eaCh stuDy site in the MeDiterranean sea
THRESHER SHARKS
 Alopias vulpinus
 ADRIATIC 
 
SEAIONIAN
 
SEA
 
LIGURIAN
 
SEA
1
LIGURIAN
 
SEA
2
SPANISH
 
WATERSSTRAIT 
 
OF 
 
SICILY TYRRHENIAN
 
SEA
 ABUNDANCE
-81%-99%-95%-8%
N
/ 
 AN
/ 
 A
-93%
BIOMASSN
/ 
 A
-97%-41%
N
/ 
 A
-98%
N
/ 
 A
-19%
HAMMERHEAD SHARKS
Sphyrna zygaena
 ADRIATIC 
 
SEAIONIAN
 
SEA
 
LIGURIAN
 
SEASPANISH
 
WATERSSTRAIT 
 
OF 
 
SICILY TYRRHENIAN
 
SEA
 ABUNDANCE
-68%>-99%>-99%
N
/ 
 AN
/ 
 A
-95%
BIOMASSN
/ 
 A
>-99%>-99%>-99%>-99 %-90%
BLUE SHARKS
Prionace glauca
 ADRIATIC 
 
SEAIONIAN
 
SEA
 
LIGURIAN
 
SEA
1
LIGURIAN
 
SEA
2
SPANISH
 
WATERSSTRAIT 
 
OF 
 
SICILY TYRRHENIAN
 
SEA
 ABUNDANCE
-7%-74%
>-99%-66%
N
/ 
 AN
/ 
 AN
/ 
 ABIOMASS
-35%-83%>-99%-79%>-99%-99%
N
/ 
 A
MACKEREL SHARKS
Isurus oxyrinchusLamna nasus
 ADRIATIC 
 
SEAIONIAN
 
SEA
 
LIGURIAN
 
SEA
1
LIGURIAN
 
SEA
2
SPANISH
 
WATERSSTRAIT 
 
OF 
 
SICILY TYRRHENIAN
 
SEA
 ABUNDANCE
-99%-99%>-99%343.18%
N
/ 
 AN
/ 
 A
-83%
BIOMASSN
/ 
 A
>-99%>-99%92%-99%-92%-73%
Sicily SardiniaBaleric IslandsSPAINFRANCEITALY GREECETUNISIA
EUROPE
 MaltaCorsica
0200 Miles
 M
e
d 
i 
t 
e 
r 
r 
a 
n 
e 
a 
n  
S 
e 
a 
IonianSeaLigurianSeaTyrrhenianSea AdriaticSeaStraitof Sicily Spanishwaters
LUCIDITY
 
INFORMATION
 
DESIGN
,
LLC
1
DATA
 
FROM
 
TUNA
 
TRAP 
2
DATA
 
FROM
 
SWORDFISH
 
PELAGIC 
 
LONGLINE
of 00

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