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3D Modeling and Drawing Fundamentals (Graphing Communication)
December 2
nd
, 2011
Overview:-
 
Mechanical Drafting/Drawings-
 
Drawing Fundamentals
o
 
Engineering & Technical Drawings
o
 
Handouts & Exercises
o
 
 Working Drawings
o
 
Dimension & Tolerance-
 
Introduction to Good Modeling PracticesMechanical Drafting/Drawings-
 
CAD does not replace mechanical 2D drawings-
 
2D drawings are the primary graphical communication method-
 
Helps in any field
o
 
Standard for most companies-
 
Standards exist to unify communication methods
o
 
Ensure consistency in understanding and interpretation-
 
3D models are not the deliverable product-
 
2D drawings for production are important, 3D doesn’t matter without 2DIntroduction-
 
 The need for standardization
o
 
Rules, nothing is up for interpretation-
 
US – established by the American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME-
 
International Organization for Standardization sets worldwide standards Technical Drawings-
 
Description of shape, size, features, and precision of physical objects-
 
Other information given in an easily recognizable way to anyone familiar with engineering drawings-
 
Principally used in FRC-
 
 Applicable across many fieldsPictorial Drawings-
 
Like photographs-
 
Show objects as they would appear to the eye of the observer
 
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Not used for technical designs because the interior features and detail are better seen withorthographic drawings-
 
3 types
o
 
Oblique – front face flat, 45 degree sides
o
 
Perspective – vanishing points
o
 
Isometric – 30, 60, 90 degree lines (most common)-
 
Orthographic Projection-
 
Method to convey information about all features (hidden and invisible) of a part-
 
Front view, right side view, top view, etc-
 
Systematically arranged on drawing sheet, projected from one another-
 
Understand and visualize object-
 
 Applied in four angles or systems Third Angle Projection-
 
Imagine shape in glass box (top view is top of box, front view is front of box, etc)
o
 
“Open”/“unfold” box-
 
Six principle views (show less/more depending on symmetry of object)
o
 
Front view – center
o
 
 Top view - above
o
 
Bottom – below 
o
 
Left – left
o
 
Right – right
o
 
Back (rear) – extreme left / rightISO Projection Symbol-
 
 Tow systems of orthographic projections
o
 
Must clarify which is being used
o
 
 Adjacent to title block on drawing Line Types-
 
 Visible lines
o
 
 Thick solid line, stands out, makes shape of object obviousHidden Lines-
 
Series of short dashes, varies by size, illustrates interior features, show true shape, may beomitted to preserve clarity -
 
 To show continuity – leave gap before line-
 
If it is a separates surface, don’t leave a gap
 
Circular Features-
 
 Appear circular in only one view -
 
No line is used to indicate where curved meets flat-
 
Hidden circles represented by hidden (dashed circle) and center lines (cross with long dash – short dash – long dash both ways)-
 
Often only two view required for circular/cylindrical partsDrawing Views and Sheets-
 
How many are required?
o
 
 As many as necessary to clearly show all features, sections, details and dimensions tofully explain the part and tolerances required to make it
o
 
Some “simple” parts can take many sheets with dozens of views to ensure completedefinitionSection Views-
 
“cut” the part in half to show interior details-
 
Use double-dash – long segment – double – dashSection Lining -
 
Use hash marks to show that it is cut (like saw marks in a cut), parallel lines 45 degrees toprinciple of the cut Types of Sections-
 
Full Section-
 
Half/Partial Section-
 
Offset PectionDimensioning -
 
Extension lines, dimension lines, leaders, arrowheads, figures, notes symbols-
 
Come off part you are trying to dimension, arrow heads point to feature you aredimensioning -
 
Define geometrical characteristic (distances, diameters, angles, locations-
 
Lines used are thin in contrast to object outline-
 
Clear and concise (no ambiguity)-
 
No redundant dimensions – don’t put two dimensions per featurePlacement of dimensions-
 
Unidirectional (preferred-
 
 Aligned (with feature that is dimensioned, will go sideways sometime)
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