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The Logic of AristotleByAnthony J. Fejfar, B.A., J.D., Esq., Coif ©Copyright 2010 by Anthony J. Fejfar Aristotelian Logic is based upon Logical Foundationalism. LogicalFoundationalism proves that Logic is Valid starting with sense experience, proving that you cannot have “(A)pple” in your left hand at the same time asyou have “not (A)pple” in your left hand. By Logical Analogy, then, youcannot have “A” at the same time and place that you have “not A”.Similarly, if you are not permitted to start with sense experience, then, youcan simply use the idea in your mind or imagination that you cannot have“A” and “not A” at the same time in the same place. In either case, if youtry to assert that you can have “A” and “not A” at the same time and in thesame place, this results in a Logical Contradiction which is supposed to beimpossible. Therefore, where a Logical Contradiction is present, it is clear that a false or fallacious or illogical or irrational or unreasonable manner of arguing, or making a statement, or presenting a proof, is present.Once we have shown, and then seen, that a proof, a statement, anargument, are invalid and or wrong, if a Logical Contradiction is involved,then, we can use this to prove that certain types of arguments, or proofs, or 
 
statements, are illogical or false or fallacious, and thus cannot be used.Thus, several logical fallacies are ruled out as illegal arguments: TheFallacy of Shifting Ground, the Fallacy of Hypocricy, the Fallacy of Lying,the Fallacy of Assuming the Consequent, the Inductive Fallacy, The Fallacyof Appealing to an Authority, the Fallacy of Vouching, etc.Next, logically, we are permitted to use mathematics to derive other logical principles. Thus, we can prove the Validity of Analogical Logicusing Math Fractions. Thus, “A is to B as C is to D” or “1 is to 2 as 2 is to 4, and, “2 is to 4 as 4 is to 8” using symbols:“2 : 4 @ 4 : 8”, etc. Next, logically, we are permitted to use mathematics to prove the NaturalLaw Principle of Proportionality. Thus, “1 is to 1 as 2 is to 2, and,“1 : 1 @ 2 : 2”, and, “4 : 4 as 8 : 8”. All of these Math Equationsdemonstrate Perfect Proportionality. Thus, we can also derive,“damages is to damaged” as “punishment is to harm”, as both ethical andlegal principles.Next, logically, we are permitted to use mathematics to prove the Natural Law Principle of Reciprocity. Thus, “1 is to 2 as 2 is to 1” and,“1 : 2 @ 2 : 1” and, “2 : 4 @ 4 : 2” and, 4 : 8 @ 8 : 4”. From theforegoing mathematical principle of reciprocity we can derive the ethical
 
and legal principle of Reciprocity, also known as the Golden Rule, which is,“Treat Another as you would wish to be treated in Similar Circumstances.”Next, we can derive the Principle of Utility, or Maximization of Value.The Principle of Utility provides that, as a general rule, a rational personchooses to have more, rather than less, of quality goods or services.Moreover, as a general rule, a rational person chooses to experience pleasurerather than pain. Moreover, as a general rule, a rational person chooses tohave meaningful happiness rather than to suffer. The foregoing is logicallyand empirically provable by presenting a group of persons with certainchoices, such as, having good food to eat on a regular basis, rather thanstarving to death; having a warm home to sleep in, in the winter, rather than being outside and freezing to death; choosing the good rather than evil;choosing The Good rather than Evil, etc.Next, since a logical principle or rule has only reasonable scope andapplication, it is logically permitted following the Principle of Equity, tomake a reasonable, or logical, or equitable exception to a rule or principle, based upon great need, in order to avoid an illogical, unreasonable, or absurdresult, given the foregoing Logical, Ethical, and Legal Principles.Next, in order to properly evaluate an argument, a proof, or a statement,often it is required that you make the person who is asserting the argument,
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