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SHAH ABDUL LATIF UNIVERSITY KHAIRPUR 
ONION
INTRODUCTION
Onion is most widely used vegetable in the world afterpotato. It is used in almost every food. Especially theonion is widely used in the foods of South Asia. It canbe said as cultural food item for the south Asians.Due to this reason onion is being cultivated on thevest area of country as compared to other vegetables.Onion is cultivated on vast land in the Pakistan andother favorable part of the world. The production ofthe onion is between 15 to 20 lac ton every year in thePakistan. It is cultivated on 4 lac acres of land.According to the statistics of the agriculturedepartment of Pakistan mostly the onion is cultivatedin sindh, 40% of the onion is cultivated in sindh, 35,15, and 12 in Baluchistan, Punjab and NWFPrespectively. It is cultivated in different season inthe province; there is no any season, in which onion isnot being cultivated in the Pakistan, in Punjab itsharvest is in the end of January or in the end ofFebruary or March. The onion is cultivated in kussar,wiharry, khaniwl, multan and shekupura districts ofthe Punjab, but the seed of onion, which is cultivated
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SHAH ABDUL LATIF UNIVERSITY KHAIRPUR 
in the Punjab is taken from the crops of the sindh. Insindh its harvest is in april, may, June and July. Insindh onion is cultivated in Hyderabad, sanghar,mirpurkhas, and nawabshah. These areas are veryfamous for cultivation of onion in sindh. In NWFPSwat, der, upper malakand, chersenda, and mahndaagency are cultivable area for the onion. InBaluchistan, chagi, kalot, faran, mutoongand andkuzdar are cultivable areas for the onion. It is beingtransported to the market throughout the fourprovinces of Pakistan. Following is the list of theprices of the onion year wise:YearAverage price19995 Rupees2000920014200282003620041020058200630In 2006, 30 rupees are average price, but the onionhas touched 60 rupees per kilo during the year 2006.
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SHAH ABDUL LATIF UNIVERSITY KHAIRPUR 
Regarding this data the prices of the onion hasincreased up to 300%.
INTRODUCTION (Scientific)
Onion, common name for any of a genus of biennialherbs, of the lily family, native to Asia but cultivatedin temperate and subtropical regions for thousands of years. The true onion is a bulb-bearing plant. Its long,hollow leaves with thickened bases make up most ofthe bulb. The white or pink flowers, which are bornein umbels, have six sepals, six petals, six stamens, anda solitary pistil. In the varieties known as top onions,the flowers are supplanted by bulblets, which may begrown to obtain new plants. The plant containssulfurous, volatile oils that give it a characteristicpungent taste; one component readily dissolves inwater to produce sulfuric acid, which may be producedin the eyes and induce tears.Onions are one of the most versatile vegetables. Theyare eaten raw in salads, are cooked or pickled in avariety of ways, and are used as a flavoring orseasoning. Dehydrated onion products provide popularflavorings for soups and stews.
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