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Preventing MusculoskeletalInjury
 
(MSI) for Musicians and Dancers
 
A Resource Guide
 
June 6, 2002
Preventing Musculoskeletal Injury (MSI) for Musicians and Dancers 
 
1
 
About SHAPE
 
SHAPE (Safety and Health in Arts Production and Entertainment) is an industry associationdedicated to promoting health and safety in film and television production, theatre, dance,music,
 
and other performing arts industries in British Columbia. SHAPE providesinformation,
 
education, and other services that help make arts production and entertainmentworkplaces
 
healthier and safer.
 
For more information, contact:
 
SHAPE (Safety and Health in Arts Production and Entertainment)
 
Suite 280–1385 West 8th Avenue
 
Vancouver, BC V6H 3V9
 
Phone: 604 733-4682 in the Lower Mainland
 
1 888 229-1455 toll-free
 
Fax: 604 733-4692
 
E-mail: info@shape.bc.ca
 
Web site: www.shape.bc.ca
 
© 2002 Safety and Health in Arts Production and Entertainment (SHAPE). All rightsreserved.
 
SHAPE encourages the copying, reproduction, and distribution of this document to promotehealth and safety in the workplace, provided that SHAPE is acknowledged. However, no partof 
 
this publication may be copied, reproduced, or distributed for profit or other commercialenterprise, nor may any part be incorporated into any other publication, without writtenpermission of SHAPE.
 
National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data
 
Robinson, Dan.
 
Preventing musculoskeletal injury (MSI) for musicians and dancers : a resource guide
 
Writers: Dan Robinson, Joanna Zander and B.C. Research. Cf. Acknowledgments.
 
Includes bibliographical references: p.
 
ISBN 0-7726-4801-8
 
1. Musculoskeletal system - Wounds and injuries - Prevention. 2. Entertainers - Wounds
 
and injuries - Prevention. 3. Musicians - Wounds and injuries - Prevention. 4. Dancing
 
injuries - Prevention. I. Zander, Joanna. II. Safety and Health in Arts Production and
 
Entertainment (Organization). III. B.C. Research. III. Title.
 
1
 
RD97.8.A77R62 2002 617.4'704452 C2002-960144-4
Preventing Musculoskeletal Injury (MSI) for Musicians and Dancers 
 
2
 
Acknowledgments
 
Thanks to the members of SHAPE’s Special Committee on Musculoskeletal Injury forhelping
 
develop and review this resource guide and to the organizations they represent:
 
• Burt Harris, Pacific Music Industry Association
 
• Day Helesic, Canadian Alliance of Dance Artists, BC Chapter
 
• Jennifer Mascall, The Dance Centre
 
• Gene Ramsbottom, Vancouver Musicians’ Association, Local 145, American Federation of 
 
Musicians of the United States and Canada
 
Thanks also to:
 
• Dan Robinson, Joanna Zander, and BC Research (researching and writing)
 
• Rob Jackes, Linda Kinney, and Robyn Carrigan of SHAPE (coordinating and reviewing)
 
• Kevin Sallows (coordinating and editing)
 
• David Harrington of the Lynn Valley Orthopaedic and Sports Physiotherapy Centre
 
(reviewing)
 
• Workers’ Compensation Board (WCB) of British Columbia (reviewing)
 
Thanks to the WCB for their permission to use source material from WCB health and safety
 
publications, including the lifting illustration on page 29.
Preventing Musculoskeletal Injury (MSI) for Musicians and Dancers 
 
3
 
Contents
 
About this resource guide...................................................................................................3Who should read this resource guide...................................................................................4
Background
………………………………………………………………………5
What is musculoskeletal injury (MSI)?
 
Risk factorsGeneral prevention and treatmentReferences
 
Dancers and musculoskeletal injury (MSI)
…………………………………….9
OverviewPreventing musculoskeletal injury for dancers
 
Treating musculoskeletal injury for dancers
 
Nutrition
 
Bone injuriesReferences
 
Musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) prevalent in performers
………………………24
Overview
 
Jaw and head injuries: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction.
 
2
 
Shoulder injuries (rotator cuff injuries)
 
Shoulder injuries: Rotator cuff tearsShoulder injuries: Shoulder impingement syndrome
 
Hand and arm injuries: Carpal tunnel syndrome
 
Hand and arm injuries: Cubital tunnel syndrome
 
Hand and arm injuries: Thoracic outlet syndromeHand and arm injuries: De Quervain’s syndromeHand and arm injuries: Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)Hand and arm injuries: Medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)
 
Hand and arm injuries: Focal dystoniaJoint injuries: ArthritisHip injuries: Snapping hip syndrome (tight iliotibial band)
 
Knee injuries
 
Knee injuries: Patellofemoral pain
 
Knee injuries: Knee sprains and strains
 
Knee injuries: Meniscus tears
 
Back and neck injuriesBack and neck injuries: Spondylolysis
 
Back and neck injuries: Back and neck pain
 
Lower leg and ankle injuries
 
Lower leg and ankle injuries: Shin splints, stress fractures, and stress reactions
 
Lower leg and ankle injuries: Ankle sprains
 
Lower leg and ankle injuries: Posterior impingement syndrome (dancer’s heel).
 
Lower leg and ankle injuries: Anterior impingement syndrome
 
Lower leg and ankle injuries: Achilles tendinitisLower leg and ankle injuries: Subtalar subluxationFoot and toe injuriesFoot and toe injuries: Stress fractures of the second metatarsalFoot and toe injuries: Fractures of the fifth metatarsal (dancer’s fracture)
 
Foot and toe injuries: Cuboid subluxation
 
Foot and toe injuries: Flexor hallucis longus tendinitis
 
Foot and toe injuries: BlistersFoot and toe injuries: Bunions
 
Foot and toe injuries: Toenail injuries
 
Index
3
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