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FEOLOŠEK POABO]CKE‗ zfybkck eoak wf q}hckĂco eoykwzf v lfnkwlhzk}k k pyhewk h eoak wfojcowf ch feolonkav v Ũkyfb wbkwlv
Feolonkah $Fgolon{+ k oeolkŨ $Fc}kyocbfcz+ ckwv kwzoqchĂckgf, eheo wf zo zyfcvzco v pyhewk w}f }kŨfeoykwzk# Wzonh yhjk lheŨfn yhqvbkaf}hcah yhqlkef kqbfĘv cakd v chwzh}ev af pocvĘfco cfeolkeojfmkckgkah o}kd poabo}h pyfvqfzkd kq yhqlkĂkzkd kq}oyh#Fgolon{
kw zdf iyhcgd om wgkfcgf zdhz wzvjkfw zdf jkwzykivzkoc hcj hivcjhcgf om lk}kcn oynhckwbw, hcj zdfkczfyhgzkocw ifz~ffc oynhckwbw hcj zdfky fc}kyocbfcz# Zdf fc}kyocbfcz om hc oynhckwb kcglvjfw iozd kzwpd{wkghl dhikzhz, ~dkgd ghc if jfwgykifj hw zdf wvb om loghl hikozkg mhgzoyw lkef glkbhzf hcj nfolon{, hw ~fllhw zdf ozdfy oynhckwbw ~dkgd wdhyf kzw dhikzhz# Zdf zfyb ofeolonkf ~hw gokcfj kc 84== i{ zdf Nfybhcikolonkwz, Fycwz Dhfgefl, myob zdf Nyffe okeow bfhckcn )dovwfdolj) hcj lonow bfhckcn )wzvj{
Feolonkah
af nyhch qchcowzk eoah pyovĂh}h jkwzykivgkav k vĂfwzhlowz ųk}kd oynhckqhbh, zf kczfyhegkav kqbfĘvoynhckqhbh k cakdo}on oeolkŨh# OeolkŨ afjcon oynhckqbh velavĂvaf eheo cafno}o mkqkĂeo wzhckŨzf, eoaf wfboųf opkwhzk eho wvbh loehlckd hikozwekd mhezoyh eho Ũzo wv elkbh k nfolonkah, zheo k owzhlkd oynhckqhbh eoakjkaflf cafno}o wzhckŨzf# Zfybkc feolonkah pozkĂf kq 8;4=# nojkcf oj cafbhĂeon ikolonh Fycwzh Dhfgeflh, hchwzho af oj nyĂekd ykafĂk okeow eoah qchĂk evĎh k lonow eoah qchĂk chveh#
Fc}kyocbfcz "
Zdf gobpocfczw om zdf fhyzd zdhz kcglvjf1 $k+ hky, lhcj hcj ~hzfy5 $kk+ zdf lh{fyw om zdfhzbowpdfyf5 $kkk+ oynhckg hcj kcoynhckg bhzzfy hcj lk}kcn oynhckwbw5 $k}+ zdf kczfyhgzkcn w{wzfbw zdhz kcglvjfgobpocfczw yfmfyyfj zo kc $k+ zo $kkk+5 hcj $}+ zdf wogko"fgocobkg, fc}kyocbfczhl dfhlzd, gvlzvyhl hcj ozdfy kzfbw yfmfyyfj zo kc zdf jfmkckzkoc om fc}kyocbfczhl fmmfgz
OeolkŨ
pyfjwzh}lah eobpocfczf Qfblaf eoaf velavĂvav1 $k+ qyhe, qfblakŨzf k }ojv, $kk+ wloaf}f hzbowmfyf5 $kkk+oynhcwev k hcoynhcwev bhzfykav k ųk}f oynhckqbf5 $k}+ wkwzfbf kczfyhegkaf eoak velavĂvav eobpocfczf eoaf wfojcowf ch $k+ jo $k}+5 zf wogkofeocobwef, qjyh}wz}fcf, evlzvyhlcf k jyvnf wzh}ef ch eoaf wf poqk}h vjfmkckgkah oeolkŨck vĂkche#
Fc}kyocbfcz
kw zdf gobplft wfz om pd{wkghl, nfonyhpdkg, ikolonkghl, wogkhl, gvlzvyhl hcj polkzkghl gocjkzkocwzdhz wvyyovcj hc kcjk}kjvhl oy oynhckwb hcj zdhz vlzkbhzfl{ jfzfybkcfw kzw moyb hcj chzvyf om kzw wvy}k}hl#
OeolkŨ
pyfjwzh}lah eobplfewhc wfz mkqkĂekd, nfonyhmwekd, ikoloŨekd, wogkalhckd, evlzvyhlckd k polkzkĂekd v}afzh eoakoeyvųvav cfev kcjk}kjvv klk oynhckqhb k eoak ojyfĘvav cafcv moybv k pykyojv cafcon opwzhceh#
Fc}kyocbfcz
kw wvyyovcjkcnw kc ~dkgd hc oynhckqhzkoc opfyhzfw, kcglvjkcn hky, ~hzfy, lhcj, chzvyhlyfwovygfw, mloyh, mhvch, dvbhcw hcj zdfky kczfyyflhzkoc#
OeolkŨ
af oeyvųfcaf v eoafb cfeh oynhckqhgkah jaflvaf, velavĂvavĎk qyhe, }ojv, qfblakŨzf, pykyojcf yfwvywf,mloyv, mhvcv, lavjf k cakdo} bfĘvojcow#
H
HYDVWEH EOC]FCGKAH " EOC]FCGKAH O PYKWZVPV KCMOYBHGKAHBH, WVJAFLO]HCAV AH]COWZKV JOCOŠFCAV OJLVEH K PYKWZVPV PYH]OWVĐV V OEOLKCWEKB PKZHCAKBH, Hhydvw 97"96# avch8;;4# nojkcf# Qhdzaf}k o}f eoc}fcgkaf wv18wz}hyhcaf pyh}ckd k jyvnkd pyfzpowzh}ek qh wpyo}oĘfcaf ojyfjik eoc}fcgkaf5wpyh}o ch kcmoybkwhcaf v oilhwzk oeolkcf5pvĂfŨĎf ah}cowzk v bhzfykak }fqhcoa qh oeolkcv5vpykwzvp pyh}owvĘv v oilhwzk oeolkcf#
 
Iowch k Dfygfno}kch aoŨ v}kafe ckaf vw}oaklh o}ha, qh owz}hyk}hcaf lavjwekd pyh}h v oilhwzk ųk}ozcf wyfjkcf }yloqchĂhahc joevbfcz#
HNFCJH 98
‗ pyonyhb qh 98# }kafe, vw}oafc oj wzyhcf 8>; jyųh}h, afjhc oj pfz joevbfchzh eoak wvjocfwfck ch BfĘvchyojcoa eocmfyfcgkak qh oeolkcv k yhq}oa ojyųhcoa v Yko jf Ųhcfkyv, 8;;9# nojkcf#
HEGKJFCZ ‗
poah}h cfoĂfek}hcon klk cfjoq}olafcon jonhĘhah#
IIHQFLWEH EOC]FCGKAH O YFNVLKWHCAV PYFEONYHCKČCON PYOBFZH OPHWCON OZPHJH KCAFNO]OB OJLHNHCAV "
Ihwfl, 99# bhyz 8;4;# nojkcf# Pyfjwzh}lah pojwzkgha qh pyokq}oĘhĂf v gklavwbhcafcah chwzhceh ozphjh eoj cakdo}kd pyokq}ojh klk qh pyokq}ojcav pyokq}ojh Ăkakb Ďf wf eoykŨzfcafbwbhcakzk eolkĂkch ozphjh#
IFČEH EOC]FCGKAH O QHŠZKZK OQOCWEON OBOZHČH ‗
IfĂ, 99# bhyz 8;46# nojkcf, bfĘvchyojckvno}oy Ăkak af gkla pojvqkbhcaf ojno}hyhavĎkd bafyh yhjk qhŨzkzf lavjweon qjyh}lah k oeolkcf oj Ũzfzckdpowlafjkgh jo eoakd jolhqk klk boųf joĎk oj hezk}cowzk Ăo}afeh eoaf bojkmkgkyhav, klk }afyo}hzco bonv bojkmkgkyhzkoqocwek obozhĂ#
IKOLOŠEH YHQCO]YWCOWZ ‗
w}fvevpcowz ųk}kd oynhckqhbh eoah oivd}hzh yhqco}ywcowz vcvzhy }ywzh,kqbfĘv }ywzh k feowkwzfbh ch ojyfĘfcob pyowzoyv#
GGY]FCH LKWZH "
$8+ popkw vnyoųfckd ųk}ozkcawekd }ywzh jhz po jyųh}hbh5 $9+ lkwzh oj 97 ophwcf z}hyk eoaf wfkwpvŨzhav v }ojv ojyfĘfcf oj VE eoak zyfih jh wf bkckbkqkyhav eoykŨzfcafb IHZCFFG pykcgkph5 $7+ popkw}ywzh ophwcon ozphjh pyfbh Jkyfezk}k o ozphjv FV#
ČČKWZH ZFDCOLONKAH "
zfdcolonkah wh ckwekb ck}oob fbkwkaf qhnhĘvavĎkd bhzfykah#
ČKŠčH PYOKQ]OJCAH "
cfpyfekjch pykbafch kczfnyhlcf pyf}fczk}cf oeolkcwef wzyhzfnkaf ch pyogfw,pyokq}oj k vwlvnv yhjk po}fĎhcah w}fvevpcf fmkehwcowzk k yfjvegkaf ykqkeh po lavjf k oeolkcv#pPyogfw pyokq}ojcaf " velavĂvaf oĂv}hcaf wk"yo}kch, }ojf k fcfynkaf, flkbkckwhcaf zoewkĂckd k ophwckdwkyo}kch k wbhcafcah eolkĂkcf k zoewkĂcowzk fbkwkah k ozphjh ch kq}oyv#wPyokq}ojk " wzhyhzfnkah wf moevwkyh ch oeolkcwekb vzkghakbh jvų Ăkzh}on ųk}ozcon gkelvwh pyokq}ojh, ojfewzyhegkaf wkyo}kch ph jo eyhacafn ojlhnhcah pyokq}ojh#fVwlvnf " moevwkyh kceoypoyhgkav oeolkcwef }h"ųcowzk v pyoafezo}hcaf k kwpoyvĂk}hcaf vwlvnf#ČkŨĎh pyokq}ojcah zyhųk bkafcahcaf ojcowh, ojno}oyco oeolkcweo vpyh}lahcaf k }yfjco}hcaf zfdcoloŨekdopgkah#
 
Gkla ĂkŨĎf pyokq}ojcaf ch py}ob bafwzv af, vopĎf, kqiafnh}hcaf qhnhĘk}hcah# O}h wzyhzfnkah wckųh}hzyoŨeo}f, wbhcavaf ykqke k kjfczkmkgkyh co}f bonvĎcowzk# ČkŨĎh pyokq}ojcah boųf ikzk afjhc oj jafloz}oyckakdchĂkch jh wf jaflvaf ch pyogfw, pyokq}ojcav pyokq}ojh k pyvųhcaf vwlvnh#
ČKŠčFCAF CH EYHAV PYOGFWH "
ĂkŨĎfcaf nhwo}h klk }ojh vyfĘhakbh qh pyfĂkŨĎh}hcaf ch eyhavzfdcoloŨeon pyogfwh $vbafwzo v}oĘfcah bhlo" klk cf"qhnhĘvavĎkd zfdcolonkah+#
JJFPOCKAH "
bafwzo njaf wf }yŨk ojlhnhcaf ozphjh# OikĂco wf yhqlkevav jfpockaf eobvchlcon ozphjh kjfpockaf kcjvwzykaweon ozphjh# Veolkeo wf yhjk o cfeoczyolkwhcob ojlhnhcav, v pyogfwv zyvlafcah oynhcwekdbhzfykah, jolhqk jo qhnhĘk}hcah }ojf k qyheh, zf Ũkyfcaf qhyhqh pvzfb pvzfb ųk}ozkcah $pzkgf, nlojhyk###+#Eoczyolkwhco ojlhnhcaf wf }yŨk ch whckzhyckb jfpockahbh#
 
JKYFEZK]H "
oilke po}fqk}hcah lfnkwlhzk}f F}yopwef qhafjckgf vpvĎfc w}kb jyųh}hbh Ălhckghbh klk pocfehjwhbo cfekb# Jyųh}cf jkyfezk}f qhdzkaf}hav oj ockd eoakbh wv vpvĎfcf jh pyfjvqbv zhe}f bafyf eoaf wvcfopdojcf jh ik wf powzknho gkla eoak af qhdzaf}hc oj F}yopwef qhafjckgf v ojyfĘfcob pfykojv# Bfzoj eoakbwf gklaf}k jowzkųv qh}kwk oj ockd eoakbh af vpvĎfc, boųf qchĂkzk co}k jobhĎk qheoc klk kqbafcf k jopvcfpowzoafĎkd qheoch klk/k hjbkckwzyhzk}ckd ojyfjik#
JOIYH POLAOPYK]YFJCH PYHEWH "
eocgfpz kjfczkmkehgkaf bafyh qh onyhckĂh}hcaf fbkwkaf hbockaheh vpolaopyk}yfjk eheo ik wf qhŨzkzklh oeolkch ch chafmfezk}ckak chĂkc#
JOIYH PYOKQ]OJCH PYHEWH "
pyh}klh o wzhcjhyjkbh klk pyopkwkbh eoaf zyfih pykbafcak}hzk v pyokq}ojcak,eoczyolk k jkwzykivgkak#
FFMFEHZ WZHELFCF IHŠZF "
poyhwz zfbpfyhzvyf qyheh v hzbowmfyk kqhq}hc wzhelfckĂekb nhwo}kbh#
FMLVFCZ "
$8+ w}hek mlvkj kwpvŨzfc kq kq}oyh v oeolkcv5 $9+ }ojh klk ozphjch }ojh kwpvŨzfch kq vyfĘhah qhpyfĂkŨĎh}hcaf }ojf, kcjvwzykawekd pyogfwh klk zhloųckeh#
FEO"FMKEHWCOWZ "
bafyh vpyh}lahĂeon pyogfwh Ăkak af gkla jh wf bhewkbkqkyh fmkehwcowz pyokq}ojconpyogfwh, h bkckbkqkyh cfnhzk}cf oeolkcwef vzkghaf# Feo"fmkehwcowz boųf wf powzkĎk eoykŨzfcafb co}kdzfdcolonkah wbhcafcafb kcpvzh po afjkckgk pyokq}ojh, eho Ũzo wv fcfynkah k }ojh, fmkehwckaob yfgkelhųob kwbhcafcafb fbkwkah zoewkĂckd bhzfykah# KqyhĂvch}h wf eho ojcow joikzk $klk joiyoikzk+ k oeolkcwekd vzkghah kzyoŨeo}h# PoiolaŨhcaf feo"fmkehwcowzk powzkųf wf k oynhckqhgkockb bafyhbh#
FEOLOŠEH CFWYFčH "
}hcjyfjck jonhĘha klk }ywzh jonhĘhah pyovqyoeo}hch jaflo}hcafb klk vzkghakbh eoakckwv poj chjqoyob k kbhav qh powlafjkgv vnyoųh}hcaf ųk}ozh klk qjyh}lah lavjk k v }fĎfb oikbv chcowf Ũzfzvoeolkck#
FEOLOŠEH/OEOLKCWEH OJYŲK]OWZ "
ojyųh}hcaf eobpocfczk k mvcegkah feowkwzfbh qh pozyfif ivjvĎkdnfcfyhgkah#
FEOLOŠEK PYKD]HZLAK]K PYOKQ]OJCK PYOGFWK K PYOKQ]OJK "
opĎk pykwzvp poloųhah oynhckqhgkaf chzyųkŨzv eoak wlvųk jh wf vehųf poloųha gfyzykmkgkyhcah " joehqk}hcah wfik k jyvnob o qhjo}olah}hcav qhdzaf"}hevpgh, }lhwzk, nyhĘhch, feolo"nkwzkĂekd poeyfzh, pyk}yfjcf eoboyf, chvef k jyvnkd#
FEOCOBWEK KCWZYVBFCZK $oeolkch+ "
v
 
zyhcqkgkak eh zyųcoa feocobkak cfopdojch af kbplfbfczhgkahzyųkŨckd bfdhckqhbh v qhŨzkzk oeolkcf# Jyųh}ch vpyh}h qhwco}hch ch plhckyhcav, eobhcjhbh k eoczyolk afwevph k cffmkehwch# Och qhdzkaf}h bcono ikyoeyhgkaf k vwpoyh}h lkĂco jocoŨfcaf ojlveh# Pojwzkghak ihqkyhckch zyųkŨzv, wkwzfb lkĂcf ojno}oycowzk k qhdzaf}k qh jh}hcaf kcmoybhgkah bonv $v ojyfĘfckb vwlo}kbh+ jo}fwzkjo feocobwek fmkehwcon wckųfcah qhnhĘk}hcah, wh bhcaf jkyfezckd kczfy}fcgkah oj wzyhcf }lhjf# Chpyfjhe vzyųkŨcob pykwzvpv lfųk v cafno}oa pyobkŨlafcowzk# ZyųkŨck bfdhckqbk joq}olah}hav qhnhĘk}hĂkbh jh ojlvĂfeheo Ďf k ehjh wckqkzk fbkwkav, pyk zobf ihlhcwkyhavĎk kqbfĘv zyoŨeo}h yfjvgkyhcah fbwkaf k zyoŨeo}hchwzh}lahcah fbkzo}hcah#
FEOWKWZFB "
mvcegkochlco afjkcwz}o ųk}ozcf qhafjckgf k cafcon wzhckŨzh, ojcowco ųk}f k cfųk}f pykyojf chojyfĘfcob pyowzoyv# W}f pykyojcf qhafjckgf klk nyvpf oynhckqhbh eoaf ųk}f qhafjco v kczfyhegkak wv afjck whjyvnkbh k Ăkcf qhz}oyfcv }fqv wh cakdo}ob oeolkcob# Qhafjckgh k oeolkch Ăkcf afjco " feowkwzfb# Poahbfeowkwzfb wf boųf pykbafckzk ch w}hev }flkĂkcv klk ck}o kqhiyhc qh kwpkzk}hcaf#
FBKWKAH "
kwpvŨzhcaf klk kwzafghcaf bhzfykaf v zfĂcob, nhwo}kzob klk Ă}ywzob wzhcav klk kwpvŨzhaf fcfynkaf $iveh,}kiyhgkah, yhjkahgkah, zoplozh+ eho k bkeyoikoloŨeh qhnhĘk}hcah kq ojyfĘfcon kq}oyh v oeolkcv#
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