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Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European PatentBulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with theImplementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has beenpaid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).
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EP1 591 356B1
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EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION
(45)
Date of publication and mentionof the grant of the patent:
24.12.2008Bulletin2008/52
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Application number:
05252627.4
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Date of filing:
27.04.2005
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Int Cl.:
B64B 1/62 
(2006.01) 
B64B 1/40 
(2006.01) 
B64B 1/06 
(2006.01) 
F04B 45/04 
(2006.01)
(54)
System for controlling the lift of an aircraft
Luftfahrzeugsauftriebs- Steuerungssystem
Système de contrôle de la force ascensionelle d’un aéronef(84)
Designated Contracting States:
AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GRHU IE IS IT LI LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR
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Priority:
27.04.2004GB 040931402.06.2004GB 041222016.06.2004GB 0413437
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Date of publication of application:
02.11.2005Bulletin2005/44
(73)
Proprietor:
Handley, Alan RoyStourbridge DY8 4NX (GB)
(72)
Inventor:
Handley, Alan RoyStourbridge DY8 4NX (GB)
(74)
Representative:
Somervell, Thomas RichardMarks & ClerkAlpha TowerSuffolk StreetQueenswayBirminghamB1 1TT (GB)
(56)
References cited:
WO-
A-
20/05081680FR-
A- 768 327FR-
A- 1 601 319US-
A- 5 368 067US-
A1- 2002 179 771
 
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Description
[0001]
The present invention relates to a system forcontrolling the lift of an aircraft. More particularly it relatesto a system for a controlling lift in an airship or balloonusing a lighter-
than air gas.
[0002]
Airships have the potential to carry large quan-tities of goods, or passengers. This potential is best re-alized in a rigid-
body airship, as opposed to the flexiblebody airship or blimp, because of the structural demandsplaced on the materials used.
[0003]
Airships have a problem in landing and load-carrying due to having a fixed displacement of air by light-er than air gas. Due to the usage of fuel during a flightthe airship gets lighter and because it has a fixed dis-placement the airship has to be powered down to earthby the use of the engines. It then involves many groundcrew to stabilize and secure it. Similarly, for balloons (forexample hot-
air balloons and Helium balloons) variables,such as air temperature, make the landing very difficultto control.
[0004]
FR 1.601.319 is considered as the best priorart as it discloses a system for controlling lift of an aircraft,comprising: an inflatable compartment for containing agas which is lighter than air; a receiver for receiving andstoring the gas in a compressed condition; and meansfor compressing the gas and transferring it from the in-flatable compartment into the receiver thus reducing thelift force on the aircraft.
[0005]
It is an object of the present invention to providea system that alleviates these problems. A further objectis to provide a controlled take off, flight, and landing forairships from ground level or other base without dispos-ing of ballast. This would give airships the ability to loadand unload whilst on the ground or base station.
[0006]
According to the present invention there is pro-vided a system for controlling lift of an aircraft as definedin claim 1 below.
[0007]
The system preferably further comprisesmeans for expanding the gas and transferring it from thereceiver into the inflatable container thus increasing thelift. A valve means may be provided for controlling thetransfer of the gas between the receiver and the inflatablecontainer. Preferably, the receiver is directly coupled tothe inflatable container via the valve means and themeans for compressing the gas, thereby providing aclosed system.
[0008]
The receiver may be a fixed dimension recep-tacle. Alternatively, the receiver may be an inflatable re-ceptacle, the inflatable container being manufacturedfrom a material that is more easily inflatable than the re-ceiver.
[0009]
In another embodiment, the aircraft is a rigid-body airship. The airship may comprise a metal shell,preferably of Aluminium. A variable displacement com-partment, containing air, may surround the inflatable con-tainer. An opening may be provided in the rigid aircraftfor air to pass into and out of the variable displacementcompartment when the inflatable container is inflated anddeflated.
[0010]
The system may employ a plurality of inflatablecontainers and variable displacement compartments,each inflatable container being housed within a respec-tive variable displacement compartment.
[0011]
The system may further comprise a fixed dis-placement compartment containing a gas, which is lighterthan air. This compartment provides a fixed lift to over-come the dead weight of the airship, with the variabledisplacement compartments being used to vary the lift.
[0012]
The gas is preferably an inert gas, more pref-erably Helium.
[0013]
The system of the invention is one in which theamount of lift is controlled by varying the amount of Airdisplaced by Helium (or other lighter than air gas). Thisis made possible by, but not exclusively, the use of atleast part of the airship having compartments that havefixed displacement and others that have variable dis-placements.
[0014]
In a related aspect, there is provided an aircraftlift control diaphragm compressor, comprising: first andsecond chambers having a common wall that comprisesa diaphragm; means for compressing a first gas in saidfirst chamber so as to displace said diaphragm towardssaid second chamber and compress a second, lighterthan air, gas therein; and valve means for controllingcharging of said second chamber with said second gasand discharging of said compressed second gas fromsaid second chamber.
[0015]
Due to the size of the helium molecule beingfar smaller than the constituents of air, it is difficult tocompress with standard piston compressors and so thisaspect of the invention concerns the application of thediaphragm pump or compressor for use in airships andballoons. The diaphragm pump or compressor has theadvantage that the unit is hermetically sealed from theoutside environment and therefore cannot let contami-nants in or the helium out to atmosphere once fitted intoa closed loop system.
[0016]
The means for compressing the first gas in thefirst chamber may comprise a positive displacementcompressor, which may be a piston having a reciprocat-ing motion, whereby the first gas in the first chamber isdecompressed by a return stroke of said piston, such thatthe second chamber is charged and discharged as a re-sult of movement of said diaphragm towards and awayfrom said second chamber during alternating strokes ofsaid piston in opposing directions.
[0017]
In a preferred embodiment, the diaphragm isconstructed of metal. This is advantageous because He-lium will not permeate through the metal as it wouldthrough, say, a polymer material.
[0018]
According to an embodiment of the present in-vention, the airship comprises: the system of claim 1; ashell for containing a lighter than air gas;
a plurality ofvariable displacement compartments within said shell,each variable displacement compartment having an as-12
 
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sociated inflatable container therein, and associatedmeans for expanding the gas and transferring it from thereceiver into the inflatable container so as to increasethe lift; and at least one opening in said shell for allowingair to pass into and out of each variable displacementcompartment.
[0019]
Embodiments of the present invention will nowbe described with reference to the accompanying draw-ings, in which:
Figures 1 and 2 show two conditions of a heliumballoon;Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of an airship; andFigure 4 is a sectional elevation of a diaphragmpump.
[0020]
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a Helium balloonhas an outer balloon envelope 1 and an inflatable receiver2. A valve station 3 and a compressor 4 are suspendedunderneath the balloon envelope 1. By the use of thecompressor 4, the lift gas can be transferred from theballoon envelope 1 into the receiver 2. The receiver 2could be an inflatable inner balloon (as shown in Figures1 and 2) that requires pressure to inflate, or a fixed di-mension receptacle (not shown).
One arrangement is to have the outer balloon envelope1 manufactured from a suitable material that needs verylittle pressure to inflate it, with the receiver 2 as a secondballoon either inside or outside the balloon envelope 1,but for this illustration will be described as inside. Thereceiver balloon 2 would be smaller and manufacturedfrom a material that would stretch upon inflation andwould require pressure to inflate it so as to reduce thevolume of the inflating gas. The receiver balloon 2 wouldbe directly coupled to the outer balloon 1 via the valvestation 3 and compressor 4 so as to complete a closedloop system.
[0021]
For pressure regulation, for example in re-sponse to the heating of the outer balloon 1 contents bythe sun or air temperature, this can be controlled by thetransfer of the lift gas from the outer envelope 1 to theinner balloon 2 or vice versa by the compressor 4 andvalves 3.
[0022]
The compressor 4 could be driven directly, ei-ther by an engine, or an electric motor powered from anengine driven electric generator or battery or both Thecontrol of the transfer of the lift gas could be manual orby programmable controller via a key-
pad or other sys-tem.
[0023]
The condition of the balloon shown in Figure 1provides a reduced lift. Part of the lift gas has been trans-ferred from the balloon envelope 1 into the receiver 2 andis held under pressure reducing the displaced volume ofthe balloon envelope 1. The condition shown in Figure 2provides maximum lift. The lift gas has been transferredfrom the receiver 2 into the balloon envelope 1. On trans-fer the compression is removed and the gas expands togive the balloon envelope 1 a much larger displacementand therefore more lift.
[0024]
By control of the amount of transfer the lift maybe varied to suit the requirements of the operator. Thisprinciple of the invention could be used as a single unitin a balloon (as shown in Figures 1 and 2) or as multipleunits in compartments of a multi compartment air ship(as will be described in more detail below).
[0025]
Referring to Figure 3, a rigid body airship 10,has a metal body shell 12 formed of aluminium or light-weight alloy. A load-
bearing hold 14 is suspended un-derneath the body shell 12.
[0026]
C1, C2, C3 are fixed displacement compart-ments containing a lighter-
than-
air gas such as Helium,giving a combined lift just under the total weight of theairship 10. R1, R2, R3, R4 are rear variable displacementcompartments. Inside each of the variable displacementcompartments R1, R2, R3 and R4 is an inflatable. R1X,R2X, R3X, R4X are rear receivers with associated com-pressors. F1, F2, F3, F4 are front variable displacementcompartments, each with an inflatables, and F1X, F2X,F3X, F4X are the receivers with associated compressors.
[0027]
Each of the variable displacement compart-ments R1, R2, R3, R4, F1, F2, F3, F4 is provided with avent opening (not shown) through the shell 12 to allowair displaced from compartment to escape to the sur-roundings when the inflatable is inflated, and to allow airfrom the surroundings to enter the compartment whenthe inflatable is deflated. The vent openings are prefer-ably sited on the underside of the shell 12 because anyHelium escaping from an inflatable, being lighter than air,will rise towards the top of the compartment.
[0028]
The fixed displacements C1 and C3 are provid-ed to give sufficient lift to support the structure at eachend of the airship 10 to prevent cantilever loads to thestructure when the lift in the variable compartment is re-duced or removed.
[0029]
Helium gives a lift of 1 kilogram per cubic metre.Therefore, by mathematical calculation of the volume ofcompartments C1, C2, C3 with regard to the overallweight of the airship, a suitable ship can be constructed.Compartments F1, F2, F3, F4 and R1, R2, R3, R4 givefinal lift to include passengers and cargo.
[0030]
In the arrangement shown in Figure 3, the fixedcompartments C1, C2, C3 would have a lift force of anamount slightly lower than the weight of the airship 10,thus keeping the airship 10 firmly on the ground whenbeing loaded or out of use. The variable compartmentsF1, F2, F3, F4, R1, R2, R3, R4 would have compressedHelium (or other inert lighter than air gas) stored in thereceivers F1X, F2X, F3X, F4X, R1X, R2X, R3X, R4X.Each variable compartment F1, F2, F3, F4, R1, R2, R3,R4 has an inflatable fitted inside. Through the use of suit-able valves the Helium (or other lighter than air gas)would, in a controlled way, be transferred from a receiver(for example R1X) to the associated inflatable. As infla-tion takes place this would displace the air in that variable3 4
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