Primer for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems
Clean Water Act Requirements for Wastewater Treatment 4The Need for Wastewater Treatment 5Effects of Wastewater on Water Quality 5Some of the Key Challenges Faced by Wastewater Treatment Professionals Today 6Collecting and Treating Wastewater 6Centralized Collection 6Combined Sewer Systems 7Sanitary Sewer System 9Pollutants: 8Oxygen-Demanding Substances 8Pathogens 8Nutrients 8Synthetic Organic and Inorganic Chemicals 8Thermal 8Wastewater Treatment 9Primary Treatment 9Preliminary Treatment 9Primary Sedimentation 11Basic Wastewater Treatment Processes 10Physical 10Biological 10Chemical 10Secondary Treatment 11Attached Growth Processes 11Suspended Growth Processes 12Lagoons 13Land Treatment 14Slow Rate Infiltration 14Rapid Infiltration 15Overland Flow 15Constructed Wetlands 15Disinfection 16Chlorine 16Ozone 16Ultraviolet Radiation 16Pretreatment 16Advanced Methods of Wastewater Treatment 17Nitrogen Control 17Biological Phosphorus Control 18Coagulation-Sedimentation 18Carbon Adsorption 19The Use or Disposal of Wastewater Residuals and Biosolids 19Land Application 20Incineration 20Beneficial Use Products from Biosolids 21Decentralized (Onsite or Cluster) Systems 21Treatment 22Conventional Septic Tanks 22Aerobic Treatment Units 22Media Filters 22Dispersal Approaches 23Absorption Field 23Mound System 23Drip Dispersal System 24Evapotranspiration Beds 24Management of Onsite/Decentralized Wastewater Systems 24Asset Management 24Operation 25Maintenance 25Common Wastewater Treatment Terminology 25
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