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FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALSFOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
 
L
ACI
S
ATTERFIELD
, individually,and on behalf of others similarlysituated,No. 07-16356
Plaintiff-Appellant,
D.C. No.v.
CV-06-02893-CWS
IMON
& S
CHUSTER
, I
NC
., a NewOPINIONYork corporation;
IPSH!NET
, aDelaware corporation aka
IPSH
,
 Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Courtfor the Northern District of CaliforniaClaudia Wilken, District Judge, PresidingArgued and SubmittedFebruary 11, 2009—San Francisco, CaliforniaFiled June 19, 2009Before: John T. Noonan, David R. Thompson andN. Randy Smith, Circuit Judges.Opinion by Judge N.R. Smith
7329
Case: 07-16356 06/19/2009 Page: 1 of 16 DktEntry: 6961885
 
COUNSEL
John G. Jacobs, The Jacobs Law Firm, Chtd., Chicago, Illi-nois, for the plaintiff-appellant.Peter L. Winik and Barry J. Blonien, Latham & Watkins LLP,Washington, DC, for the defendants-appellees.
OPINION
N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judge:Laci Satterfield, individually and on behalf of those simi-larly situated, appeals the district court’s grant of summary
7332S
ATTERFIELD
v. S
IMON
& S
CHUSTER
, I
NC
.
Case: 07-16356 06/19/2009 Page: 2 of 16 DktEntry: 6961885
 
 judgment in favor of Simon & Schuster, Inc. and ipsh!net Inc.(“ipsh!”).
1
Satterfield alleges a violation of the TelephoneConsumer Protection Act (“TCPA”), 47 U.S.C. § 227, arisingafter Satterfield received an unsolicited text message. Wehold that there is a genuine issue of material fact concerningwhether the equipment used by Simon & Schuster has thecapacity to both (1) store or produce numbers to be calledusing a random or sequential number generator and (2) to dialsuch numbers. Giving deference to the Federal Communica-tions Commission (“FCC”),
see Chevron v. Natural Res. Def.Council, Inc.
, 467 U.S. 837, 843-44 (1984), we hold that it isreasonable to interpret “call” under the TCPA to include bothvoice calls and text messages. We also conclude that Simon& Schuster is not an affiliate or brand of Nextones and there-fore Satterfield did not expressly consent to receive this textmessage from Simon & Schuster. Accordingly, we reverse thedistrict court and remand.
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Satterfield brought this action against Simon & Schuster fortext messaging an advertisement to a cellular phone sheowned in violation of the TCPA. Satterfield received this textmessage after she became a registered user of Nextones.com(“Nextones”) (not a defendant in this case). Satterfield joinedNextones at the request of her minor son in order to receivea free ringtone. In order for Satterfield to get the free ringtonefor her son, she had to fill out a form which read:
Nextones Member Sign Up
Sign up to become a registered user of Nextones
1
When referred to collectively, Simon & Schuster and ipsh! are referredto as “Simon & Schuster.”
7333S
ATTERFIELD
v. S
IMON
& S
CHUSTER
, I
NC
.
Case: 07-16356 06/19/2009 Page: 3 of 16 DktEntry: 6961885
of 00

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