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Articulation, Alignment and The Challenge of. College-Readiness
Testimony toThe Commission on the Future of Higher Education
April 7, 2006 .Indianapolis INRichard KazisSenior Vice President
*
Jobs for the Future, Inc.
Introduction
It is a pleasure to have this opportunity to speak with you today. Nothing could be moreimportant today-when a postsecondary credential is the gateway o economic success-than reassessinghow higher education can do a better job serving all its students, thepublic that funds it, and the nation in which we live.Articulation-or, more broadly, the alignment between the courses,programs, standards,and expectations of different educational levels-is critical to the improvement of highereducation. Efficiency, productivity, affordability, and outcomes are all affected by themis-alignments that exist between secondary and postsecondary expectations (andbetween sectors within higher education). In fact, better alignment across systems makesa lot of the "retail level" articulation work less necessary.Today, I want to share with you lessons hat we are learning at my organization, Jobs forthe Future, from two foundation-funded initiatives that bear on strategies o improvearticulation and alignment: the Early College High School initiative, funded by the Bill &Melinda Gates Fomldation; and the Achieving the Dream initiative, funded by theLumina Foundation for Education here in Indianapolis, as well as the KnowledgeWorksand Nellie Mae Foundations.The ambitious Early College High School initiative has already created over 80 newsmall schools that combine secondary and postsecondary earning in the same school,resulting in both a high school diploma and an associatesdegree or significant creditstoward a degree. The plan is for over 200 new schools by 2011. These schools are beingcreated by about a dozen organizations, including state groups like North Carolina's NewSchools Project and national groups like the National Council ofLaRaza and theWoodrow Wilson Foundation. Jobs for the Future is the lead organization coordinatingthis work, with responsibility for: providing support and assistance o the entities that arecreating the new schools, managing the information system that tracks student outcomes,and addressingpolicy challenges facing these new schools.
Jobs for the Future is a Boston-basedesearch nd policy organization ommitted o the educational ndeconomicadvancement f youth and adultsstruggling n today's economy. FF'sinitiatives are designed ostrengthen pportunities or youth o succeedn postsecondaryearningand high-skill employment nd o increaseow-incomeadults' opportunities o move nto family-supporting areers.www.jff.org.
 
Jobs or the FutureCommission n the Future ofHigher Education. April 2006page 2
Achieving the Dream s an exciting newpostsecondary ducation eform nitiative,involving 35 communitycolleges n 7 states CT, FL, NC, NM, OR, TX, VA). 'The ocusis on using he analysisof outcomedata o develop nstitution-widereform strategieso improve student uccess, articularly or first-generation,ow-income,and students fcolor. In this initiative, JFF's role is to organizestatepolicy activities and support or theinstitutional changeagendas f participatingcollegesand o supportstatepolicy changes that promote communitycollege student uccess.Both nitiatives provide mportant nsights nto how the relationshipbetween igh schooland postsecondarynstitutions might be mprovedso that more studentsmove easilyand quickly into collegeand credentialprograms hat they will complete. will elaborateon someof these essons nd their mplications or the Commission'sdeliberations.Why Articulation Matters to College Performance
If you Google articulation, most of the references are to diction and speechpatterns.Educators are likely to describe articulation accurately. As one college web site explains,it's "a process which enables students o make a smooth transition.. .without delay,duplication of co~es, or loss of semestercredits." Articulation refers to negotiatedagreementsbetween nstitutions: "We have articulated courses or programs with 40different high schools and six different four-year institutions," a two-year college mightboast. Too often, though, those agreementssimply sit in files, publicized to few, anddriving little change n behavior of individuals or institutions.Articulation is really part of a broader and critically important concern: the relationshipbetween high schools and post-secondary nstitutions (or between different levels withinhigher education). The mis-alignment of institutional expectations, standards, curriculaand outcomes from K-12 to higher education s the reason articulation agreementsarenow needed.More important, this mis-alignment is at the heart of the poor performanceof many studentswho enter higher education and of many higher education nstitutions.Minimizing it must be at the core of any effort to improve student success,effic,iency,and productivity in higher education.
In his testimony o the Commissionn December,Mike Cohenof Achieve, nc. summarizedhe extent o which the disconnects etweensecondary ndpostsecondary education oseproblems or higher education.Only 34% of ninth gradersgraduate rom high school college ready"--havingNearly 30% of first year collegestudentsmust ake at eastone remedialcourse; in communitycolleges, he averages over40%; n urbanand ural colleges, t canbe well over 80%.taken he courses ypically required or admissiono nonselectiveour-yearcolleges
 
Jobs or the FutureCommission n the Future ofHigher Education. April 2006page 3
A recent analysis of the NELS longitudinal data by Jobs for the Future corroborates thelack of clear and smooth alignment between K-12 and higher education systems. While43% of all high school graduates eave at least somewhat qualified for college (llsing theDepartment of Education's definition), for students whose families are in the sec~ondlowest SES quintile, the rate drops to 29%. And among low-income students, hose inthe lowest socioeconomic quintile, only 19% are at least somewhat qualified for college.This is unacceptable.Being academically underprepared o succeed n higher education samong the strongest predictors of failure in college--more powerful than socioeconomicstatus, race or gender. Huge numbers of unqualified and minimally qualified studentsfrom all economic backgrounds enroll in college, particularly in community colleges; butonly 32% of unqualified students who enroll in college and 45% of minimally qualifiedenrollees ever earn a degree. That contrasts with 61 % of somewhat qualified and 76% ofhighly qualified enrollees. Not surprisingly, lower-income students are especially likelyto be unqualified for college--and not to complete.In the past, colleges tended to feel that poor preparation was a K -12 problem. But it isnot. Improving college results requires clear and close alignment of expectations,standards, signals about what "college ready" means, and collaborative mechanisms forraising student performance in high school. It requires collaboration at the institution,system, state, and federal levels to reverse decadesof limited interaction between K -12and higher education.
Over ime, improving the alignmentbetween ystemswill reduce he amountof remediation eeded nd mprove retentionand completion ates.
But helping to improve high school quality and performance is not sufficient. C'ollegesmust also look to their own practices and policies, to the ways in which they try to helpthose who are not college-ready catch up and succeed.And policymakers must :look forways to help colleges be more effective in teaching underprepared students. This isparticularly critical for community colleges, where developmental education Cal1 e abigger enterprise than many majors or occupational specialties.In these remarks, I highlight two important lessons from the efforts of schools, c::olleges,and states with which we work closely.The implications of the experience of theseinnovators go far beyond the unwieldy negotiation of articulation agreements o strategiesfor making smooth transitions and progress more routine. I will address:
1) The powerof "college n high school" o improve outcomes or underpreparedhigh schoolstudents; nd2) The value of using ongitudinal outcomes ata o targetand supporthigher studentsuccess, articularly n programsservingdevelopmental tudents.
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