1
Network Layers
The OSI and Internet Models
What is a layered model?
\ue002Models help us to
visualize different
aspects of complex
abstract systems
Layers represent
independent
components that can be
examined separately or
in relation to each other
http: / / www.lsa.umich.edu/ lsait/ TrainingDoc/ Docum ents/ training/ n
etwork-devices-presentation/ sld005.htm
What is a layered model?
http: / / exonous.typepad.com/ nkda/ 2004/ week5/
Communication theorist Yochai
Benkler's layers of communication.
Almost all
communication can be
broken down into
independent layers that
work interdependently.
The \u2018layers' (and protocols
between them)
conceptually represent
negotiations between
aspects of communication: Content, logical (encoding) and physical delivery of
m essages.
What is a layered model?
Example (Benkler\u2019s
layers in action\u2026)
\ue002My brother in Sweden
wants the recipe for my
famous 7-layer dip
\ue002What will we need to
negotiate to communicate?
What is a layered model?
\ue002What language
will we use?
Swedish or
English?
How will we
communicate?
Verbally,
writing,
pictures?
How will we physically
transport the message?
E-mail, snail-mail, video,
telephone?
What are the ingredients?
What is the recipe?
What is a layered model?
2
What is a layered model?
Term inology
\ue002Service
\ue001Performance of a specific communication function
\ue002Layer
\ue001Self contained set of related services
\ue002Interface
\ue001Defines which operations and services are offered between
layers, from lower to the next layer up
\ue002Protocol
\ue001An agreement between communicating parties on how the
communication is to proceed (i.e., \u201chandshake\u201d)
\ue002St ack
\ue001List of protocols used by a particular system
What is a layered model?
\ue002OSI 7-Layer Model
\ue001International Standards
Organization\u2019s Open
Systems Interconnection
model
\ue002TCP/ I P Model
\ue001Developed by the
Department of Defense
2 models for network communications
http: / / compm067.paisley.ac.uk/ notes/ unit01.html
The OSI Layered Model
\ue002OSI \u2013 Open System
Interconnection
\ue002Layered Approach
\ue002Allows better interoperability
between software and hardware
\ue002Allows design of elaborate but
highly reliable protocol stacks
OSI Layers - What does each layer do?
The Physical Layer
\ue002Defines all electrical and physical
specifications for devices.
\ue002Major Functions
\ue001Establishment & Termination of
Connections
\ue001Connection Resolution & Flow Control
of Communication Resources
\ue001Modulation & Conversion between
Digital Data
\ue002Example \u2013 radio, SCSI (Small
Computer System Interface)
OSI Layers - What does each layer do?
The Data Link Layer
\ue002Controls data transfer between
network entities
\ue002Performs error detection &
correction
\ue002Uses physical/ flat Addressing
Schem e
\ue002Example - Ethernet
OSI Layers - What does each layer do?
The Netw ork Layer
\ue002Performs network routing, flow
control, segmentation, and error
control functions
\ue002The router operates at this layer
\ue002Uses local addressing scheme
\ue002Example \u2013 IP, token ring
3
OSI Layers - What does each layer do?
The Transport Layer
\ue002Provide transparent transfer of
data between end users
\ue002Controls reliability of a given link
\ue002Some protocols are stateful and
connection oriented (cookies)
\ue002Exam ple \u2013 TCP / UDP
OSI Layers - What does each layer do?
The Session Layer
\ue002Provides mechanism for managing
the dialogue between end-user
application processes
\ue002Provides for either duplex or half-
duplex operation
\ue002Responsible for setting up and
tearing down TCP/IP sessions
\ue002Example \u2013 NetBIOS
OSI Layers - What does each layer do?
The Presentation Layer
\ue002Little to do with PowerPoint
\ue002Controls syntactical differences in
data representation within end-
user systems
\ue002MIME encoding is done at this
layer
\ue002Example - XML
OSI Layers - What does each layer do?
The Application Layer
\ue002Provide semantic conversion
between associated application
processes
\ue002Interfaces directly to and performs
common application services for
the application processes
\ue002Example \u2013 Telnet, Virtual Terminal
TCP/IP layered network model
\ue002Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol
\ue002TCP/ IP is a suite of protocols, also
known as the Internet Protocol
Suite
\ue002It was originally developed for the
US Department of Defense
Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) network, but it is now the basis for the Internet
Application
Transport
Internet
Network
access
TCP/IP network model layers
of 00
Network Layerspdf
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