Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa \u1ed1m \u0111au. H\u1ecd th\u1edd
ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean
nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. S\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1
nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a c\u1ecf xanh d\u1ecdc theo con s\u00f4ng Nile. M\u00e0u xanh lam c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai c\u1eadp v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0
m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. H\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1, ng\u1ecdc
qu\u00fd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c nhau cho nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau\u2026
C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u0103m
1550 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai c\u1eadp v\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng
tia m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy l\u1ea1p c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0
m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc.Hippo crates \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean \u0111i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh
khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u1eadt may m\u1eafn l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau.
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u1eefa th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch N\u1ed9i Kinh (Nei ching) \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u
l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch chu\u1eabn \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7aAris totl e. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn hai m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0u th\u1ee9 ba. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebfng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh lam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1edd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xuy\u00ean qua.Pl ato v\u00e0

b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u00e2y tranh c\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 40 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cOpticks\u201d. Newton \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00f9m tia s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu qua l\u0103ng tr\u1ee5. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua h\u00ecnh l\u0103ng tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau: \u0111\u1ecf, cam, v\u00e0ng, xanh, lam, ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u00edm. Newton \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng quang ph\u1ed5\u2026