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Lecture 19
From utp
1
For two logarithms of the same base,
logaM = logaN
Then,M =N
solution
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TOPIC 2: EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS 2.1 : Relationship Between Exponential And Logarithmic Functions Example 1
Convert the following to logarithm form:
a) 23= 8
(b) 3-2 =91
(c) 2x = 47
Example 2
Convert the following to exponential form/ index form:
a) log2 32 =5
(b) log3 27 = 3
(c) log2y =x
Example 3
Find the value of each of the following:
(a) log2 64
(b) log3 1
(c) log7 7
(d) log4 16-1
(e) log3
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81
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(f) log8 0.25
The important property is
2.2: Properties of Logarithms
Law of logarithms.
There are four basic laws of logarithms.
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b
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Example 4
Simplify the following, expressing each as a single logarithm:
(a) log2 4 + log2 5 \u2013 log210
(b) 2loga 5 \u2013 3 loga 2
(c) log8 4 + log2 16
Example 5
If log 2 = r and log 3 = s, express in terms of r and s
(a) log 16
(b) log 18
(c) log 13.5
2
Exercise 2.1: Logarithmic and Exponential functions
1. Write each of the following in the formy =bx.
(a) log28 = 3
(b) log381 = 4
(c) log50.04 = -2
(d) log7x = 4
(e) logx5 =t
(f) logpq =r
2. Write each of the following in the formx = logby.
(a) 23 = 8
(b) 36 = 729
(c) 4-3=64
1
(d)a8 = 20
(e)h9 = g
(f)mn= p
3. Evaluate the following:
(a) log216
(b) log416
(c) log7
49
1
(d) log41
(e) log55
(f) log27
3
1
(g) log168
(h) log3
2
2
(i)
2
8
log2
4. Find the value of y in each of the following.
(a) logy 49 = 2
(b) log4y = -3
(c) log3 81 =y
(d) log10y = -1
(e) log2y = 2.5
(f) logy 1296 = 4
(g)
8
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2
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(i) logy 27 = -6
Page 34, Exercise 3A: Question 6, 7, 8, 9 (a) \u2013 (e)
3
Exercise 2.2: Law of logarithms
1. Write each of the following in terms of log p, log q and log r. The logarithms have
base 10.
(a) log pqr
(b) log pq2r3
(c) log 100pr5
(d)
r
q
p2
log
(e)
2
logrpq
(f)
pqr
1
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(g)
r
p
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(h)
10
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(i)
q
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p10
10
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2. Express as a single logarithm, simplifying where possible. (All the logarithms
have base 10, so, for example, an answer of log 100 simplifies to 2.)
(a) 2log 5 + log 4
(b) 2log 2 + log 150 \u2013 log 6000
(c) 3log 5 + 5 log3
(d) 2log 4 \u2013 4log 2
(e)
125
log
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(f) 3log 2 + 3log 5 \u2013 log 106
(g)
8
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(h) log 64 \u2013 2log 4 + 5log 2 \u2013 log 27
3. If log 3 = p, log 5 = q, log 10 = r, express the following in terms of p, q and r. (All
the logarithms have the same unspecified base.)
(a) log 2
(b) log 45
(c)
90
log
(d) log 0.2
(e) log 750
(f) log 60
(g)
61
log
(h) log 4.05
(i) log0.15
Page 36, Exercise 3B: 1, 2, 3
of 00
Topic 2 - Logarithmic and Exponential
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