\u00c2m thanh trong t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 M\u00f4i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu , gi\u00fap bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n . Do \u0111\u00f3 , c\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n xem t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m thanh .

Nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc t\u00f4ng s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 M\u00e3 M\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i :" T\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng
th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ". M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma thi\u1ec1n
s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ebfu L\u00e2m T\u1ef1 . trong ph\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o
hay khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng n\u00f3i :" C\u1ea7u to\u00e0n l\u1ea1i thanh \u00e2m ".
Tuy nhi\u00ean , v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i , n\u00ean so\u1ea1n
gi\u1ea3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i nay ch\u00ec n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t t\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn
th\u00e1y nh\u1ea5t . Ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c
con trai kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 S\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 , ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9
c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng , nh\u01b0ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 ra cho r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch .

Do \u0111\u00f3 , \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ph\u00e0i c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 . Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh thu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt d9\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t . Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i , \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 hay \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 gong \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadn yh\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ecb l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m .

\u0110\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p . H\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u1eafm m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa qu\u00fd trung b\u00ecnh , nh\u01b0ngv\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c qu\u00fd hi\u1ec3n n\u00f3i chung ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c .

Ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 , c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111i k\u00e8m l\u00e0 :
*Gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd , r\u1eafn r\u1ecfi trong s\u00e1ng
* Gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u00f4n ho\u00e0 , nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng , tuy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4 khang , l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng
c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng vang , ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ecdng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 nhanh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nu\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec
l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea5u . C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t , ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o th\u00ec s\u1ef1
khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbng . N\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng
h\u1ee3p , n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec3p b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu , nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 li\u00ean mi\u00ean
ho\u1eb7c tai h\u1ea1o trong c\u00f4ng danh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i tuy c\u00f3 n\u1eef thanh ,
nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu , kh\u00f4ng trong tr\u1ebbo , kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng
th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c n\u1eef nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh n\u1eef l\u00e0m qu\u00fd . \u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1
ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean kh\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n qu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1

m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng , th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u1ec3u
m\u1ea1ng n\u1eefa . T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i , \u00e2m thanh d\u00f9 nam hay n\u1eef ph\u1ea3i trong tr\u1ebbo , c\u00f3 \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng
\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 , ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c ( \u0110an \u0111i\u1ec1n) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00ec ph\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f4i ch\u00f3t
l\u01b0\u1ee1i ( \u00fd n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng ra \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3n , h\u1ee5t h\u01a1i ) . C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba
k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean d\u1ea9u cho di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4 th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng
cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng an nh\u00e0n b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb .
Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i , m\u1eb7t m\u0169i kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4 tu\u1ea5n t\u00fa , th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh ph\u00ec n\u1ed9n m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ,
b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch ( tham chi\u1ebfn th\u00eam \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh trong \u00e2m
thanh \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, ph\u00e2n 1 , quy\u00ean'2 ). \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1o nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 t\u00e0ng m\u00e1t ,
ho\u1eb7c th\u00ea th\u00e0m nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng v\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u00fa , bu\u1eddn t\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng d\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed3n lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0
ti\u1ebfng ch\u00f3 s\u1ee7a tr\u0103ng , \u0111\u00e8u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng . N\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng
ra g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1ea1p ph\u1ea3i \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadn k\u1eb9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao
gi\u1edd kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c .

Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 thanh tr\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t , ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd
m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ( kim , m\u1ed9c , thu\u1ef7 , ,ho\u1ea3 , th\u1ed5) c\u1ea7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i
\u00e2m thanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh h\u00f9ng tr\u00e1nh hay nhu
nh\u01b0\u1ee3c , thanh hay tr\u1ecdc . Ph\u00e0m h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh ch\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a
ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 , ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng b\u1ec9 c\u1ea3n b\u1ea9n b\u00e1ch , h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n bao gi\u1edd.

T\u00f3c r\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng , v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t mang v\u1eadn l\u1eabn c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u00f3
vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng . T\u00f3c th\u00ec trai hay g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 , nh\u01b0ng r\u00e2u th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0
m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o thi\u00ean ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi , n\u00f3i l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ee7ng
th\u1ea5y r\u00e2u ria ( tuy \u00edt nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t )\u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef . Nh\u1eefng
tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c bh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u00e2u ria , \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y r\u00e2u ria tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i
\u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadn cho k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3
a)T\u00f3c

B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft , c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn
th\u1ee9c y h\u1ecdc \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch : nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng
nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103 b\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:
* T\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u , c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 \u00edt \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i
* T\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n , kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ec3 tre , mh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
m\u1ec1m nh\u0169n nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i b\u00fan
* S\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xanh \u0111en , t\u01b0\u01a1i b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4 d\u00f2n , \u00faa nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf \u0111ang l\u00fac
t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i

S\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 t\u00f3c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1t khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi
r\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y . C\u1ea3 ba th\u1ee9 l\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 ( t\u00f3c ,r\u00e2u, l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y )tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi
ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea9m l\u1eabn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng . L\u00f4ng m\u00e0y ra sao th\u00ec t\u00f3c l\u00f4ng c\u0169ng v\u1eady
, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p .

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i coi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ,ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u
kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.Tuy nhi\u00ean ,nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3,trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf
c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n kh\u00fac kh\u00e1c,Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p r\u00e2u t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5,h\u00ecnh
kim(tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1,ph\u1ea7n II c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t),t\u00fac l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i
nh\u01b0\u1eddir\u1eafnch\u1eafc,n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 ,kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p r\u00e2u t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00ecnh Ho\u1ea3(h\u1ea1ng
ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7t m\u0169i g\u00e2n gu\u1ed1c ,m\u1eaft l\u1ed9 ,m\u00e0y th\u01b0a ,r\u00e2u \u00edt,......).Cho n\u00ean ,r\u00e2u th\u01b0a ,t\u00f3c
ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1
c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ,nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1
bi\u1ec7t l\u1ec7. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u00e2u t\u00f3c b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 hung t\u01b0\u1edbng:

* Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh ,da th\u1ecbt tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 r\u00e2u t\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4 d\u00f2n v\u00e0
r\u1eadm.
* Da d\u1ebb kh\u00f4 khan m\u00e0 t\u00f3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c mean v\u00e0 \u00edt

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ,n\u1ebfu nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 v\u1ebf long \u0111ong v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3
,n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c th\u00ea th\u1ea3m . N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ,k\u1ebb m\u00e0 r\u00e2u t\u00f3c
c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p,c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p,c\u1ee9ng ma 2kh\u00f4,m\u00e0 th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch nh\u01b0 tro t\u00e0n
,ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ngu \u0111\u1ed9n ,th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft non,v\u1eadn
b\u0129.R\u00e2u t\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng ,khuy\u1ebft nh\u0169n ,th\u01b0a \u0111\u1eadm th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng
con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ,s\u1eafc \u0111en v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y th\u00ec d\u1ea5u ngh\u0169 quan c\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i trung b\u00ecnh
ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi ,nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba.H\u00ecnh tuy b\u1ea5t t\u00fac ,nh\u01b0ng
th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed h\u1eefu d\u01b0 n\u00ean v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng v\u1eab c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p,con ch\u00e1u n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3
n\u00f3i ,t\u00f3c nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt ,nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u1edf
lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng.Tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb ,t\u00f3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111en: tu\u1ed5i c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec t\u00f3c ruing
d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u00e0u \u0111en sang m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng.\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf ph\u00e9p xem t\u01b0\u1edbng
t\u00f3c l\u00e0 t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u0111ang \u1edf tu\u1ed5i thanh ni\u00ean (t\u1eeb 15,16 \u0111\u1ebfn 30) m\u00e0 \u00edt t\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3i th\u00ec
m\u1edbi coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng . Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i kha\u1ecfng tam tu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 h\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u ruing t\u00f3c
l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean , kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i . t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady , n\u1ebfu sau 40 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0
t\u00f3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hoa r\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1c th\u00ec coi l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng . Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng
t\u1ed1t , ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb . Trong y l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng ,
nh\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t s\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u00f3c li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu
c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn . T\u00f3c s\u1edbm b\u1ea1c l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn x\u1ea5u