PH\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T
C\u00c1C N\u00c9T T\u01af\u1edaNG TRONG NH\u00c2N T\u01af\u1edaNG H\u1eccC
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t
T\u1ed4NG QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0 KHU\u00d4N M\u1eb6T

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eaft coi t\u01b0\u1edbng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng chung v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111i sau v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c danh x\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t sau \u0111\u00e2y khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t.

Quan s\u00e1t Tam \u0110\u00ecnh, Ng\u0169 Nh\u1ea1c, L\u1ee5c Ph\u1ee7 ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng, th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1eadu, Ng\u0169 Quan s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1eebng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ed3ng trong khung c\u1ea3nh chung c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ta th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u1eebng n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n qua tr\u1ecdng (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu )

Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn
nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh ho\u1ea1t : t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh, t\u00e0i l\u1ed9c, anh em, v\u1ee3 con v.v..ta d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9
v\u1ecb (ho\u1eb7c ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 v\u1ecb ) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cung .

V\u00ec Ng\u0169 Quan c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc, n\u00ean sau khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u01a1
l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ta c\u1ea7n \u0111i sau v\u00e0o t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh 5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng
ri\u00eang. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u00eau t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3
khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00e2y:

T\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng chia khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh 3 ph\u1ea7n : Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00ecnh, Trung \u0110\u00ecnh v\u00e0
H\u1ea1 \u0110\u00ecnh.
Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00ecnh: T\u1eeb ch\u00e2n t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eef 2 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a
Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Tr\u00e1n.

Trung \u0110\u00ecnh : t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa 2 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 c\u00e1nh m\u0169i. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Trung \u0110\u00ecnh l\u00e0: M\u0169i, c\u1eb7p M\u1eaft , L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Quy\u1ec1n , 2 tai v\u00e0 2 L\u00f4ng M\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edbng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 M\u0169i.

Tam \u0110\u00ecnh c\u00f3 2 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.
a. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadn:
Theo quan ni\u1ec7m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u00ec tam \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho tam t\u00e0i( 3

Tr\u00e1n thu\u00f4c Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho Tr\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi c\u00e0ng cao, r\u1ed9ng, t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00e1n cao, r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m qu\u00ed. N\u00f3i chung ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i qu\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u01a1 v\u1eadn su\u00f4ng s\u1ebb .

B\u1ed9 v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung \u0110\u00ecnh l\u00e0 M\u0169i , t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng, d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng ,m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t, n\u00ean m\u0169i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ngay th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng.

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n H\u1ea1 \u0110\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0
c\u1eb1m. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, vu\u00f4ng v\u1ee9t m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t n\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, c\u1eb1m
ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea7y, ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu v\u1eadn sung t\u00fac.

N\u00f3i chung, trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc \u00c1 - \u0110\u00f4ng, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00ecnh d\u00e0i m\u00e0 n\u1ea9y n\u1edf ho\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng m\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng qu\u00ed hi\u1ec3n ; Trung \u0110\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ngay th\u1eb3ng , cao r\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb thanh t\u00fa v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd ; H\u1ea1 \u0110\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng v\u1ee9t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadn s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t l\u00fac v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0.

N\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00ecnh nh\u1ecdn h\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft h\u00e3m th\u00ec hay b\u1ecb tai h\u1ecda , kh\u1eafc cha m\u1eb9
ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ebft ti ti\u1ec7n. Trung \u0110\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, h\u00e3m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t
ngh\u0129a, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u1eadu v\u1eadn hao t\u1ed1n , l\u00eanh
\u0111\u00eanh. H\u1ea1 \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn hay thi\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1ch khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft,
tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 .

N\u1ebfu Tam \u0110\u00ecnh c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. Cho n\u00ean
t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i "Tam \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n, nh\u1ea5t sinh y th\u1ef1c v\u00f4 khuy" ngi\u00e3 l\u00e0 3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a
khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft h\u00e3m th\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i
lo \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1m \u00e1o .

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edbng gia kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng
m\u1ea5y ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Tam \u0110\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc
\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec:

- Trung \u0110\u00ecnh : bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho kh\u00ed l\u1ef1c
- H\u1ea1 \u0110\u00ecnh : bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ho\u1ea1t l\u1ef1c
Khi ti\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u00f3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u00ecnh

Khi trung n\u00e3o di\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o th\u00ec Trung \u0110\u00ecnh n\u1ea9y n\u1edf r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t: S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed5 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eafp th\u1ecbt.

N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n ph\u00e2n theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef "Tam \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n " th\u00ec
con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t l\u1ef1c : con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3
nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0u sinh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Do
\u0111\u00f3, c\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tam \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n kh\u00f4ng
ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n v\u00ec c\u01a1m \u0103n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c.

Theo nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc T\u00f4 L\u00e3ng Thi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u1eadn ti\u00ean thi\u00ean . Trung
\u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00fap ta quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu thi\u00ean . C\u00f2n H\u1ea1 \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00fap ta tr\u1eafc
\u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi( th\u00e0nh hay b\u1ea1i, x\u1ea5u hay t\u1ed1t

Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00ecnh cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n thi\u00ean ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, ngh\u1ec7
thu\u1eadt , c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, tinh th\u1ea7n v.v...N\u1ebfu tr\u00e1n cao r\u1ed9ng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 may m\u1eafn ti\u00ean
thi\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o . N\u1ebfu tr\u00e1n l\u0169ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec7ch, h\u00e3m l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u
ch\u1ee9ng ti\u00ean thi\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5u th\u01a1 b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1n qu\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c
n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c x\u00fac k\u00e9m .

Trung \u0111\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1edf thanh ni\u00ean , c\u00f3 tr\u00ed
kh\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u0169i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy\u1ec1n. Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 T\u00f4
L\u00e3ng Thi\u00ean , khu v\u1ef1c m\u0169i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy\u1ec1n, ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n cho ta
bi\u1ebft t\u00e0i n\u0103ng th\u00e1o v\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u sinh. N\u1ebfu Trung \u0111\u00ecnh
\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng, m\u0169i th\u1eb3ng, ch\u00e9p m\u0169i tr\u00f2n, 2 c\u00e1nh m\u0169i c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00ec tuy thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb
l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m s\u01a1 v\u1eadn linh dinh c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng
trung v\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c Trung \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ti\u00ean thi\u00ean. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t khu v\u1ef1c Trung \u0110\u00ecnh, ta \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xoay x\u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng