Windows NT Advanced Server l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng
(hardware platform), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd Intel x86, DEC Alpha, PowerPC c\u00f3
th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111a vi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c CPUs. Windows
NT l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh 32 bits th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m \u01b0u ti\u00ean (preemptive
multitasking). H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n chia th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh cho t\u1eebng
\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Windows NT Advanced Server bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c
tr\u01b0ng m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham chi\u1ebfu OSI
N\u0103m 1978, T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c Chu\u1ea9n H\u00f3a Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi OSI (International Organization for
Standardization) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00f4
H\u00ecnh Tham Chi\u1ebfu K\u1ebft N\u1ed1i C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng M\u1edf (Open System Interconnection Reference
Model) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Tham Chi\u1ebfu OSI. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong
m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00f9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.

M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Tham Chi\u1ebfu OSI bao g\u1ed3m 7 t\u1ea7ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p
nh\u1ea5t, T\u1ea7ng V\u1eadt L\u00fd (Physical Layer), l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00e1p
(cable) v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng D\u1ee5ng (Application Layer), l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng
\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi.
T\u1ea7ng V\u1eadt L\u00fd (Physical Layer) c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c bit t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh
kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng bit tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd. T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y
\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn c\u00e1p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ng (network adapter card) v\u00e0 k\u1ef9
thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c
bit.
T\u1ea7ng Li\u00ean K\u1ebft D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u (Data Link Layer) \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u00f4 cho c\u00e1c bit t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00e0nh
c\u00e1c frame (khung). M\u1ed9t frame l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin logic, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.
T\u1ea7ng Li\u00ean K\u1ebft D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c frame gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3
l\u1ed7i. Sau khi T\u1ea7ng Li\u00ean K\u1ebft D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u g\u1eedi \u0111i m\u1ed9t frame, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn
(acknowledgement) t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eadn frame \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c frame kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i.
T\u1ea7ng M\u1ea1ng (Network Layer) \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c
t\u00ean logic th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh
ngu\u1ed3n t\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00edch, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng,
v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.
T\u1ea7ng Giao V\u1eadn (Transport Layer) quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o
ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c tin c\u1eady. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p khi c\u1ea7n
thi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p d\u00e0i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, v\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i nh\u1eadn
n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ban \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1ea7ng Giao V\u1eadn c\u0169ng g\u1eedi
m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.
T\u1ea7ng Phi\u00ean (Session Layer) cho ph\u00e9p hai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean 2 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp,
d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (session). T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i

gi\u1eefa hai m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, qui \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00eda n\u00e0o s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 trong
bao l\u00e2u.
T\u1ea7ng Tr\u00ecnh Di\u1ec5n (Presentation Layer) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng D\u1ee5ng theo m\u1ed9t
khu\u00f4n d\u1ea1ng trung gian. T\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p
c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sao cho c\u1ea7n \u00edt bit h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.
T\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng D\u1ee5ng (Application Layer) l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3
th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng.
Khi hai m\u00e1y t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t
m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5,
T\u1ea7ng Giao V\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi T\u1ea7ng Giao V\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kia. T\u1ea7ng
Giao V\u1eadn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd t\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c
t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, truy\u1ec1n qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i l\u00ean t\u1edbi
c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 hai.
M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Tham Chi\u1ebfu OSI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u00e2n
th\u1ee7 theo n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nhau.

M\u1ed9t network adapter card, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ng, (\u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 network interface
card hay v\u1eafn t\u1eaft l\u00e0 NIC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n
\u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. Network adapter card cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t
(ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u) c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd b\u1ea3ng
m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1edbi c\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.
M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (driver) cho network adapter
card, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed7i tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n
c\u1ee7a network adapter card \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng
(network card) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.
C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng
c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n giao th\u1ee9c (protocol driver) m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t
giao th\u1ee9c giao v\u1eadn hay ch\u1ec9 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n giao th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng
vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7) v\u00e0 network
adapter card. Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n g\u1eedi \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf n\u01a1i
nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
Qui tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n giao th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi network adapter card t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0
thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft g\u1eafn (binding).
\u0110\u1ec3 hai m\u00e1y t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t giao
th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y,
hai m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c chung l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau.
Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed7i tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n network adapter card v\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh
l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ri\u00eang. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 monolithic
protocol stack th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n network adapter card v\u00e0
giao th\u1ee9c.

Windows NT Advanced Server s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 NDIS (Network Driver Interface
Specification) v\u00e0 TDI (Transport Driver Interface). NDIS l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n cung c\u1ea5p cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i
chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa card m\u1ea1ng (network card) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c (protocol) m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. NDIS
cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t card m\u1ea1ng. M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh Windows NT
Advanced Server \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1n giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 NetBEUI (NetBIOS
Extended User Interface), TCP/IP, Microsoft NWLINK, v\u00e0 Data Link Control. TDI cung
c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1ng m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean (nh\u01b0
Server v\u00e0 Redirector).

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i NDIS cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi card m\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9
tr\u1ea1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Windows NT Workstation) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh
\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n card m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong Windows NT Advanced
Server. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i card m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u
khi\u1ec3n cho card m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong Windows NT, NDIS v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a giao
th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean card m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y.
Khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i th\u00f4ng qua
giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 primary protocol), n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp giao th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.
Tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Windows NT, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng
tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t card m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 LAN adapter number tr\u00ean card
m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3.

TDI l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7ng phi\u00ean (Session) v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn (Transport). TDI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y
d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng
tr\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Server v\u00e0 Redirector) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n. Khi Server v\u00e0
Redirector t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n TDI \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi
g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 do v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 giao th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
Windows NT s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TDI nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c giao
th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Server v\u00e0 Redirector \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng kh\u00e1c nhau
(Third parties) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Windows NT.
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TDI \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho Windows NT kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m LAN
manager 2.x \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong khi Windows NT kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i
v\u00e0o Server th\u00ec LAN manager 2.x l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf con s\u1ed1 254 tr\u1ea1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, cho d\u00f9 TDI l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7ng giao v\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng
m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean song ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NetBIOS c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c DLLs \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3