Unix - Unix Power Tools -Fundoo

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[Chapter 1] Introduction

Table of Contents

1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2

1.1 What's Special About UNIX?............................................................................................................2

...............................................................................................................................................................................4

1.2 Who Listens to What You Type?.......................................................................................................4

...............................................................................................................................................................................6

1.3 Programs Are Designed to Work Together.......................................................................................6

...............................................................................................................................................................................7

1.4 Using Pipes to Create a New Tool.....................................................................................................7

...............................................................................................................................................................................9

1.5 Anyone Can Program the Shell..........................................................................................................9

.............................................................................................................................................................................11

1.6 Power Tools for Editing...................................................................................................................11

.............................................................................................................................................................................12

1.7 Power Grows on You.......................................................................................................................12

.............................................................................................................................................................................14

1.8 There Are Many Shells....................................................................................................................14

.............................................................................................................................................................................16

1.9 Which Shell Am I Running?............................................................................................................16

.............................................................................................................................................................................17

1.10 Internal and External Commands...................................................................................................17

.............................................................................................................................................................................18

1.11 How the Shell Executes Other Commands....................................................................................18

.............................................................................................................................................................................19

1.12 What Makes a Shell Script?...........................................................................................................19

.............................................................................................................................................................................20

1.13 Why Fundamentals Are Important.................................................................................................20

.............................................................................................................................................................................21

1.14 The Kernel and Daemons...............................................................................................................21

.............................................................................................................................................................................23

1.15 Filenames.......................................................................................................................................23

.............................................................................................................................................................................25

1.16 Wildcards.......................................................................................................................................25

.............................................................................................................................................................................27

1.17 Filename Extensions......................................................................................................................27

.............................................................................................................................................................................29

1.18 Who Handles Wildcards?..............................................................................................................29

.............................................................................................................................................................................31

1.19 The Tree Structure of the Filesystem.............................................................................................31

.............................................................................................................................................................................34

1.20 Your Home Directory....................................................................................................................34

.............................................................................................................................................................................35

1.21 Making Pathnames.........................................................................................................................35

.............................................................................................................................................................................37

1.22 How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes......................................................................................37

.............................................................................................................................................................................39

1.23 File Access Permissions.................................................................................................................39

.............................................................................................................................................................................42

1.24 The Superuser (Root).....................................................................................................................42

.............................................................................................................................................................................43

1.25 Access to Directories.....................................................................................................................43

.............................................................................................................................................................................44

[Chapter 1] Introduction

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Table of Contents

1.26 What a Multiuser System Can Do for You....................................................................................44

.............................................................................................................................................................................45

1.27 How Background Processing Works.............................................................................................45

.............................................................................................................................................................................46

1.28 Some Gotchas with Background Processing.................................................................................46

.............................................................................................................................................................................48

1.29 When Is a File Not a File?.............................................................................................................48

.............................................................................................................................................................................49

1.30 Redirecting Input and Output.........................................................................................................49

.............................................................................................................................................................................50

1.31 The X Window System..................................................................................................................50

.............................................................................................................................................................................51

1.32 One Big Hole.................................................................................................................................51

.............................................................................................................................................................................52

1.33 UNIX Networking and Communications......................................................................................52

.............................................................................................................................................................................54

1.34 What's Wrong with UNIX.............................................................................................................54

.............................................................................................................................................................................55

2. Logging In......................................................................................................................................................56

2.1 Customizing the Shell......................................................................................................................56

.............................................................................................................................................................................57

2.2 Shell Setup Files−Which, Where, and Why....................................................................................57 2.2.1 Bourne Shell....................................................................................................................57 2.2.2 C Shell..............................................................................................................................57 2.2.3 Korn Shell........................................................................................................................58 2.2.4 bash..................................................................................................................................58 2.2.5 tcsh...................................................................................................................................58

.............................................................................................................................................................................59

2.3 What Goes in Shell Setup Files?......................................................................................................59

.............................................................................................................................................................................61

2.4 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready...................................................................61

.............................................................................................................................................................................62

2.5 Tips for Speeding up Slow Logins..................................................................................................62 2.5.1 Quick Login.....................................................................................................................62 2.5.2 A Second Alias and Command File.................................................................................63 2.5.3 Once−a−Day Setup..........................................................................................................63

.............................................................................................................................................................................65

2.6 Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files.................................................................................65

.............................................................................................................................................................................66

2.7 C Shell Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want Them to Be?.....................................................66

.............................................................................................................................................................................68

2.8 Identifying Login Shells..................................................................................................................68

.............................................................................................................................................................................69

2.9 Speeding Up Your C Shell with set prompt Test.............................................................................69

.............................................................................................................................................................................70

2.10 Gotchas in set prompt Test............................................................................................................70

.............................................................................................................................................................................72

2.11 Faster ksh and bash Startup with $− Test......................................................................................72

.............................................................................................................................................................................73

[Chapter 1] Introduction

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