\u2022Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb th\u00f4\u00f8i xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i nguye\u00e2n thu\u00fby.
\u2022Kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb th\u00f4\u00f8i chie\u00e1m h\u00f6\u00f5u no\u00e2 le\u00e4.
\u2022Kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb giai \u00f1oa\u00efn xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i phong kie\u00e1n.
\u2022Kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb th\u00f4\u00f8i ky\u00f8 t\u00f6 ba\u00fbn chu\u00fb ngh\u00f3a \u2013 xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i chu\u00fb

Trong l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb, chu\u00f9ng ta nha\u00e4n tha\u00e1y ra\u00e8ng ngoa\u00f8i vie\u00e4c d\u00f6\u00efa va\u00f8o ca\u00f9c ra\u00ebng \u00f1a\u00f9, hang \u00f1o\u00e4ng la\u00f8m n\u00f4i c\u00f6 tru\u00f9 trong giai \u00f1oa\u00efn tie\u00e0n s\u00f6\u00fb, con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00f5 bie\u00e1t khai tha\u00f9c va\u00f8 s\u00f6\u00fb du\u00efng ca\u00f9c loa\u00efi va\u00e4t lie\u00e4u co\u00f9 trong t\u00f6\u00ef nhie\u00e2n cu\u00f5ng nh\u00f6 sa\u00f9ng ta\u00efo ra nhie\u00e0u loa\u00efi ca\u00e1u tru\u00f9c xa\u00e2y d\u00f6\u00efng nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb phong phu\u00f9, do \u00f1o\u00f9 ngoa\u00f8i vie\u00e4c t\u00ecm hie\u00e5u nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb theo tie\u00e1n tr\u00ecnh l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb chu\u00f9ng ta co\u00f8n co\u00f9 the\u00e5 t\u00ecm hie\u00e5u l\u00f2ch s\u00f6\u00fb nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb theo ca\u00e1u tru\u00f9c va\u00f8 va\u00e4t lie\u00e4u xa\u00e2y d\u00f6\u00efng nh\u00f6:

\u2022Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb la\u00f8m t\u00f6\u00f8 da, x\u00f6\u00f4ng, pha\u00e2n cu\u00fba \u00f1o\u00e4ng va\u00e4t. (H1, H2, H3)
\u2022Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb la\u00f8m t\u00f6\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00e1t va\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00e1t se\u00f9t. (H4)
\u2022Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb la\u00f8m t\u00f6\u00f8 tre, co\u00fb, la\u00f9, r\u00f4m.\u2026.(H5, H6, H7)
\u2022Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb la\u00f8m t\u00f6\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00f9. (H8, H9)
\u2022Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb la\u00f8m t\u00f6\u00f8 go\u00e3. (H10, H11, H11a, H11b, H11c)
\u2022Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb la\u00f8m t\u00f6\u00f8 be\u00e2 to\u00e2ng co\u00e1t the\u00f9p. (H12, H13)
\u2022Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb ke\u00e1t ca\u00e1u ho\u00e3n h\u00f4\u00efp. (H14, H15)

la\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng kho\u00e2ng gian kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c phu\u00efc vu\u00ef cho \u00f1\u00f4\u00f8i so\u00e1ng sinh hoa\u00eft gia \u00f1\u00ecnh va\u00f8 con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i. Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c tie\u00e2n, nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1\u00f4n thua\u00e0n ch\u00e6 la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t n\u00f4i tru\u00f9 tha\u00e2n \u00f1\u00f4n gia\u00fbn nha\u00e8m ba\u00fbo ve\u00e4 con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i cho\u00e1ng la\u00efi nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ba\u00e1t l\u00f4\u00efi cu\u00fba \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n thie\u00e2n nhie\u00e2n nh\u00f6 na\u00e9ng, m\u00f6a, tuye\u00e1t, gio\u00f9, lu\u00f5, ba\u00f5o, thu\u00f9 r\u00f6\u00f8ng\u2026 \u00f1o\u00e0ng th\u00f4\u00f8i ta\u00efo \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n thua\u00e4n l\u00f4\u00efi cho con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i va\u00f8 gia \u00f1\u00ecnh cu\u00fba ho\u00ef nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n \u00f1e\u00e5 ngh\u00e6 ng\u00f4i ta\u00f9i ta\u00efo s\u00f6\u00f9c lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng, sinh con \u00f1e\u00fb ca\u00f9i \u00f1e\u00e5 duy tr\u00ec no\u00f8i gio\u00e1ng va\u00f8 sau cu\u00f8ng co\u00f8n co\u00f9 the\u00e5 la\u00f8m kinh te\u00e1 \u00f1e\u00e5 sinh to\u00e0n va\u00f8 pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n.

tie\u00e2u thu\u00ef, n\u00f4i h\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng thu\u00ef nh\u00f6\u00f5ng tha\u00f8nh t\u00f6\u00efu cu\u00fba ne\u00e0n khoa ho\u00efc ky\u00f5 thua\u00e4t hie\u00e4n \u00f1a\u00efi do xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i cung ca\u00e1p v\u00f4\u00f9i \u00f1a\u00e0y \u00f1u\u00fb nh\u00f6\u00f5ng tie\u00e4n nghi cu\u00fba va\u00ean minh \u00f1o\u00e2 th\u00f2.

a. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb kie\u00e5u ca\u00ean ho\u00e4 : la\u00f8 loa\u00efi nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb pho\u00e5 bie\u00e1n nha\u00e1t, go\u00e0m mo\u00e4t so\u00e1 kie\u00e5u ca\u00ean ho\u00e4 nha\u00e1t \u00f1\u00f2nh t\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f6\u00f9ng v\u00f4\u00f9i ca\u00f9c kie\u00e5u gia \u00f1\u00ecnh kha\u00f9c nhau.

b. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb kie\u00e5u ky\u00f9 tu\u00f9c xa\u00f9: con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ch\u00e6 so\u00e1ng trong loa\u00efi nha\u00f8 na\u00f8y mo\u00e4t th\u00f4\u00f8i gian nha\u00e1t \u00f1\u00f2nh va\u00f8 du\u00f8ng cho cu\u00f8ng mo\u00e4t loa\u00efi ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i nh\u00f6 sinh vie\u00e2n, co\u00e2ng nha\u00e2n\u2026 Loa\u00efi na\u00f8y ma\u00ebt ba\u00e8ng \u00f1\u00f4n gia\u00fbn h\u00f4n so v\u00f4\u00f9i loa\u00efi ca\u00ean ho\u00e4, ca\u00f9c khu x\u00ed ta\u00e9m, ve\u00e4 sinh th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng bo\u00e1 tr\u00ed ta\u00e4p trung.

c. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb kie\u00e5u kha\u00f9ch sa\u00efn: go\u00e0m nh\u00f6\u00f5ng loa\u00efi kha\u00f9ch sa\u00efn, resort, nha\u00f8 ngh\u00e6 d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f5ng, nha\u00f8 tro\u00ef, motel, nha\u00f8 kha\u00f9ch\u2026.

B. Pha\u00e2n loa\u00efi theo gia\u00fbi pha\u00f9p ma\u00ebt ba\u00e8ng:
a. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb kie\u00e5u bie\u00e4t th\u00f6.\u00ef
b. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb kie\u00e5u kho\u00e1i ghe\u00f9p.
c. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb kie\u00e5u \u00f1\u00f4n nguye\u00e2n.

C. Pha\u00e2n loa\u00efi theo so\u00e1 ta\u00e0ng:
a. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb tha\u00e1p ta\u00e0ng.
b. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb cao ta\u00e0ng.

b. Nha\u00f8 xa\u00e2y d\u00f6\u00efng ba\u00e8ng ph\u00f6\u00f4ng pha\u00f9p la\u00e9p ghe\u00f9p : nha\u00f8 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc xa\u00e2y d\u00f6\u00efng ba\u00e8ng ca\u00f9c ca\u00e1u kie\u00e4n \u00f1u\u00f9c sa\u00fcn trong nha\u00f8 ma\u00f9y sau \u00f1o\u00f9 tie\u00e1n ha\u00f8nh la\u00e9p ghe\u00f9p va\u00f8 hoa\u00f8n thie\u00e4n mo\u00e1i no\u00e1i. Nha\u00f8 la\u00e9p ghe\u00f9p th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng co\u00f9 3 loa\u00efi:

i. Nha\u00f8 ta\u00e1m nho\u00fb (nha\u00f8 block): ca\u00e1u kie\u00e4n \u00f1u\u00f9c sa\u00fcn \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc chia tha\u00f8nh nh\u00f6\u00f5ng kho\u00e1i co\u00f9 \u00f1o\u00e4 l\u00f4\u00f9n v\u00f6\u00f8a pha\u00fbi va\u00f8 tro\u00efng l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9 3 ta\u00e1n.

ii. Nha\u00f8 ta\u00e1m l\u00f4\u00f9n (nha\u00f8 panen): chia la\u00f8m 2 loa\u00efi nha\u00f8 panen kho\u00e2ng khung (ta\u00e1m t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng ch\u00f2u l\u00f6\u00efc) va\u00f8 nha\u00f8 khung panen (khung co\u00e4t va\u00f8 he\u00e4 da\u00e0m ch\u00f2u l\u00f6\u00efc, co\u00f8n ta\u00e1m t\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng ch\u00e6 la\u00f8 ke\u00e1t ca\u00e1u nga\u00ean ca\u00f9ch).

iii. Nha\u00f8 \u00f1u\u00f9c sa\u00fcn ca\u00fb kho\u00e1i pho\u00f8ng (tro\u00efng l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng tre\u00e2n 5 ta\u00e1n) hoa\u00ebc ca\u00fb 2 pho\u00f8ng (tro\u00efng l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng 13 \u2013 22 ta\u00e1n).

E. Pha\u00e2n loa\u00efi theo kho\u00e2ng gian c\u00f6 tru\u00f9:
a. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb no\u00e2ng tho\u00e2n.
b. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1o\u00e2 th\u00f2.

ba\u00fbo \u00f1a\u00fbm cho gia \u00f1\u00ecnh cho\u00e1ng cho\u00efi \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc mo\u00efi kha\u00e9c nghie\u00e4t va\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng a\u00fbnh h\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng tr\u00f6\u00efc tie\u00e1p cu\u00fba mo\u00e2i tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng kh\u00ed ha\u00e4u, s\u00f6\u00ef ba\u00e1t o\u00e5n cu\u00fba mo\u00e2i tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i. Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb co\u00f8n la\u00f8 c\u00f4 s\u00f4\u00fb \u00f1e\u00e5 gia \u00f1\u00ecnh to\u00e0n ta\u00efi va\u00f8 pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n ve\u00e0 ma\u00ebt nha\u00e2n kha\u00e5u, tie\u00e1p tu\u00efc duy tr\u00ec va\u00f8 pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n no\u00f8i gio\u00e1ng cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh. (H16)

la\u00efi va\u00f8 lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng ngoa\u00f8i xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i, co\u00f8n da\u00f8nh th\u00f4\u00f8i gian cho cho s\u00f6\u00ef so\u00e1ng rie\u00e2ng t\u00f6 trong ngo\u00e2i nha\u00f8, qu\u00f5y th\u00f4\u00f8i gian \u00f1o\u00f9 la\u00f8 \u00f1e\u00e5 ta\u00f9i ta\u00efo s\u00f6\u00f9c lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng tho\u00e2ng qua ca\u00f9c kho\u00e2ng gian t\u00f6\u00f4ng \u00f6\u00f9ng sau:

cho con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i hoa\u00f8n thie\u00e4n m\u00ecnh ve\u00e0 mo\u00efi ma\u00ebt, ta\u00efo \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n xa\u00e2y d\u00f6\u00efng ne\u00e1p so\u00e1ng cu\u00fba va\u00ean hoa\u00f9 gia \u00f1\u00ecnh, na\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u00f1o\u00e4 chuye\u00e2n mo\u00e2n, pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n the\u00e5 cha\u00e1t ha\u00f8i hoa\u00f8 v\u00f4\u00f9i tinh tha\u00e0n. (H20)

Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb tha\u00f8nh th\u00f2 la\u00f8 cho\u00e3 \u00f4\u00fb ke\u00e1t h\u00f4\u00efp v\u00f4\u00f9i x\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng thu\u00fb co\u00e2ng nho\u00fb hay c\u00f6\u00fba ha\u00f8ng buo\u00e2n ba\u00f9n nho\u00fb. Trong xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n, nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb hie\u00e4n \u00f1a\u00efi ca\u00e0n to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c ca\u00f9c kho\u00e2ng gian la\u00f8m vie\u00e4c thie\u00e2n ve\u00e0 ca\u00f9c hoa\u00eft \u00f1o\u00e4ng tri th\u00f6\u00f9c, sa\u00f9ng ta\u00efo\u2026. (H22)

To\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c kho\u00e2ng gian nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb pha\u00fbi ba\u00fbo ve\u00e4 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc gia \u00f1\u00ecnh va\u00f8 t\u00f6\u00f8ng tha\u00f8nh vie\u00e2n trong gia \u00f1\u00ecnh pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n an toa\u00f8n, ha\u00f8i hoa\u00f8, ga\u00e9n bo\u00f9 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ca\u00f9c tha\u00f8nh vie\u00e2n v\u00f4\u00f9i nhau trong mo\u00e4t mo\u00e1i quan he\u00e4 thua\u00e4n ho\u00f8a.

Nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb co\u00f8n la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t n\u00f4i tru\u00f9 a\u00e5n, pha\u00f9o \u00f1a\u00f8i rie\u00e2ng cu\u00fba gia \u00f1\u00ecnh, ta\u00efo cho gia \u00f1\u00ecnh kho\u00e2ng ch\u00e6 cho\u00e1ng la\u00efi nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ba\u00e1t l\u00f4\u00efi cu\u00fba thie\u00e2n nhie\u00e2n ma\u00f8 co\u00f8n cho\u00e1ng la\u00efi nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ba\u00e1t l\u00f4\u00efi va\u00f8 nguy hie\u00e5m cu\u00fba xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i va\u00f8 nha\u00e1t la\u00f8 \u00f1e\u00e5 mo\u00efi ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i co\u00f9 \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ngh\u00e6 ng\u00f4i th\u00f6 gia\u00fbn sau nh\u00f6\u00f5ng gi\u00f4\u00f8 la\u00f8m vie\u00e4c ca\u00eang tha\u00fang. Muo\u00e1n va\u00e4y:

\u00f6\u00f9ng kho\u00e2ng ch\u00e6 ve\u00e0 die\u00e4n t\u00edch ca\u00e0n thie\u00e1t, mo\u00e1i quan he\u00e4 co\u00e2ng na\u00eang h\u00f4\u00efp ly\u00f9 ma\u00f8 ca\u00fb ca\u00f9 t\u00ednh rie\u00e2ng cu\u00fba t\u00f6\u00f8ng kho\u00e2ng gian \u00f1o\u00f9.

rie\u00e2ng \u00f1e\u00e5 ta\u00efo \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc kho\u00e2ng kh\u00ed a\u00e1m cu\u00f9ng cho gia \u00f1\u00ecnh va\u00f8 pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n ha\u00f8i ho\u00f8a cho t\u00f6\u00f8ng ca\u00f9 nha\u00e2n tha\u00f8nh vie\u00e2n.