nh\u00f6\u00f5ng nguye\u00e2n ly\u00f9 c\u00f4 ba\u00fbn cu\u00fba vie\u00e4c thie\u00e1t ke\u00e1 nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb ma\u00f8 le\u00f5 ra pha\u00fbi la\u00f8 ph\u00f6\u00f4ng cha\u00e2m go\u00e1i \u00f1a\u00e0u gi\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng cu\u00fba gi\u00f4\u00f9i chuye\u00e2n mo\u00e2n; du\u00f8 ra\u00e8ng ca\u00efnh \u00f1o\u00f9 cu\u00f5ng co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t so\u00e1 \u00edt ph\u00f6\u00f4ng a\u00f9n xua\u00e1t sa\u00e9c the\u00e5 hie\u00e4n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc y\u00f9 \u00f1o\u00e0 m\u00f4\u00f9i me\u00fb va\u00f8 sa\u00f9ng ta\u00efo cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c s\u00f6 \u00f1a\u00e0y na\u00eang l\u00f6\u00efc .

V\u00ec the\u00e1 chu\u00f9ng to\u00e2i ma\u00efnh da\u00efn t\u00ecm ca\u00f9ch die\u00e3n \u00f1a\u00eft va\u00f8 minh ho\u00efa nh\u00f6\u00f5ng nguye\u00e2n ly\u00f9 c\u00f4 ba\u00fbn a\u00e1y \u00f1e\u00e5 ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn de\u00e3 da\u00f8ng tham kha\u00fbo trong khi la\u00f8m vie\u00e4c ma\u00f8 kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbi ma\u00e1t qua\u00f9 nhie\u00e0u th\u00ec gi\u00f4\u00f8 mo\u00f8 ma\u00e3m ru\u00f9t kinh nghie\u00e4m. Sa\u00f9ch na\u00f8y kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 tham vo\u00efng tr\u00f4\u00fb tha\u00f8nh mo\u00e4t t\u00f6\u00f8 \u00f1ie\u00e5n ba\u00f9ch khoa ve\u00e0 nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb, ma\u00f8 cu\u00f5ng cha\u00fang co\u00f9 y\u00f9 \u00f1\u00f2nh \u00f1\u00f6a ra l\u00f4\u00f8i gia\u00fbi d\u00f6\u00f9t khoa\u00f9t cho nh\u00f6\u00f5ng va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 d\u00f6\u00f9t khoa\u00f9t th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng ga\u00ebp trong vie\u00e4c thie\u00e1t ke\u00e1 nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb. Ha\u00e0u he\u00e1t nh\u00f6\u00f5ng va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 a\u00e1y xua\u00e1t pha\u00f9t t\u00f6\u00f8 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n kinh te\u00e1 va\u00f8 xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i na\u00e8m ngoa\u00f8i ta\u00e0m kie\u00e5m soa\u00f9t cu\u00fba ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i la\u00f8m co\u00e2ng ta\u00f9c chuye\u00e2n mo\u00e2n. Sa\u00f9ch na\u00f8y ch\u00e6 nha\u00e8m mu\u00efc \u00f1\u00edch la\u00f8 chua\u00e5n b\u00f2 cho ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i la\u00f8m co\u00e2ng ta\u00f9c thie\u00e1t ke\u00e1 nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1o\u00e1i die\u00e4n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc nh\u00f6\u00f5ng va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 a\u00e1y v\u00f4\u00f9i mo\u00e4t nha\u00e4n th\u00f6\u00f9c ro\u00f5 ra\u00f8ng ve\u00e0 nh\u00f6\u00f5ng phong ca\u00f9ch va\u00f8 lo\u00e1i so\u00e1ng cu\u00fba con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i no\u00f9i chung, va\u00f8 giu\u00f9p ho\u00ef t\u00ecm ra \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ph\u00f6\u00f4ng pha\u00f9p rie\u00e2ng \u00f1e\u00e5 gia\u00fbi quye\u00e1t va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 a\u00e1y.

Cu\u00f8ng ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn sinh vie\u00e2n trong vie\u00e4c thie\u00e1t ke\u00e1 nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb, mo\u00e3i ha\u00f8nh \u00f1o\u00e4ng va\u00f8 quye\u00e1t \u00f1\u00f2nh \u00f1e\u00e0u a\u00fbnh h\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng \u00f1e\u00e1n cuo\u00e4c so\u00e1ng cu\u00fba nhie\u00e0u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i kha\u00f9c trong nhie\u00e0u tha\u00e4p nie\u00e2n hay h\u00f4n n\u00f6\u00f5a.V\u00ec va\u00e4y, kha\u00fb na\u00eang t\u00f6 duy sa\u00f9ng suo\u00e1t va\u00f8 t\u00f6 duy l\u00f6\u00f4ng thie\u00e4n la\u00f8 hai \u00f1\u00f6\u00f9c t\u00ednh kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 thie\u00e1u n\u00f4i ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c s\u00f6 t\u00f6\u00f4ng lai .

T\u00f6 duy sa\u00f9ng suo\u00e1t t\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng ch\u00f6\u00f8ng de\u00e3 nh\u00f6ng tha\u00e4t ra he\u00e1t s\u00f6\u00f9c kho\u00f9 th\u00f6\u00efc hie\u00e4n trong th\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00efi qua\u00fbng ca\u00f9o ra\u00e0m ro\u00e4 nh\u00f6 hie\u00e4n nay. Qua\u00fbng ca\u00f9o luo\u00e2n luo\u00e2n t\u00ecm ca\u00f9ch le\u00f8o la\u00f9i t\u00f6 duy cu\u00fba mo\u00efi ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i theo mo\u00e4t so\u00e1 lo\u00e1i mo\u00f8n \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f2nh tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c \u00f1e\u00e5 co\u00e1 ba\u00f9n cho \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc sa\u00fbn pha\u00e5m kho\u00e2ng t\u00f6\u00f4ng x\u00f6\u00f9ng v\u00f4\u00f9i l\u00f4\u00f8i le\u00f5 hoa my\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc da\u00f8nh cho no\u00f9. \u00d1ie\u00e0u t\u00f6\u00f4ng t\u00f6\u00ef cu\u00f5ng co\u00f9 xa\u00fby ra trong la\u00f5nh v\u00f6\u00efc kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c. Ha\u00e0u nh\u00f6 pha\u00e2n n\u00f6\u00fba h\u00ecnh a\u00fbnh va\u00f8 l\u00f4\u00f8i le\u00f5 va\u00ean hoa \u00f1a\u00f5 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc truye\u00e0n ba\u00f9 nha\u00e2n danh ca\u00f9i go\u00efi la\u00f8 \u201ckie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c hie\u00e4n \u00f1a\u00efi\u2019\u2019 \u00f1e\u00e0u thuo\u00e4c loa\u00efi t\u00f6 duy ra\u00e4p khuo\u00e2n na\u00f8y. Kho\u00e2ng co\u00f9 kie\u00e4t ta\u00f9c na\u00f8o \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ra \u00f1\u00f4\u00f8i hay nuo\u00e2i d\u00f6\u00f4\u00f5ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc ba\u00e8ng l\u00f4\u00f8i no\u00f9i ca\u00fb. No\u00f9 ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 the\u00e5 la\u00f8 tha\u00f8nh qua\u00fb cu\u00fba mo\u00e4t qua\u00f9 tr\u00ecnh lao \u00f1o\u00e4ng ca\u00e4t l\u00f6\u00efc va\u00f8 sa\u00f9ng ta\u00efo. V\u00ec va\u00e4y ca\u00f9c ba\u00efn pha\u00fbi co\u00e1 pha\u00f9n \u00f1oa\u00f9n mo\u00e4t ta\u00f9c pha\u00e5m kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c theo ba\u00fbn cha\u00e1t th\u00f6\u00efc s\u00f6\u00ef cu\u00fba no\u00f9 thay v\u00ec theo nh\u00f6\u00f5ng l\u00f4\u00f8i le\u00f5 bo\u00f9ng ba\u00e5y \u00f1ang \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc du\u00f8ng \u00f1e\u00e5 no\u00f9i ve\u00e0 no\u00f9.

Ha\u00f5y du\u00f8ng ba\u00e1t ky\u00f8 h\u00ecnh the\u00e5 hay gia\u00fbi pha\u00f9p kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c na\u00f8o ma\u00f8 ba\u00efn tin la\u00f8 th\u00edch h\u00f4\u00efp, tie\u00e4n nghi hay my\u00f5 quan; va\u00f8 cu\u00f5ng ha\u00f5y ca\u00fbnh gia\u00f9c tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c kie\u00e5u suy ngh\u00f3 ra\u00e4p khuo\u00e2n trong kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c. Nh\u00f6ng tre\u00e2n he\u00e1t, ha\u00f5y ma\u00efnh da\u00efn t\u00f6 duy va\u00f8 ha\u00f8nh \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1o\u00e4c la\u00e4p. Ha\u00f5y la\u00f8m cho kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb Vie\u00e4t Nam pha\u00fbn a\u00f9nh \u00f1a\u00e4m \u00f1a\u00f8 ba\u00fbn sa\u00e9c va\u00f8 truye\u00e0n tho\u00e1ng cu\u00fba ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i Vie\u00e4t Nam.

bao ca\u00fbnh va\u00f8 co\u00e4ng \u00f1o\u00e0ng xung quanh no\u00f9, va\u00f8 gi\u00f6\u00f5a ngo\u00e2i nha\u00f8 v\u00f4\u00f9i nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i, ch\u00ednh tr\u00f2 va\u00f8 ta\u00f8i cha\u00f9nh \u00f1ang ha\u00e8ng nga\u00f8y ta\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00e4ng le\u00e2n \u00f1\u00f4\u00f8i so\u00e1ng cu\u00fba mo\u00efi ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i.

V\u00ec the\u00e1, nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t kh\u00eda ca\u00efnh cu\u00fba mo\u00e4t la\u00f5nh v\u00f6\u00efc ro\u00e4ng l\u00f4\u00f9n h\u00f4n la\u00f8 to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i. Nh\u00f6\u00f5ng s\u00f6\u00ef kho\u00e2ng tho\u00fba \u00f1a\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4 ca\u00e1u to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i ne\u00e1u co\u00f9 th\u00ec cha\u00e9c cha\u00e9n se\u00f5 a\u00fbnh h\u00f6\u00f4\u00fbng xa\u00e1u \u00f1e\u00e1n \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n so\u00e1ng cu\u00fba con ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i va\u00f8 ta\u00efo ra ca\u00f9i go\u00efi la\u00f8 \u201cva\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb\u201d. Mu\u00efc tie\u00e2u to\u00e1i th\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng cu\u00fba mo\u00e4t ch\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb la\u00f8 ta\u00efo ra mo\u00e4t qu\u00f5y nha\u00f8 to\u00e1t, v\u00f4\u00f9i \u00f1u\u00f9ng bao ca\u00fbnh, va\u00f8o \u00f1u\u00f9ng th\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1ie\u00e5m, va\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb m\u00f6\u00f9c gia\u00f9 pha\u00fbi cha\u00eang, nha\u00e8m \u00f1a\u00f9p \u00f6\u00f9ng nhu ca\u00e0u cu\u00fba mo\u00efi ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i da\u00e2n ba\u00e1t ke\u00e5 m\u00f6\u00f9c thu nha\u00e4p cu\u00fba ho\u00ef. Muo\u00e1n \u00f1a\u00eft \u00f1e\u00e1n mu\u00efc tie\u00e2u a\u00e1y, ch\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh pha\u00fbi nha\u00e4n th\u00f6\u00f9c s\u00f6\u00ef kie\u00e4n ra\u00e8ng mo\u00e4t ngo\u00e2i nha\u00f8 kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 ta\u00f9ch r\u00f4\u00f8i kho\u00fbi mo\u00e2i tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng xung quanh no\u00f9. Cuo\u00e4c so\u00e1ng cu\u00fba chu\u00f9ng ta kho\u00e2ng ch\u00e6 ch\u00f2u ta\u00f9c \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba rie\u00e2ng no\u00e4i o\u00e1c ngo\u00e2i nha\u00f8 chu\u00f9ng ta \u00f1ang \u00f4\u00fb tho\u00e2i, ma\u00f8 co\u00f8n b\u00f2 chi pho\u00e1i b\u00f4\u00fbi my\u00f5 quan \u00f1o\u00e2 th\u00f2 \u00f1o\u00e4 o\u00e0n va\u00f8 m\u00f6\u00f9c o\u00e2 nhie\u00e3m cu\u00fba mo\u00e2i tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng. Ngoa\u00f8i ra, nh\u00f6\u00f5ng d\u00f2ch vu\u00ef co\u00e2ng co\u00e4ng ke\u00f8m hie\u00e4u qua\u00fb, d\u00f2ch vu\u00ef y te\u00e1 va\u00f8 gia\u00f9o du\u00efc luo\u00e2n qua\u00f9 ta\u00fbi, ca\u00f9c tie\u00e4n nghi mua sa\u00e9m va\u00f8 gia\u00fbi tr\u00ed nghe\u00f8o na\u00f8n cu\u00f8ng v\u00f4\u00f9i na\u00efn ke\u00eft xe th\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng xuye\u00e2n cu\u00f5ng go\u00f9p pha\u00e0n la\u00f8m ta\u00eang s\u00f6\u00ef ca\u00eang tha\u00fang trong cuo\u00e4c so\u00e1ng.

Tuy nhie\u00e2n, mo\u00e4t nho\u00f9m tie\u00e5u khu nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb \u201ckhang trang va\u00f8 sa\u00efch \u00f1e\u00efp\u201d t\u00f6\u00ef no\u00f9 kho\u00e2ng kha\u00e9c phu\u00efc \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc nh\u00f6\u00f5ng s\u00f6\u00ef kho\u00e2ng tho\u00fba \u00f1a\u00f9ng trong to\u00e5 ch\u00f6\u00f9c xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i va\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00fbm ba\u00fbo mo\u00e4t cuo\u00e4c so\u00e1ng to\u00e1t \u00f1e\u00efp cho mo\u00efi c\u00f6 da\u00e2n cu\u00fba no\u00f9. \u00d1ie\u00e0u to\u00e1i \u00f1a ma\u00f8 no\u00f9 la\u00f8m \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc la\u00f8 b\u00f4\u00f9t \u00f1i mo\u00e4t va\u00f8i ca\u00fbn tr\u00f4\u00fb be\u00e0 ngoa\u00f8i cho s\u00f6\u00ef pha\u00f9t trie\u00e5n la\u00f8nh ma\u00efnh cu\u00fba xa\u00f5 ho\u00e4i. Tha\u00e4m ch\u00ed co\u00f9 nhie\u00e0u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i tuy l\u00f4\u00f9n le\u00e2n trong ca\u00f9c khu nha\u00f8 lu\u00efp xu\u00efp nh\u00f6ng va\u00e3n so\u00e1ng mo\u00e4t cuo\u00e4c \u00f1\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1a\u00e0y y\u00f9 ngh\u00f3a. Du\u00f8 sao th\u00ec mo\u00e4t ngo\u00e2i nha\u00f8 t\u00f6\u00fb te\u00e1 va\u00f8 ca\u00f9c th\u00f4\u00f8i c\u00f4 tha\u00f8nh \u00f1a\u00eft trong cuo\u00e4c so\u00e1ng do no\u00f9 \u00f1em la\u00efi va\u00e3n th\u00f6\u00efc s\u00f6\u00ef la\u00f8 nhu ca\u00e0u thie\u00e1t ye\u00e1u va\u00f8 ch\u00ednh \u00f1a\u00f9ng cu\u00fba ra\u00e1t nhie\u00e0u ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i .

V\u00ec thua\u00e4t ng\u00f6\u00f5 \u201cnha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb\u201d bao go\u00e0m cho\u00e3 \u00f4\u00fb cho toa\u00f8n bo\u00e4 da\u00e2n so\u00e1 ba\u00e1t ke\u00e5 la\u00f8 ho\u00ef co\u00f9 thu nha\u00e4p cao hay tha\u00e1p, thuo\u00e4c ve\u00e0 mo\u00e4t gia \u00f1\u00ecnh \u00edt ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i hay \u00f1o\u00e2ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i, mua hay thue\u00e2 \u00f1e\u00e5 so\u00e1ng ta\u00efi mo\u00e4t vu\u00f8ng kh\u00ed ha\u00e4u nhie\u00e4t \u00f1\u00f4\u00f9i hay o\u00e2n \u00f1\u00f4\u00f9i, ne\u00e2n kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 co\u00f9 co\u00e2ng th\u00f6\u00f9c hay thie\u00e1t ke\u00e1 \u00f1\u00f2nh tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9c thoa\u00f5 ma\u00f5n \u00f1u\u00f4\u00efc mo\u00efi nhu ca\u00e0u. Ng\u00f6\u00f8\u00f4i kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c s\u00f6 kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 t\u00f6\u00ef m\u00ecnh \u00f1a\u00ebt ra nhie\u00e4m vu\u00ef thie\u00e1t ke\u00e1 ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 the\u00e5 pha\u00f9t hie\u00e4n ra no\u00f9 sau khi khi \u00f1a\u00f5 nghie\u00e2n c\u00f6\u00f9u ky\u00f5 phong ca\u00f9ch so\u00e1ng cu\u00fba nh\u00f6\u00f5ng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i ma\u00f8 sau na\u00f8y se\u00f5 la\u00f8 chu\u00fb nha\u00f8. Ne\u00e1u kho\u00e2ng nha\u00e4n th\u00f6\u00f9c ro\u00f5 \u00f1ie\u00e0u a\u00e1y, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c s\u00f6 se\u00f5 de\u00e3 sa la\u00e0y va\u00f8o ca\u00f9c ph\u00f6\u00f4ng a\u00f9n hue\u00e3ng hoa\u00ebc; da\u00e3n \u00f1e\u00e1n ha\u00e4u qua\u00fb ta\u00e1t nhie\u00e2n la\u00f8 chu\u00fb nha\u00f8 b\u00f2 a\u00f9p \u00f1a\u00ebt mo\u00e4t ne\u00e1p sinh hoa\u00eft kho\u00e2ng phu\u00f8 h\u00f4\u00efp v\u00f4\u00f9i lo\u00e1i so\u00e1ng rie\u00e2ng cu\u00fba ho\u00ef va\u00f8 gia\u00fbi pha\u00f9p kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c ch\u00f2u so\u00e1 pha\u00e4n ha\u00e5m hiu cu\u00fba mo\u00e4t \u00f1o\u00e0 a\u00f9n la\u00efc \u00f1e\u00e0 .

Chu\u00fb nha\u00f8 ca\u00f8ng kha\u00f9 gia\u00fb th\u00ec va\u00e1n \u00f1e\u00e0 thie\u00e1t ke\u00e1 nha\u00f8 \u00f4\u00fb ca\u00f8ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc nhie\u00e0u t\u00f6\u00ef do sa\u00f9ng ta\u00efo.Khi ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i muo\u00e1n co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t ngo\u00e2i nha\u00f8 hoa\u00f8n toa\u00f8n theo s\u00f4\u00fb th\u00edch rie\u00e2ng cu\u00fba m\u00ecnh, ho\u00ef sa\u00fcn sa\u00f8ng chi tie\u00e0n ga\u00e0n nh\u00f6 la\u00f8 thua\u00e0n tuy\u00f9 ph\u00ed pha\u00efm. V\u00ec the\u00e1 nha\u00f8 bie\u00e4t la\u00e4p cho nhu\u00f5ng gia \u00f1\u00ecnh thu nha\u00e4p cao kho\u00e2ng \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00ef ba\u00f8n \u00f1e\u00e1n \u00f4\u00fb \u00f1a\u00e2y. Ng\u00f6\u00efoc la\u00efi thu nha\u00e4p cu\u00fba chu\u00fb nha\u00f8 ca\u00f8ng tha\u00e1p th\u00ec ca\u00f8ng kho\u00f9 kha\u00ean nhie\u00e0u. Ga\u00ebp tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng h\u00f4\u00efp na\u00f8y, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i kie\u00e1n tru\u00f9c s\u00f6 ca\u00e0n pha\u00fbi ta\u00efo ra mo\u00e4t kho\u00e2ng