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AMMENDMENTS TO DRAFT 004
1
Acnatru[gentilicium]
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The itemacnatrualc is found in CIE 5431 and5432 identifying the
mother: Acnatrual-c \u0398an\u03c7vilus \u201cand (son) of Thanacvil Acnatru\u201d.
Anaie[gentilicium ]
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Based onAneie from CIE 3550 and 5538.
Anaina[gentilicium]
modifyChanged toAnaiena to better reflect etymology. (SeeAnaie above.)
Anainaie[gentilicium]
modifyChanged toAnaienaie to better reflect etymology. (SeeAnaina
above.)
Antipater[gentilicium]
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Borrowed from Greek\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (Antipatros) and seen inCIE
2004.
apacar 'calculator, tallier'
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The wordapcar is found in TLE 779 inscribed on a gem showing
someone holding an abacus. My understanding is that this is most
likely a loanword from Latin*abac\u0101rius (a term based onabacus) to
explain the curious ending in- ar which can't possibly be the animate
plural. The Latin suffix -\u0101rius describes pertinence to something and
hence my suggestion of*abac\u0101rius doesn't seem too shabby.
Regardless of my clever idea though, I have yet to verify that this
word ever existed. Alas, woe is me.

apirin\u015ba 'divine will'
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The termapren\u015bai\u015b is found in TLE 380 and probably related to the
verbapir which I give the value of 'to sanctify'. Since it's so far a
hapax and its exact morphology unknown to me, my translation can
be considered tentative, solely a hunch based on context.

Arazni [female praenomen]
modifyChanged toArazna. The-i termination is found on female gentilicia.
Arcumna[gentilicium]
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Based onArcumnal in ET Cl 1.1624 andArcmnal in ET Vt 1.67
(gen.)
Arcumsina[gentilicium]
modifyChanged toArcumisna. The extent formsArcmsnas [TLE 298] and
Arcmsnei [CIE 1746] are not clear about the original vowel between

'm' and 's' but I justify my change on an etymological suspicion that
there is an Etruscan word*arcum 'bow' (itself a hypothetical
borrowing from Latin) and its diminutive*arcumi\u015b underlying all
this.

Atale [male praenomen]
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Borrowed from Greek\u0386\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 (Attalos) and attested in CIE 2195.
Atarna[gentilicium]
modifyChanged toAtranna in connection with the wordatran (seeatrane
below). The nameAtranus is attested in Latin.
atrane 'reign, authority, rule'
modifyI am currently suspecting that this is in reality a verbal nounatran

which would be built on a verb root like*atra- or*atar- (?) and
using the suffix- an seen inTuran,*usilan (loc.usilane), andalpan.
In that interpretation though,atranes in nac atranes zilacal as it is
written in the Pyrgi Tablets would be declined in a dative ending-i\u015b.
I've tentatively offered the value of 'reign, authority, rule' but I'm not
yet satisfied with the meaning ofzil\u03c7 in this phrase and in other
contexts where three uses of an inessive (zilc\u03b8i [TLE 255],zilcti
[TLE 325],zilcte [TLE 125]) make the status quo value of 'praetor'
seem clumsy and therefore unlikely. I need to ponder more on this.

Carsuna[gentilicium]
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Found in CIE 1951and related to the nameCarsu.
Cemna[gentilicium]
modifyAltered toCemina and either connected with LatinGeminus 'Twin' or
the Greek name\u0393\u03ad\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Geminos).
Cemnaie[gentilicium]
modifyUpdated in tandem with the change ofCemna above.
Cemna\u03c7[deit y]
modifyI've changed the translation to 'Janus Geminus, Bifrons [deity]'

because of its recurring mention in the Liber Linteus as ais Cemna\u03c7.
No matter how you slice it,Cemna\u03c7 is certainly an individual god , so
an etymological and mythological connection with Janus Geminus
seems to fit best so far.

cenza'gift'
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The itemcanza- te in TLE 559 is often believed to be part of an
AMMENDMENTS TO DRAFT 004
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epithet of a deity named Selvans Canzate but this is ad hoc and I see
no connection that *Canzate might have with the rest of history. The
form, as far as I can tell, is a hapax but yet its morphology is clear to
me. We see here a common diminutive-za modifying a pan-Aegean
verb rootcan 'to bear, to hold, to carry, to bring' and thus quite
evidently refers to some kind of small offering. Hence the full context
of this inscription is Ecn turce Lar\u03b8i Le\u03b8anei. Alpnu Selvansl

canza-te. This should be translated more along the lines of \u201cThis gave

Larthia Lethana. A little gift to Selvans with a little offering\u201d. I'm
open to the possibility thatcenza refers to a specific type of offering
that is distinct fromalpnu or other terms conveying gifts.
Nonetheless, I have no doubt that Selvans Canzate is a modern myth
invented by Etruscologists. (See alsoCenzana below.)

Cenzana[gentilicium]
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The name is probably based oncenza above (seecenza) and would fit
the general pattern I've notice of Etruscan names built on religious
objects and concepts.

Certu [male praenomen]
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Found in CIE 4816, but I just realized this should beCertun because
it's borrowed from\u039a\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. A similar Greek loan,Xarun 'Charon'
also loses- n becomingXaru.

Clauniu[gentilicium]
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Found in CIE 1132.
cul'entrance '
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Reflected in TLE 275 ascvl.
cul\u015b 'small entrance'
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We can see genitiveculsl in TLE 131 and the nomino-accusative pluralcul\u015bcva in LL 8.v. I presume that the added- \u015b is the same diminutive suffix-i\u015b seen elsewhere (as infler vs.flere\u015b).

Cupariena[gentilicium]
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There'sCuprna in CIE 2047.
Fastia [female praenomen]
modifyChanged toFastiia due to phonotactics and morphology. The name is
the feminine form ofFasti.
Fulve[gentilicium]
modifyChanged toFuluveto better reflect the pre-syncopated form.
Fulvenia[gentilicium]
modifyAltered toFuluvena.by influence of my update ofFulve above.
fusil [type of offering]
modifyChanged tofu\u015bil since this seems to be what's reflected in the
spellings. I only find the word thus far in the Cippus Perusinus (CPer
A.xiii, CPer A.iv). Please keep in mind that it's entirely possible that

the 's' here has merely been palatalized by the following 'i' and that the underlying root is*fus rather than*fu\u015b (n.b.- il forms many inanimate deverbal nouns in Etruscan, such asusil).

Hipucrate [male praenomen]
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The name is found in the genitiveHipucrates in TLE 155 painted on
an oinochoe from Tarquinia.
ima\u015b 'to doom'
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I infer this fromim\u015bce in a tabella defixionis or 'curse tablet' (TLE
380). Many may have noticed a curse tablet used by Servilia when she

proceeds to curse Cesar in HBO's seriesRome. Normally the word in
question is represented asim\u015b\u015be which to me looks malformed. I
render the sentence in which it is found as: \u0398an\u03c7vil Vel\u015bui, ces zeri\u015b,

im\u015bce and tentatively translate it as \u201cThanacvil Velsu, by this rite, has
been doomed.\u201d
Lauterie[gentilicium]
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Found asLauteri in CIE 360.
Lautie[gentilicium]
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Found asLauti in CIE 3205.
Lucinaie[gentilicium]
modifyModified toLaucienaie based on a connection with the praenomen
Laucie and the added proof of Lauciniin CIE 485.
Lutnita[gentilicium]
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TLE 690 reads lutnita : fastia but it appears thatlutnita may simply
be a syncopated variant of earlierlautuni\u03b8a 'freewoman'. So I've
merged this item with that.
Musclena[gentilicium]
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Found in CIE 2481.
AMMENDMENTS TO DRAFT 004
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Musni[gentilicium]
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It is the name mentioned on a candelabra (TLE 646).
mu\u03c7 [type of vessel for liquids]
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Found in TLE 157: Ei mu\u03c7 ara, an ei se\u03b8asri. I tentatively translate
this as \u201c(If one) lifts the [vessel] here, he shall be struck here.\u201d I
adamantly object to the common but completely ad hoc translation of

ei as a prohibitive meaning \u201cdo not!\u201d.
na\u03c7 [liquid-bearing vessel]
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Found in the plural in the Liber Linteus:na\u03c7va [LL 6.vi, 8.xxix]
(na.pl.),na\u03c7ve [LL 3.xviii] (loc.pl.).
neri [type of offering]
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Mentioned in the Liber Linteus in chapter 10 in the nomino-accusative
formneri and its genitiveneri\u015b.
Nestur
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From ET Vc 7.11.
ne\u03b8i\u015b 'belly, organ, viscera'
modifyAltering phonetics toneti\u015b. since this makes better sense if it comes
from Greek\u03bd\u03b7\u03b4\u03cd\u03c2 'viscera' with a medial -d-. It is also in line with the
attestednet\u015bvis in TLE 697 and978.
ne\u03b8i\u015bra\u03c7'haruspical '
modifySince this is a derivative of the above, this has also been changed to
neti\u015bra\u03c7(see ne\u03b8i\u015b).
pa\u03c7a\u03b8u'bacchant e'
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Based onpa\u03c7a\u03b8ura in TLE 195, under what I'm labelling as an
animate plural adessive. Etruscologists normally label the ending- a 'a
genitive ending' and assume that it is an old variant of-al. This makes
no sense to me at all considering the evidence of the same l-genitive
in a few other Aegean languages like Lemnian. Note Lemnian

\u03a6ukiasiale 'for the Phocaean' which can only be possible if the l-

genitive on which this dative in- ale is based (< genitive*- ala plus
locative-i) is at least as old as the parent of both Lemnian and
Etruscan preceding the 6th century BCE!

pesna [type of vessel containing
offerings of 'pes']
modifyChanged translation to '[vessel containing food offerings]'.
Pesna[gentilicium]
modifyChanged it to a male praenomen. Whoops, my bad.
pesnaiu [small type of vessel
containing offerings of 'pes']
modify[small vessel containing food offerings]
Pisce [male praenomen]
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Pisice is found in TLE 609.
\u03a6ersipanai[deity]
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I'm surprised I didn't have this already in my database which just goes
to show why I'm still in draft mode. There's a lot of data to go through
still. Anyways, this name is found in both CIE 5091 and CIE 5364
and its meaning is uncontroversial. I give the reconstructed
unsyncopated header\u03a6ersipanai based on the Greek form that it's
borrowed from:\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 (Persephon\u0113).

\u03a6uipa[m ythos]
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Borrowed from Greek, presumably Doric dialect with-a for the- \u0113 in
standard\u03a6\u03bf\u03af\u03b2\u03b7 (Phoib\u0113).
Rutilinaie[gentilicium]
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Found in TLE 382 asRutlnis in the genitive, heavily syncopated by
the 1st c. BCE.
san\u03c7une 'pertaining to oaths'
modifyChanged tosan\u03c7una. It seems to me thatsan\u03c7uneta is the nominative

unmarked formsan\u03c7una plus nominative enclitic-ita (*san\u03c7una-ita
>san\u03c7une-ta). It's assumed by Etruscologists to be a part of an
epithet of Selvans a priori without any secure historical evidence to
back up the claims. In this specific context, an epithet isn't unlikely
but the commonplace treatment ofsan\u03c7uneta as a single word or
name betrays ignorance of the language and grammar.

Separie[gentilicium]
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Based on genitiveSepres in TLE 52.
Sepunie[gentilicium]
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Based on genitiveSepunes in ET Cm 2.2.
\u015aetri[gentilicium]
modifyChanged toSe\u03b8ariia and reassigned it the value of '[female
praenomen]'.
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