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AMMENDMENTS TO DRAFT 005
1
Acilu [gentilicium, cognomen]
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Found in ET AH 1.11.
alil 'offering room'
modifyChanged translation to 'offertorium, offering room'.
Amin\u03b8[deit y]
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Found on a 3rd century mirror from Volsinii, ET Vs S.21 with a host of other deities and heros. The Bonfantes claimed that this winged child is similar to Eros and identified asAmor, the Roman personification of \u201cLove\u201d (Bonfante/Bonfante, The Etruscan Language: An

Introduction (2002), rev.ed., p.194). I'm rather skeptical of this claim

because it has been custom in the past to translate Etruscan words and
names through the misguided inspiration of Latin vocabulary, even
though the languages are not related. If this were an Etruscan name,
the underlying root would appear to beam \u201cto be\u201d, not \u201cto love\u201d.
Nonetheless, we can at least surmise thatAminth is equivalent in some
way to a Romangenius or guardian spirit.

Amuce[m ythos]
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Borrowed fromAmykos of Greek mythos, a barbarian king defeated
by Pollux after challenging the Argonauts to a boxing match.Amuke
is found on a 4th to 3rd century mirror from Tarquinia, ET Ta S.13.
This is a homophone ofamuce \u201c(he/she/it) has been, was\u201d, the
perfective preterite ofam \u201cto be\u201d, as found in the Pyrgi Tablets.

Aria\u03b8a \u201cAriadne [mythos]\u201d
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Found asAra\u03b8a in ET Vs S.21. I reason that if Greekdelta here was
pronounced with full voice (i.e. with early voicing onset as with
Frenchd), it would be particularly possible for Greek- d- to be
mistaken for an aspirated stop- \u03b8- particularly if Etruscan medial stops
alternated freely with voiced counterparts (n.b. voicing is not
phonemically distinctive in Etruscan anyway). I would also expect the
normalization of the odd cluster-dn- and omission of- n- given
Etruscan phonotactic constraints on clusters which are stricter than
those of Greek.

a\u015bu'sphinx'
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A hapax found on a fragment of a vase (TLE 766), written beside a
partial image of a winged sphinx. As far as I can tell, the exact
Egyptian word for 'sphinx' is unknown. The word 'sphinx' comes from
Greek and has a Greek etymology although some try to explain it as

Egyptian \u0161sp \u021dn\u1e2b 'living image', even though the Middle Egyptian
pronunciation of\u021dn\u1e2b was probably* \u0294 \u0101na\u1e2ba (> Sahidic Copticonx)
with the first vowel having conclusively a [+back][-round] quality as

in the 'o' of Canadian English 'pot' /p\u02b0\u0251t/ which is very dissimilar to
the Greek-i- insphinx. There's of course other possibilities
concerning this word that can't be ruled such as a) the word is merely
descriptive of the sphinx in the scene, b) the word is a personal name
of the sphinx, or c) it's part of a longer inscription that can't be
recovered from this fragment. I'm optimistic that through a careful
compilation of Etruscan vocabulary, with painstaking comparative
work with other Proto-Aegean languages such as Eteo-Cypriot and
Minoan, and with future archaeological discoveries, the meaning
behind this word may still one day be known.

Atilina[gentilicium]
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Found in TLE 156.
Avina[gentilicium]
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Found in the directive case asAvines in TLE 346.
a\u03b8eli [type of inanimate offering]
modifyChanged toa\u03b8il based on a grammatical reinterpretation of attested
a\u03b8eli\u015bin LL 5.xxii .
Cai\u015bra[city]
modifyModified form toCaizra. This has to do with how best to represent

these words while respecting underlying phonotactics. In this case, the
name is always represented asCaizra even though z regularly hardens
before certain phonemes like 'r'. While the phoneme was surely once a
sibilant speaking etymologically, this item has no possible
alternations in form to have made this evident in speech, unlike what

AMMENDMENTS TO DRAFT 005
2
we see in the verb stemacas (acasce versusacazri).
Capuva[city]
modifyCorrected type from 'na.(II)' to 'ni.(II)'.
Ca\u03b8arna [male praenomen]
modifyModified translation to [gentilicium]. TLE 876 mentions a person
named \u0398ana\u03c7vilus Ca\u03b8arnaial. I'm now understanding it as a
doubly-declined name to which the devotion was made. Thus
*\u0398ana\u03c7vil Ca\u03b8arna in the nomino-accusative case. So far, I've not
encountered another instance ofCa\u03b8arna and it appears to be a
hapax legomenon. Considering the pertinentive-ablative ending- na
which is often used for gentilicia however, it's likelier to be a family
name than the praenomen of a husband.
cena 'gift, offering'
modifyChanged form tocenna to better reflect what I think is the underlying

etymology (cen- plus pertinentive suffix-na). Double 'n' is non-
distinct in pronunciation from single 'n' in Etruscan, and so in spelling
single letters are usually used regardless.

Cleupatra [female praenomen]
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Found in CII 1056 and borrowed from Greek\u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1
(Cleopatra). I enter it under an unsyncopated form which would be
the original shape of the name when the Greek loan would have first
been borrowed.

Cleusinas[cit y]
modifyCorrected type from 'na.(II)' to 'ni.(II)'.
Cnaivie[gentilicium]
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Adding this to the preexisting identical entry as a male praenomen.
The name seems to be used as either, depending on context. InCIE
925 (lar : cnaeve), it must be a gentilicium. The name is derived from
LatinGnaeus.
Crauza\u03b8u \u201cof the Crauzae (gens)\u201dadd
Found in TLE 176 asCravza\u03b8uras in the genitive animate plural.
Cupana[gentilicium]
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Based onCupana [CIE 570] andCupna [CIE 571]. D'Aversa calls it
a cognomen.
Curtun[cit y]
modifyCorrected type from 'na.(II)' to 'ni.(II)'.
Curuna[gentilicium]
modifyChanged form toCurvana based on genitiveKurvena\u015b in TLE 669.
fav [verb for religious dedication]
modifyChanged form and translation tofau 'to receive' due to my ongoing
quest to standardize the phonotactics in my headings.
favi [a kind of place]
modifyChanged translation to 'offertorium, offering room'.
Hipucrate [male praenomen]
modifyChanged translation to '[male praenomen, gentilicium]' because in the

context of TLE 155 (a\u03c7apri Rutile Hipucrates), this name is behaving
like a gentilicium rather than a praenomen, despite its self-evident
source, the Greek praenomen\u0399\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (Hippokrat\u0113s).

Larezu [male praenomen]
modifyChanged form toLarizaiu due to phonotactic constraints, etymology
(obviously from the praenomenLariza) and evidence fromLarziu of
ET Cl 1.2002. This name is thus a diminutive form of its root (i.e.- iu
is a commonly used diminutive suffix).
Larza [male praenomen]
modifyChanged form toLariza and changed type from 'na.(I/II)' type to
'na.(I)'. I'm seperating data concerningLarza fromLarezu.
Lar\u03b8ia [female praenomen]
modifyChanged form toLar\u03b8iia because of phonotactic reasons (syllabic
constraints).
Lazi [male praenomen]
modifyChanged form and translation toLazie '[male praenomen]'. Whoops.

The gentilicia ending in genitive-s that accompany this praenomen
indicate thatLazie is a male name since a female's last name will
typically be marked in the locative case ending,- i. Example, TLE 30:

Mi tafina Lazia Vilianas. Hooray, I successfully nabbed another one
of my insidious typos.
Laziiu [male praenomen]
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Diminutive ofLazie (seeLazi above). It's found in CIE 3037 as
Laziu in the unmarked nomino-accusative case.
AMMENDMENTS TO DRAFT 005
3
Le\u03b8e [male praenomen]
modifyChanged form toLe\u03b8aie. The personal nameLe\u03b8aes is found in the
genitive in CIE 5043.
lin 'to slay'
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Found in the simple preterite asline in TLE 419.
Maiflna[gentilicium]
modifyModified form toMaifula na to conform to Proto-Etruscan

phonotactics as well as to Pfiffig's claim that this is a borrowed from
the Greek name\u039c\u03ae\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 (M\u0113phula). I'm currently seeking
verification of that name's existence. Note however Latin name

M\u0113flanus as well.
Marcena[gentilicium]
modifyChanged form toMarcina.
Mutu[cognomen]
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Found in the genitiveMutus in CIE 5037.
nati\u015b'haruspex'
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Based on TLE 405 wherenatis is inscribed on a gem with the image
of a man examining an organ and TLE 419. who inscription is
dedicated to natisal puia, presumably \u201cthe wife of the haruspex\u201d.

neti\u015b 'body organ, viscera'
modifyChanged the form and translation of the pre-existing entryneti\u015b

(distinct from the newly addednati\u015b) tonati\u015bvi\u015b 'haruspicy'. The
formnet\u015bvis is found twice, in TLE 697 and978. I previously
interpreted this as a genitive plural, but it appears thatnati\u015bvi\u015b may be
the singular nomino-accusative form in both of these inscriptions.

neti\u015bra\u03c7 'haruspical, pertaining to
haruspicy'
modifyChanged form tonati\u015bra\u03c7. I'm aligning together this word and other
related forms based on the same stem. (See undernati\u015b andneti\u015b.)
Pupluna 'Populonia [city]'
modifyModified form to unsyncopatedPupuluna based on Proto-Etruscan

phonotactics as well as the sound change ofp>f neighbouring
tautosyllabicu. Besides, the word is of Latin origin and it shows the
lost vowel:Popul\u014dnia. The belief that Latinpopulus is an Etruscan
word is borne out of desperation in finding a more adequate
etymology for that word, since there is no correlating word in attested
Etruscan. We musn't assume Etruscan etymologies to Latin words
whose purported Etruscan origins cannot be verified.

Pupluns 'Pupluns [deity]'
modifyModified form to unsyncopatedPupuluns based on Proto-Etruscan

phonotactics as well as the sound change ofp>f neighbouring
tautosyllabicu. Normally the deity is calledFufluns but he ultimately
must be of Latin origin where the lost vowel is shown:Popul\u014dnius.
The belief that Latinpopulus is an Etruscan word is borne out of
desperation in finding a more adequate etymology for that word, since
there is no correlating word in attested Etruscan. We musn't assume
Etruscan etymologies to Latin words whose purported Etruscan
origins cannot be verified.

rane'frog'
modifyChanged form and translation toran '[unknown transitive verb]' and

changed type from 'ni.(II)' to 'v.tr'. My idea of 'frog' was based on a loose possibility that Latinrana 'frog' is an Etruscan loan which is based on an interesting article from the Summer 2006 edition of

Etruscan News concerning ancient herb terminology (oddly enough)

but it's not yielding results for me. So I'm redirecting my focus
towards another crazy hunch pointing to Eteo-Cypriotra- nu that
would be a transitive participle if Etruscan morphology is any
indication and would possibly have a funerary connotation. What else
do we have but hunches so far?

Rufe[gentilicium]
modifyChanged form toRaufe because of its attestation in TCort xiv.
\u015aar\u015binaia[gentilicium]
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From TLE 154.
Semu [male praenomen]
modifyChanged form to\u015aemu based on TLE 670. (See under\u015aemuna.)
\u015aemuna[gentilicium]
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Based on its connection with\u015aemu as well asZemnal of CIE 2280
with initial sibilant hardened to an affricate. (See underSemu.)
Smucin\u03b8iuna[city]
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Based on ET OA 4.1: mi selvansl smucin\u03b8iunaitula. I'm assuming
of 00

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