magistrative positions. However, I'm curious of what if any arguments
exist to oppose simply interpreting final- c as a conjunctive. I believe
there are none. This word then would simply be formed onaisuna and
diminutive- iu. The resultant dipthong- ai- later became-e- towards
Late Etruscan.

Attested in TLE 233 asepr\u03b8nev- c with what I presume to an attached
conjunctive-c. The diphthong-ai- had coalesced to- e- during
recorded Etruscan history. Etymologically, it's likely formed on the
verbal rootapir.

Attested in TLE 105 with an inessive postclitic,cela- ti. I've been
skeptical ofcela meaning 'cella' as the Bonfantes have claimed (due to
the number of other ad hoc Etruscan-Latin comparisons they've
suggested), however, it seems to make the most sense since I can't
reconcile the final vowel-a in this word if it were truly a form ofcelu
'earth'. So in other words, there seem to be two very similar but
unrelated words at work here,celu 'earth' andcela 'cella', the latter
being a Latin borrowing.

means 'vessel' because of it being inscribed on an Attic kylix (a type
of vessel) in the phrase etun Hercles carucra. Thus I naturally
deduced it to mean: 'This, to Heracle, a vessel (was given).' Yet, the
underlying root ofcera\u03c7ra must surely becer 'to make', so the value
of 'creation' (i.e. referring to any sort of man-made object) might fit
better etymologically, hence 'This, to Heracle, a creation (was given).'

numeralsial\u03c7vei\u015b, a declined form of 'sixty', provides conclusive
external evidence to suggest that the underlying roots of all decadic
numerals in the earliest stage of Etruscan bear the simple suffix -al\u03c7
(< Pre-Proto-Etruscan*-al\u03c7u) and also that-al and- als represent
genitive and ablative case endings respectively.

numeralsial\u03c7vei\u015b, a declined form of 'sixty', provides conclusive
external evidence to suggest that the underlying roots of all decadic
numerals in the earliest stage of Etruscan bear the simple suffix -al\u03c7

this name is specifically Doric Greek\u039a\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1
(Klutaimn\u00e1stra). Given this origin, a most natural Etruscan
approximation of this foreign name would in fact be*Clu\u03b8amas\u03b8a
with accent on the initial syllable. Indeed, it's conceivable that

Merging data with entryar 'to rise up'. The verbar is well attested
already and it has enough instances for me to be certain of its
connotation of 'rising up' or 'lifting'. I've relied on a misreading of

instead. I had already dertermined that the sentence on the black-
finish vase, Eca ersce nac A\u03c7rum fler\u03b8rce, must mean 'This one rose
up when Acheron received gift'. In this context, rising would be
metaphor for resurrecting from Hades and would be an appropriate
translation given what we know of this legend of Greek origin.
Acheron, the embodiment of death and also one of the legendary
rivers to Hades, is receiving a human 'bribe' of one person in place of
another who is otherwise destined to die. Analysing the grammatical
composition of the verbersce, we can see that it's terminated by the
perfect preterite- ce and augmented by an aspectual marker- as-. The
change in vowel of the root is no different than what we observe with

whence we get the wordAetolia. However, on this mirror experts
have claimed that it refers to Aitolos' brother, Epeios, who is known
to have built the Trojan Horse thought to be depicted here.

modified meaning to 'age, lifetime'. Inscription ET Ta 8.1 showsesi-c
with conjunctive attached which may be the same word, although the
change of affricatez to sibilants would then require further
explanation. However, similar erosion is witnessed ine \u015bl-em 'taking
away two' (as in e\u015blem za\u03b8rum '18', lit. '20 taking away 2') derived
fromzal 'two'. Even so, the coherent motivation of such a sound
change in this particular word leaves me wanting.

and 5th centuries BCE (i.e. the earliest stages of attested Etruscan)
while the formfler occurs later. This leads me to believe that the two
words are related and that the change of initialm- to the closest
bilabial fricative available, namelyf, was a sporadic means to resolve
a word-initial cluster of two resonants. This change seems to occur
only withmler and not withmla\u03c7 'blessed' which instead appears to
have opted for epenthesis tomula\u03c7 as attested in the Liber Linteus.
The height of the vowel following the initial cluster may be a factor in
the differences between the paths of the two words.

not an attested spelling of the word, but it should be noted that a few
other words withp neighbouringu (such aspulum 'star') are
sometimes spelled withf, at least after 500 BCE. This seems to
indicate that the pronunciation ofp was weakened to a bilabial
fricative in these instances. I'm as yet undecided whether all instances
off neighbouringu in Etruscan are originally fromp (but it's really
starting to look like it). I'm currently looking into whetherpuznu in

in the Liber Linteus. I'm suspecting that these passages where the
word is used has some connection with the announcing of the
deceased's name three times by a relative during funerary rites. As
always, this is one of several ideas that I'm currently pursuing proof or
disproof for. It's worth a try. If the value is correct, it would probably
be of onomatopoeic origin.