COMPUTER SYSTEMS USED FOR BUSINESS PURPOSES............................................... 5 HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS................................................................................ 5 MICRO COMPUTERS............................................................................................... 7 MINI COMPUTERS.................................................................................................. 7 MAINFRAME CONFIGURATIONS............................................................................... 8 THE SYSTEM /360-370 FAMILY................................................................................ 9 MULTIPROCESSING.............................................................................................. 10 CHANNELS.......................................................................................................... 10 MEMBERS OF THE IBM MAINFRAME FAMILY............................................................. 11 PR/SM................................................................................................................ 11 INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES....................................................................................... 12 APPLICATIONS.................................................................................................... 15 CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF MAINFRAME OS...................................................... 17 A SMALL MAINFRAME COMPUTER CONFIGURATION.................................................. 19 MVS CONCEPTS ................................................................................................... 20 ADDRESS SPACES................................................................................................ 20 PAGING............................................................................................................. 22 EXPANDED STORAGE ............................................................................................ 22 SWAPPING.......................................................................................................... 22 THE MVS SYSTEM................................................................................................ 23

REDEFINES CLAUSE............................................................................................. 25 RENAMES CLAUSE................................................................................................ 26 USAGE CLAUSE................................................................................................... 27 USAGE IS DISPLAY............................................................................................... 27 COMP AND COMP-3 FIELDS................................................................................... 28 USAGE IS COMP-1............................................................................................... 28 USAGE IS COMP-2............................................................................................... 28 USAGE IS COMP-3............................................................................................... 29 DIFFERENT FORMS OF EVALUATE STATEMENT......................................................... 30 SEARCH and SEARCH ALL..................................................................................... 31 MEANING OF DEVICE NAME IN SELECT CLAUSE....................................................... 32 NEXT SENTENCE AND CONTINUE ........................................................................... 33 Why READ FILE and WRITE RECORD?..................................................................... 34 RETURN CODE OF INTERNAL SORT (IN A COBOL PROGRAM)...................................... 35 Static and Dynamic Subroutine CALLs..................................................................... 35 Static CALLs........................................................................................................ 35 Dynamic CALLs.................................................................................................... 36 EFFICIENT COBOL CODING TECHNIQUES............................................................... 38 INDEXES Vs SUBSCRIPTS ..................................................................................... 40

AWO Or NOAWO.................................................................................................. 42 OPTIMIZE (STD), OPTIMIZE (FULL) OR NOOPTIMIZE................................................. 42 SSRANGE Or NOSSRANGE..................................................................................... 43 TRUNC \u2013 BIN, STD OR OPT.................................................................................... 43 NUMPROC \u2013 NOPFD, MIG OR PFD........................................................................... 44 DYNAM Or NODYNAM............................................................................................ 44 RENT Or NORENT................................................................................................. 45 Run Time Options that Affect Run Time Performance................................................ 45

PDSE (PARTITIONED DATA SET EXTENDED)............................................................ 47 Allocating a PDSE................................................................................................. 47 Batch Allocation ................................................................................................... 47 TSO/E Allocation .................................................................................................. 48 ISPF Allocation.................................................................................................... 48 Creating PDSE Members........................................................................................ 50 Deleting PDSE Members........................................................................................ 50 IEBCOPY TO CONVERT A PDS TO PDSE................................................................... 50 IEBCOPY............................................................................................................. 51 To copy an entire PDS to another PDS..................................................................... 51 To convert a PDS to a PDSE................................................................................... 52 To copy an entire PDS to a sequential tape data set (Unloading)................................. 53 Loading (Restoring Unloaded copy from Tape to DASD)............................................. 53 Compressing data sets.......................................................................................... 53 Including members of PDS in a COPY command........................................................ 54 Excluding members of PDS in a COPY command....................................................... 54 Renaming a member while copying......................................................................... 54 Merging Partitioned Data Sets................................................................................ 55 IEBGENER........................................................................................................... 55 Sample IEBGENER JCL.......................................................................................... 56

NULL INDICATOR................................................................................................. 60 DBRM:............................................................................................................... 60 PLAN:................................................................................................................ 60 SYNONYM ........................................................................................................... 60 VIEWS................................................................................................................ 60 ARE THE VIEWS UPDATABLE ?............................................................................... 61 HOW TO RUN A DB2 BATCH PROGRAM.................................................................... 61 Why SELECT * is not preferred in embedded SQL programs?...................................... 62 SYNONYM and ALIAS........................................................................................... 62 How does DB2 store NULL physically?..................................................................... 62 What is the use of VALUE function?......................................................................... 62 FETCH FIRST n ROWS ONLY.................................................................................. 63 OPTIMIZE FOR n ROWS........................................................................................ 63

........................................................................................................................6 5 RUNSTATS.......................................................................................................... 66 IMAGECOPY........................................................................................................ 66 COALESCE Function in DB2.................................................................................... 66 QMF (Query Management Facility)......................................................................... 67 More on FORMS................................................................................................... 70

DEFINING THE IMS DATABASE............................................................................... 74 DBD................................................................................................................... 75 PSB.................................................................................................................... 75 IMS DL/I DATA BASE TYPES.................................................................................. 76 Data Entry Data Base (DEDB)............................................................................... 76 Main Storage Data Base (MSDB)........................................................................... 76 Hierarchical Direct Access Method (HDAM).............................................................. 76 Hierarchical Indexed Direct Access Method (HIDAM)................................................. 77 Hierarchical Sequential Access Method (HSAM)........................................................ 77 Hierarchical Indexed Sequential Access Method (HISAM).......................................... 77 Generalized Sequential Access Method (GSAM)........................................................ 77