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&cd kiftrsKd;om;owif;pm Zefe0g&Dv/ 2009 ckESpftwG  J( 3 )/ trSwf(1) pmrsufESm 1
Zefe0g&Dv 2009 ckESpftwG  J( 3 )/ trSwf(1)
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(KNLA
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KNLA
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(KNU)
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&cd  kiftrsKd;om;owif;pm Zefe0g&Dv / 2009 ckESpf
 
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pmrsufESm 2
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(Socio-economic Crises)
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Todk@jzifh tm;vHk; od&Sd=uo!fhtwdkif;jrefrmh'Drdkua&pD awmfvSefa&;}uD;onfatmifjrifr_uif;rJ  hpGm ESpf(20) oufwrf; umvudk ausmfvGefjzwfoef; cJh&+yD;wbufwGif t=uGif;rJh ppftm%m&SifpHepfonf oufqdk;&Snfoxuf &Snfvmaeayonf?TuJhodk@ESpf (20) jy!fhvGefumvwGif EdkifiHa&;oHk;oyfolrsm;utwdkuftcH tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; =um;wGifnD!Gwfa&; uif;rJhaoma=umifh ,ckvdkjrefrmEdkifiHY vufwqkyf ppf0g'Drsm;oufqdk;&Snf aeonf[k a0zefa&;om;vm=uonf? tu,fI 'Drd kua&pDtiftm; pkrsm; nD!Gwfaev#if etz ppftkyfpkudkatmifjrifpGmjzKwfcsEdkif+yD; vlxkw&yfvHk;vdkvm;o!fh 'Drdkua&pD pepfodk@tjrefqH k; toGiful;ajymif;Ed kifrnf[krSwf,l xm;aoma=umifh jzpfonf? tjyifyef;tm;jzifh=u!fhv#if TuJ  hodk@ xifjrif,lq csufonf vlwdkif; vufcHEdkifzG,f&Sdaomfvnf; tESpfom& tm;jzifhawmha,bk,s qefvGef;onf[kajym&ayrnf/ wu,fwrf; EdkifiHa&; jzpfpOftm; cGJjcrf;pdyfjzm =u!fhrnfqdkv#if nD!Gwfa&;onf jrefrmjynf'Drdkua&pDjzpfxGef;r_twGuft"du vdktifr[kwfbJ 'Drdku&ufwpfEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;. tem*wfudk tjrifus,fus,fvSrf;=u!f  hEd kifr_uif;rJ  haejcif;ESif  h r[mAsL[m ydkifqdkif&mt&yg tqifoifhjzpfraejcif;uom csdK@,Gif;csufjzpfaeonf [k,lq&ayrnf? vlrsdK;aygif;pHk yg0ifaeo!hfvlrsdK;aygif;pHk yg0ifaeo!hfvlrsdK;aygif;pHk yg0ifaeo!hfvlrsdK;aygif;pHk yg0ifaeo!hfvlrsdK;aygif;pHk yg0ifaeo!hf+refrmvlxkonf EdkifiHa&; Edk;=um;r_+refrmvlxkonf EdkifiHa&; Edk;=um;r_+refrmvlxkonf EdkifiHa&; Edk;=um;r_+refrmvlxkonf EdkifiHa&; Edk;=um;r_+refrmvlxkonf EdkifiHa&; Edk;=um;r_jrifhrm;+yD; nD!Gwfr_udk t+rJwrf;jrifhrm;+yD; nD!Gwfr_udk t+rJwrf;jrifhrm;+yD; nD!Gwfr_udk t+rJwrf;jrifhrm;+yD; nD!Gwfr_udk t+rJwrf;jrifhrm;+yD; nD!Gwfr_udk t+rJwrf;xkwfazmf jyoaecJh=uonf? &Spfq,fhxkwfazmf jyoaecJh=uonf? &Spfq,fhxkwfazmf jyoaecJh=uonf? &Spfq,fhxkwfazmf jyoaecJh=uonf? &Spfq,fhxkwfazmf jyoaecJh=uonf? &Spfq,fh&Spf vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD; (90)ck&Spf vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD; (90)ck&Spf vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD; (90)ck&Spf vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD; (90)ck&Spf vlxkta&;awmfyHk}uD; (90)cka&G;aumufyGJ &v'fESifh 2007 cka&G;aumufyGJ &v'fESifh 2007 cka&G;aumufyGJ &v'fESifh 2007 cka&G;aumufyGJ &v'fESifh 2007 cka&G;aumufyGJ &v'fESifh 2007 ckpufwifbm a&$0ga&mif awmfvSefa&;pufwifbm a&$0ga&mif awmfvSefa&;pufwifbm a&$0ga&mif awmfvSefa&;pufwifbm a&$0ga&mif awmfvSefa&;pufwifbm a&$0ga&mif awmfvSefa&;rsm;onf vlxk. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfjcif;rsm;onf vlxk. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfjcif;rsm;onf vlxk. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfjcif;rsm;onf vlxk. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfjcif;rsm;onf vlxk. pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfjcif;rsm;rS arG;xkwfay;cJho!fh wefzdk;rjzwfrsm;rS arG;xkwfay;cJho!fh wefzdk;rjzwfrsm;rS arG;xkwfay;cJho!fh wefzdk;rjzwfrsm;rS arG;xkwfay;cJho!fh wefzdk;rjzwfrsm;rS arG;xkwfay;cJho!fh wefzdk;rjzwfEkdifo!fh EdkifiHa&; toD;tyGifhrsm;Ekdifo!fh EdkifiHa&; toD;tyGifhrsm;Ekdifo!fh EdkifiHa&; toD;tyGifhrsm;Ekdifo!fh EdkifiHa&; toD;tyGifhrsm;Ekdifo!fh EdkifiHa&; toD;tyGifhrsm;jzpfonf? vlxk. ta&;}uHKv#ifjzpfonf? vlxk. ta&;}uHKv#ifjzpfonf? vlxk. ta&;}uHKv#ifjzpfonf? vlxk. ta&;}uHKv#ifjzpfonf? vlxk. ta&;}uHKv#ifoufvHk aumif;o!fh EdkifiHa&; pdwf"gwfoufvHk aumif;o!fh EdkifiHa&; pdwf"gwfoufvHk aumif;o!fh EdkifiHa&; pdwf"gwfoufvHk aumif;o!fh EdkifiHa&; pdwf"gwfoufvHk aumif;o!fh EdkifiHa&; pdwf"gwfESifh 'Drdkua&pD vdkvm;o!fhqENrsm;udkESifh 'Drdkua&pD vdkvm;o!fhqENrsm;udkESifh 'Drdkua&pD vdkvm;o!fhqENrsm;udkESifh 'Drdkua&pD vdkvm;o!fhqENrsm;udkESifh 'Drdkua&pD vdkvm;o!fhqENrsm;udkt+rJwrf; xif&Sm;pGm awG@jrifae& t+rJwrf; xif&Sm;pGm awG@jrifae& t+rJwrf; xif&Sm;pGm awG@jrifae& t+rJwrf; xif&Sm;pGm awG@jrifae& t+rJwrf; xif&Sm;pGm awG@jrifae& onfrSm cdkifrmo!fh aoG;pnf;jcif;ESifhonfrSm cdkifrmo!fh aoG;pnf;jcif;ESifhonfrSm cdkifrmo!fh aoG;pnf;jcif;ESifhonfrSm cdkifrmo!fh aoG;pnf;jcif;ESifhonfrSm cdkifrmo!fh aoG;pnf;jcif;ESifhvlr_t&if;tjrpfrsm;vlr_t&if;tjrpfrsm;vlr_t&if;tjrpfrsm;vlr_t&if;tjrpfrsm;vlr_t&if;tjrpfrsm;
(StrongSolidarity and Social Capital)
&Sdaejcif;a=umifhom jzpfonf[k&Sdaejcif;a=umifhom jzpfonf[k&Sdaejcif;a=umifhom jzpfonf[k&Sdaejcif;a=umifhom jzpfonf[k&Sdaejcif;a=umifhom jzpfonf[koHk;oyfv#if jiif;zG,f&m r&Sd[koHk;oyfv#if jiif;zG,f&m r&Sd[koHk;oyfv#if jiif;zG,f&m r&Sd[koHk;oyfv#if jiif;zG,f&m r&Sd[koHk;oyfv#if jiif;zG,f&m r&Sd[kxifonf?xifonf?xifonf?xifonf?xifonf? twdkuftcHygwD tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk avhvm=u!fhv#ifvnf; tm;vHk;wnDw!Gwfwnf; usifhoHk;vufcHo!fh'Drdkua&pD&&Sda&; rl0g'udk awG@&ayrnf?xdk@a=umifh nD!Gwfa&; E_d;aqmfoHonftay:,Hem;axmifI aumif;aompum;vH k; r#omjzpfae+yD; EdkifiHa&; jy\emtm;vufawG@usus vrf;jy ajz&Sif;ay;Edkifr!f  h tajzaumif;wckjzpfrvmEd kif[kxifonf? wu,fwrf;wGif jrefrmh 'Drdkua&pDwyfOD;udk OD;aqmif=uolrsm;Y =unfvifjywfom;o!fh vm;&mtjrif
( Clearand determined vision)
r&Sdjcif;a=umif  hjzpfay:vm&o!f  hpkaygif;OD;aqmifr_ uif;rJhaejcif;onfomv#if t"dutm;enf;csufjzpfvmcJ  h+yD; 'Drd kua&pDawmfvSef a&; txajrmuf atmifjrif+yD;pD;Ekdifr!fhvlxk. pdwf"gwfcGeftm;ESifh toufpGef@}udK;yrf; v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk tv[\jzKef;wD;ypfaecJhonf[kajym&ayrnf/ 19 &mpk*smref'\eynm&Sif a[a*vf
(Hegel)
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wrongvision
) wckjzpf&Hkomru ratmifjrifo!f  hr[mAsL[m
(failed stragey)
wckvnf; jzpfonf[k aumufcsufcsoH k;oyfEd kifrnfxifonf? wbufwGif tm;vHk; od&Sdxm;=uo!fhtwdkif; em*pfqdkifuvkef;rkefwd kif; wd kufcH&jcif;a=umif  hodef;csDaoqH k;+yD; oef;csDaom jynfolvlxkrsm; twd'kuQa&mufum u,folrJhaeo!fh =um;rStwkta,mif qENcH,lyGJudk usif;yIetzppftkyfpk.zG  J@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccH Oya'tm; arv(29)&uf2008 ckESpfwGif twnfjyKcJh=uonf/ ppftm%m&Sifpepfqdk;tm; qGJqef@oGm;Edkifa&;udk t"du&nfrSef;o!fh TzGJ@pnf;yHktm; twnfjyKvd kufjcif;onf&mpkw0uf=um jynfwGif; ppfESif  hEd kifiHa&;jy\emrsm;a=umif  htarSmif twd zHk;v$rf;cHae&o!f hwdkif;jynftm;xyfrHI teufa&mifcs,fovdkufjcif;om jzpfonf? wenf;ajym&aomftarSmifxJY tarSmifud kxGef;!S  djcif;om jzpf+yD; tvif;ud k &SmazGjcif; r[kwfyg? trsdK;om; v$wfawmf ESifhjynfol@v$wfawmfwGif vlxkrJqENwjym;rSrygbJtcGif  hxl;cHtrwfrsm; tjzpf ae&m,lxm;=ur!fh ppfAdkvfrsm;uom}uD;pdk; cs,fvS,fcGifhudk tjy!fht0ay;xm;o!f  hxd kzG  J @pnf;yH konf'Drd kua&pD. tajccH tESpfom&ESifh vHk;0qef@usifaeonfrSm txl;ajymp&myifrvd kawmhay? xdk@a=umifh xdkzGJ@pnf;yHktm; toufoGif;usif  hoH k;vmr!f  htpd k;&ud kvnf; t&yfom; tpdk;&[kac:qdkEdkifrnfr[kwfyg? pifppftm;jzif  hvuf&S  dpepftm; yH kpHwrsdK;jzif  hrGrf;rH cs,foxm;o!fh yHkpHwckom jzpfonf?xdkzG  J@pnf;yHkt& v$wfawmfrsm;wGif vlxk oabmxm;ESifh xyfwlusaom Oya'jyKEdkifr_rsm; uif;rJhvmEdkifovdk zGJ@pnf;yHkyk'frrsm; tm;jyifqifa&;qGJ jyXmef;EdkifcGifh ud kvnf; wif;usyfpGmxdef;csKyfxm;onfud k awG@&onf?yGifhvif;pGm ajym&v#if vuf&Sdjrefrmjynf. tajctaeonf"m;jy*dk%f; }uD; wcku &Gmw&Gmtm;0ifpD;xm;o!fhtaetxm;rsdK;yifjzpfaeonf? rk'drf;usifhvl owfwwf+yD; EdkifiHa&;tjrif vHk;0r&Sdo!fh etz ppftkyfpku csKyfudkifxm;aom wyfrawmf[k ac:wGifaeo!fh'Duae@umv jrefrmhppfwyfonf tjyifyef;tm;jzif  hom Ed kifiHwEd k  fifiH. ppfwyftjzpf owfrSwfI &Edkifaomfvnf; tESpfom& tm;jzifhawmh cdk;qdk;vk,uf vlowf
nDnDaxG;(e,fomvef)nDnDaxG;(e,fomvef) nDnDaxG;(e,fomvef)nDnDaxG;(e,fomvef) nDnDaxG;(e,fomvef)
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