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Illu
s
tration Ba
s
i
c
s
for Writ
e
r
s
 
By Carol Baicker-McKee
doodlesandnoodles.blogspot.comrt19writers.blogspot.com
 
Why Pi
c
tur
e
Book Writ
e
r
s
N
ee
d to Und
e
r
s
tand Illu
s
tration
 
Market is insanely tight
 
 
Award winners are disproportionately writer-illustrators
 – 
 
and there’s a reason for that
 
 
Understanding illustration enables you to write picture books that are more appealing to editors, potential illustrators, buyers and award committees
 – 
not to mention to kids.
 
 
Best picture books tell the story through a marriage, not just hooking up, of words and images.
Wh 
 
t  
Wild Thing 
Ar 
 
Icky word alert: synergy.
 Pi
c
tur
e
Book Anatomy and D
e
s
ign
 
Numb
e
r and Ord
e
r of Pag
e
s
 
o
 
32 is usual. Almost always a multiple of 8 or 16, because of how books are printed and bound.(Used to see more 48 page books; now are seeing more 24 page books. Board books often haveeven fewer pages.) Page one and page 32 stand alone, rest are spreads with the even numbered page on the left and the odd number on the right. See sample.
o
 
End papers. Illustrated or decorated ones are less common these days because of cost concerns(but are frequently considered by award committees).
Depending on how end papers “work” they
may give you more or fewer pages to work with.
Can also start “telling” the st
ory on themvisually. Design issue decided by publisher, not author.
 
o
 
Front and Back Matter 
 – 
Usually need to leave 1-5 pages for front matter (half-title, title,
dedication, copyright). Back matter is occasional, more common in nonfiction. Author’s note,
recipe, references, afterward, etc.
 
 
Shap
e
and Siz
e
Con
s
id
e
ration
s
 
o
 
Shapes and Layouts
 
Tall rectangles are most common. (
Mi 
.
) Good for most stories. Long rectangles suggesta journey. (See
Th 
Rid 
,
Appl 
Pi 
). Square good for stories that circle back to beginning (
Ch 
ee 
). Shape usually decided by illustrator, but sometimes by art director or editor. Market influences.
 
o
 
Full spreads, single page and spot illustrations. Variety tends to be desirable. Mix affects how
many “illustrations” there are. Different o
nes for different purposes. E.g.: Lists
 – 
work well withspots. Big moments
 – 
full spreads.
 
 
R
e
lation
s
hip b
e
tw
ee
n t
e
xt and illu
s
tration
; other design elements. In the best books, words and pictures work together, each carrying own weight, not simply replicating the other (unless somethingrequires as much explanation or emphasis as possible)
 – 
and creating something new and special byrelationship between them. Also have to consider balance on each page/spread between amount (andshape)of text and size/complexity of needed illustration. Developmental level of audience. White space.
 El
e
m
e
nt
s
of a Highly Illu
s
tratabl
e
T
e
xt
 – 
 
lots of exceptions, but good general rules. Don’t be the
exception asa newbie
 – 
 
save that for later when you’re a recognized master.
 
 
 
Leaves space for the illustrator’s storytelling
.
 
Most important take-
away lesson. Don’t hog the ball.
Let the illustrator make decisions, play an important role.
Ch 
ee 
p! 
as an example. Wordless texts like
Wiesner’s.
 
 
Avoid
s
d
e
s
c
ribing what
c
an b
e
 
s
hown
You need less description than you think. Have to relinquishcontrol sometimes, even it means things are different from what you envision.
 
 
A
c
tion-h
e
avy
 
 – 
 
must be “showable
.
Granny book example. Thinking is hard to show, for example, asare a series of feelings divorced from action.
 
Allow
s
for vi
s
ual vari
e
ty
More than one setting. (
Goodnigh 
t  
Moon 
vs
.
Goodnigh 
t  
Gorilla 
) Suggestsneed for variety of POV, depth, full spreads vs. stand-alone pages vs. spots. Amount of variety,necessary detail, etc. is appropriate for developmental level of audience.
C
ee 
vs.
Mi 
vs.
Appl 
Pi 
 
 
Sugg
e
s
t
s
rhythm and balan
ce
 
Illustrations that can be repeated, with a variation are good. So issuggestion of balanced illustrations at beginning and end, and something big for the big moment.
 
 
Fit
s
 
c
omfortably in 32 pag
e
s
.
 
Can be tricky to have right number of scenes. Like writing a screenplay.Scenes and acts (often page turns)
 
 
*Cr
e
at
e
s
or allow
s
t
e
n
s
ion b
e
tw
ee
n word
s
and imag
e
s
 
This is hard
 – 
but the characteristic most likelyto be in an author-illustrator book and absent in an author+illustrator one.
Emily Gravett’s
Wolv 
; last
 page of Ellen Stoll Walsh’s
Mou 
Pain 
t  
,
Th 
Du 
b Bunni 
, same branch spread in
Owl Babi 
 
(Waddell and Patrick Benson). Can create humor, other emotions. Makes reader feel powerful
 – 
sensethat he knows things that character might not.
A Pro
ce
ss
for Writing a Highly Illu
s
tratabl
e
T
e
xt
 
Planning and Fir
s
t Draft
Right from the start keep demands of a book that will be illustrated in mind.(
Th 
Rid 
again
 – 
so much at night. In the dark. What saves it.) Write the first draft though, putting ineverything you need/want to say. DO NOT FUSS OVER LANGUAGE AND GETTINGEVERYTHING PERFECT YET.
 
 
Dividing Up th
e
T
e
xt
 – 
 
making sure it works in 32 pages. I do it first on the ms. Takes many tries to getit to fit. Then:
 
o
 
Storyboard
 – 
many illustrators do these as 1
st
step. Use stick figures, blobs, etc. (Even illustratorsdo.)
o
 
Dummy
 – 
I prefer these. Thumbnail dummies. Gives better sense of page turns and whether thesuspense or momentum are adequate. Again, stick figures, primitive backgrounds are fine.
o
 
Annotated Text
 – 
may be easier for non-drawing people, especially in terms of including detailsthat you can then decide to omit from text.
o
 
Important considerations:
 
Page turns
 – 
something has to make you want to go onto the next spread.
E
h P 
ar
ar Pl
 
 
Variety, rhythm, repetition, balance
 – 
 
can’t have too much or too little on each spread.
Balance between amount of text and amount of illustration needed.
 
The big moment. Sometimes the big illustration actually follows this. But make sure itcomes after a page turn and consider allotting a full spread for it.
Mi 
 
 
Last image. Has to be something that gives a sense of completion. Might echo earlier image (like beginning) but with a twist.
 
Cutting and Changing (with an
e
mpha
s
i
s
on
c
utting)
Now you should be able to see what you cantake out. See if you need to change the order, add or subtract scenes to make it fit, etc.
 
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