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Name: ______________________ 
SOL Review: Government and the NewRepublic
Part 1: New Ideas About Government
No More Kings! People have RIGHTS and POWER
.
Most of the countries in Europe were ruled by a _______________. This form of government is called
monarchy
. The American colonies were part of theBritish empire, so they were ruled by the British king. In a monarchy, theking or queen has all of the power. The regular people do not have anypower and often do not have any rights. The king or queen makes all of thedecisions.
 John Locke
knew that a monarchy is not the best form of government. Hebelieved that all people are born with rights, called ________________ rights.He said that all people have the right to life, liberty, and ____________________. John Locke even said that the people get to decide how powerful they wanttheir government to be. Most importantly, he said that government MUST ____________________________. The colonists were dissatisfied with the British king for many reasons. Theydid not think that the king was protecting their rights. They read about theideas of John Locke and realized that maybe they could get rid of the kingand form a new, better form of government.
Thomas Paine
wrote about these new ideas in a way that everyone couldunderstand in his pamphlet, called ______________________________. Soon,everyone was talking about rebelling against the king. The Revolution hadbegun!
In 1776, Thomas Jefferson
wrote the ___________________________________ to explain why the American colonists wanted to break free from the Britishempire. He stated that all men have “certain unalienable rights”: life,liberty, and ____________________________________. He said that people have a
 
right and a duty to ____________ a government that does not protect theserights.While the colonists were fighting for their independence, they formed theirown new government, called the __________________________________________. This was our first national government. The colonists absolutely did NOT want another strong leader (like a king) andthey did NOT want a powerful central government that could control themwith taxes and other laws. So their first government, the
Articles of Confederation
was a very ____________ central government. There was notan executive branch, only a _________________________. The government couldNOT _________ or regulate trade. The Americans were determined to have awhole new kind of government. No more king! No more taxes! No more big,strong, central government!Of course, if the central government is very weak, then things are not goingto be very organized. This first government, the Articles of Confederation,did not work out well. American leaders soon realized that they needed tocreate something better. They met in Philadelphia to write the United States __________________________, which remains the supreme law of our land.
 
Part 2: Which should be more powerful?The National Government or the StateGovernments?
Articles of Confederation – No Central Power
Our first government, written during the Revolution, called the Articles of Confederation said that the central government should be __________ . Tomake sure that the states would be equally powerful, each state had one _________ in Congress, regardless of size.
Constitution – Nation and States Share Power, NationalPower is Limited
 The
Constitution
was written so that the national government and the stategovernments could share the power equally. Some powers were given to thenational government and other powers were given to the states. This iscalled our ___________________ system. The national government is divided into _______ branches. This idea camefrom James Madison’s ___________________ Plan. The national government is divided into branches so that all of the power isnot held by one person or group. Each branch has some control over theother branches. This is called our system of  ____________________________________. The Constitution also guarantees our individual rights, such as the freedomof speech and the freedom of religion. These rights are listed in the ___________________________, written by _______________________________.
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