Introduction 2.1Protection equipment 2.2Zones of protection 2.3Reliability 2.4Selectivity 2.5Stability 2.6Speed 2.7Sensitivity 2.8Primary and back-up protection 2.9Relay output devices 2.10Relay tripping circuits 2.11Trip circuit supervision 2.12
•
2
•
FundamentalsofProtection Practice
Chap2-4-15 21/06/02 10:42 Page 4
Network Protection & Automation Guide• 5 •
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of an electrical power system is to generateand supply electrical energy to consumers. The systemshould be designed and managed to deliver this energyto the utilisation points with both reliability andeconomy. Severe disruption to the normal routine of modern society is likely if power outages are frequent orprolonged, placing an increasing emphasis on reliabilityand security of supply. As the requirements of reliabilityand economy are largely opposed, power system designis inevitably a compromise.A power system comprises many diverse items of equipment. Figure 2.2 shows a hypothetical powersystem; this and Figure 2.1 illustrates the diversity of equipment that is found.
•
2
•
FundamentalsofProtection Practice
Figure 2.1: Modern power station
Chap2-4-15 21/06/02 10:42 Page 5
Network Protection & Automation Guide
•
2
•
F u n d a m e n t a l s o f P r o t e c t i o n P r a c t i c e
• 6•
Figure 2.
Figure 2.2: Example power system
R
1
R
2
G
1
G T
1
T
2
R RG
3
G
4
T
10
T
11
T
14
T
16
T
17
T
15
T
12
T
13
R
5
R
6
G
5 6
T
7
T
8
R
7
G
7
T T
5
T
6
T
3
T
4
L
2
L L
4
L
1A
L
7A
L
5
L
6
L
8
L
7B
L
1B
A80kV 80kV 80kV 110kV
Hydro power station
BC B
'
33kV C
'
80kV
CCGT power station
E D220kV
Steam power stationriubstation
F 33kV D
'
110kV 80kV G
'
G
Grid
380kV F
'
Chap2-4-15 21/06/02 10:42 Page 6
of 00
02 Fundamentals
1,362 Reads
Info and Rating
| Category: | Uncategorized. |
| Rating: | |
| Upload Date: | 02/25/2009 |
| Copyright: | Attribution Non-commercial |
| Tags: |
Leave a Comment