24.1. Early examples of substation automation used thecentralised concept, due to limitations in technology,both of processor power and communication techniques.Latest examples use a distributed architecture, in that anumber of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED’s) – such asmicroprocessor based relays – may be linked via amultidrop serial link to a local processor. The localprocessor may control one or more bays in a substation.All of the local processors are, in turn, connected to aHuman Machine Interface (or HMI), and possibly also toa local or remote SCADA system for overall networkmonitoring/control.
24.2.1 System Elements
The main system elements in a substation control systemare:
a.
IED’s, implementing a specific function orfunctions on a circuit or busbar in a substation.The most common example of an IED is amicroprocessor based protection relay, but it couldalso be a microprocessor based measurementdevice, interface unit to older relays or control, etc.
b.
Bay Module (or controller). This device willnormally contain all of the software required forthe control and interlocking of a single bay (feeder,etc.) in the substation, and sufficient I/O tointerface to all of the required devices required formeasurement/protection/control of the bay. TheI/O may include digital and analogue I/O (forinterfacing to discrete devices such as CB close/tripcircuits, isolator motors, non-microprocessor basedprotection relays) and communications links (serialor parallel as required) to IED’s
c.
Human Machine Interface (HMI). This is theprincipal user interface and would normally takethe form of a computer. The familiar desktop PC iscommonly used, but specialised computers are alsopossible, while normally unmanned substationsmay dispense with a permanently installed HMIand rely on operations/maintenance staff bringinga portable computer equipped with the appropriatesoftware with them when attendance is required.It is usual to also provide one or more printerslinked to the HMI in order to provide hard-copyrecords of various kinds (Sequence of Eventsrecorder, alarm list, etc.)
d.
A communications bus or busses, linking thevarious devices. In a new substation, all of theelements of the automation system will normallyuse the same bus, or at most two busses,to obtain cost-effectiveness. Where a substationautomation system is being retrofitted to anexisting substation, it may be necessary to useexisting communications busses to communicatewith some existing devices. This can lead to amultiplicity of communications busses within theautomation system
e.
A link to a remote SCADA system. This may beprovided by a dedicated interface unit, be part of the HMI computer or part of an IED. It perhapsmay not be provided at all – though since one of the benefits of substation automation is thecapability of remote control/ monitoring, thiswould be highly unusual. It may only occur duringa staged development of an automation scheme ata time when the bay operations are beingautomated but the substation is still manned, priorto implementing remote control capability
24.2.3 System Requirements
A substation control/automation scheme will normallybe required to possess the following features:
a.
control of all substation electrical equipment froma central point
b.
monitoring of all substation electrical equipmentfrom a central point
c.
interface to remote SCADA system
d.
control of electrical equipment in a bay locally
e.
monitoring of electrical equipment in a bay locally
•
24
•
S u b s t a t i o n C o n t r o l a n d A u t o m a t i o n
Network Protection & Automation Guide• 424•
Outstation(b) Distributed topologyControl Centre(a) Centralised topologyOutstationsOutstationOutstationOutstationOutstationOutstationControlcentreControlcentreControlcentre
Figure 24.1: Basic substation automationsystem topologies
Chap24 exe 20/06/02 15:15 Page 424
Leave a Comment
I can not download the file, I need urgent help please
my traning by drawings and therey
good explan mater mof therery