Challenging Genetics: Study Guide
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About this ebook
Challenging Genetics: Study Guide contains a summary of the chapters on genetics. It is composed of two main parts which include classic genetics and molecular genetics. A brief summary of all the topics is provided in each chapter, and can be used by students of universities, colleges, and even high schools. This book is the companion book of Challenging Genetics: Test Bank in which numerous multiple choice questions are categorized in 19 chapters and the complete explanation and the answer key is provided for each and every question.
Arvin Ghazarian
Arvin Ghazarian was born in 1980 in the city of Tehran, capital of Iran. He studied sciences at high school and received his bachelor of science’s degree in Cell and Molecular Biology from Tehran University, the highest ranking university in the country. He had his master of sciences education in Medical Genetics at the same university, a course that only 3 people could be accepted per year. He ranked #2 in that nationwide entrance exam. Currently he lives in Los Angeles, California, The United States. He is a passionate and dedicated tutor, having multiple students which are preparing for various courses and examinations. Apart from tutoring, he also is in the process of writing and publishing a series of e-books based on his own knowledge and experience, called The Challenging Biology series, including genetics, cell biology, biochemistry, microbiology, general biology, etc. He is the owner of the website ChallengingBiology.com, in which he publishes his e-books and promotes them. Apart from his passion for biology, he has an obsession with music, especially metal. He also loves playing basketball, and actually was the co-captain of his university basketball team. He also enjoys watching movies (Lord of the Rings and Star Wars being his addictions), running or walking early in the morning, hanging out with friends, and so on. But his greatest passion still remains to be BIOLOGY!
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Challenging Genetics - Arvin Ghazarian
CHALLENGING GENETICS
Arvin Ghazarian
Copyright 2012 Arvin Ghazarian
Smashwords Edition
License Notes
This e-book is licensed to improve your personal knowledge only. This e-book may not be resold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you are reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1- Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
Chapter 2- Mendelian Genetics
Chapter 3- Non- Mendelian Genetics
Chapter 4- Genetics of Sex
Chapter 5- Linkage, Crossing Over, and Mapping in Eukaryotes
Chapter 6- Genetic Recombination and Mapping in Prokaryotes and Bacteriophages
Chapter 7- Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Chapter 8- The Arrangement and Structure of Chromosomes
Chapter 9- Chromosomal Mutations
Chapter 10- Population Genetics
Chapter 11- The Structure of Nucleic Acids
Chapter 12- DNA Replication
Chapter 13- RNA Transcription and Processing
Chapter 14- Translation and the Genetic Code
Chapter 15- Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Chapter 16- Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
Chapter 17- Gene Mutations, DNA Repair, and Mobile Elements
Chapter 18- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Chapter 19- Genetics of Cancer
References
About the Author
Preface
Challenging Genetics: Study Guide is an e-book which summarizes the concepts of genetics. It includes the main branches of the science of genetics: classic genetics and molecular genetics. In this book you will find chapters as diverse as Mendelian genetics, nucleic acid structure, cancer genetics, biotechnology, and so on. The author has tried to make a concise reference e-book using a variety of well-known textbooks of genetics; but the author emphasizes that this is not a whole textbook, but a brief summary of the main ideas and concepts of this science. This e-book is the companion book of Challenging Genetics: Test Bank, which includes several hundred multiple choice questions with complete and wholesome answers and explanations for each question. Challenging Genetics series can be used by a lot of people, including but not limited to high school students, college students, university students, teachers, professors, and anyone who wants to prepare for a genetics exam or test, or simply anyone who wants to learn about this magnificent and progressive field of science.
Chapter 1
Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
The cell cycle has two main phases, interphase and division. Interphase includes first gap (G1), synthesis (S), and second gap (G2). The cell division is either mitosis or meiosis.
The cells that not undergo division (including muscle and nerve cells) enter a stage called G0 which is technically a part of the G1 stage. During interphase, the nuclear envelope is intact and the genetic material is in the form of chromatin, which is invisible by light microscope. During G1, the cell prepares for DNA replication and during the S stage, the DNA replication occurs. During G2, the cell prepares to undergo cell division.
Cell Division: Mitosis
In mitosis, the mother cell is in the 2n chromosome form. This division results in 2 daughter cells with 2n chromosomes each. For further ease, the mitosis division has been further divided into 4 stages:
1- Prophase: It is the longest stage of mitosis. In animal cells, 2 pairs of centrioles migrate toward the opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear envelope begins to disappear, the nucleolus disassembles and chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes. The spindle fibers