Learning Mechanisms: A Tutorial Study Guide
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About this ebook
“Learning Mechanisms” is a book chapter of the college-level textbook for the book volume in the Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology course. It is a part of the Science Textbook Series authored by Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D. that also includes the Principles of Biology course.
This book is written with specific pedagogical considerations to facilitate students' learning. It applies the proven best practices to motivate students in learning. It uses multiple pedagogical methodologies to engage students in active learning by participating in the knowledge acquisition process. It stimulates the curiosity of students by asking them questions and answering them immediately. It guides the students in their comprehension of knowledge by using examples and by giving them detailed explanations following the answers.
This book uses a step-by-step tutorial approach to walk through the process of refinement in learning — leading students by asking a simple question first, then followed by a more in-depth question. This helps students understand each principle in an incremental fashion. It solves a complex problem without overwhelming the students.
This tutorial approach breaks down a complex problem by addressing the puzzle one piece at a time. Students will then learn the methodology of scientific inquiry by following the author’s (instructor’s) lead one step at a time. It solves a problem by asking in-depth questions incrementally. The author (instructor) demonstrates the problem-solving process by illustrating how to solve a problem using the materials presented in the book chapter.
The technique is the question-and-answer inquiry-learning process. It uses the contents of the chapter materials as examples to illustrate how to find out the answers by asking questions. It explains the principles and concepts without needing the traditional narrative description of some complex phenomena. It subdivides the problems into small chunks of knowledge for students to acquire.
The goal-directed learning process is one of the pedagogical methods used in this book to facilitate students' inquiry-learning. It uses a targeted problem-solving process by homing in the problem. It applies the computer science theory in problem-solving to teach effective problem-solving using a highly efficient binary-search methodology as a pedagogical principle to teach students how to learn efficiently.
The binary-search (divide-and-conquer) method is essentially breaking down a complex problem by half each time and discard the irrelevant half of the solution space repeatedly. So students don't need to spend time on irrelevant materials and focus mainly on what is relevant. This process is done by asking a simple question first, then getting an immediate answer for the specific question without wasting time on other irrelevant content. The binary-search method then iterates the process of divide-and-conquer by keep subdividing the solution space into halves and then exploring the relevant half while discarding the irrelevant half. When the problem cannot be subdivided anymore, the final answer becomes the solution automatically.
Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D.
Dr. Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D., is an author and a university professor with a Ph.D. degree in Physiology and 3 bachelor's degrees in Computer Science, Physics, and Astrophysics.She uses innovative teaching methods to challenge students and engage them to participate in learning. The books she has written are intuitive, easy-to-read and understand because she applies the theories of learning gained from her neurobiological research.The pedagogy uses immediate feedback to provide answers to questions instantly to accelerate the rate of learning and knowledge acquisition. The interactive and self-paced method allows students to explore knowledge modularly and incrementally without a pre-defined path of exploration.The brain-compatible pedagogy was inspired by the results of her brain research, which identified how decisions are affected by emotions using a neurobiological model of emotions she has created.She has teaching experience in physiology, neuroscience, and neuropsychopharmacology.
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Learning Mechanisms - Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D.
Learning Mechanisms
A Tutorial Study Guide
Nicoladie Tam, Ph. D.
Copyright © 2021 by Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D.
ISBN 978-1-301-72953-1
All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced or circulated in any form without prior written permission of the author, except for brief quotations in critical review articles. This condition is imposed on all acquirers of this publication.
This book uses innovative pedagogy to advance knowledge in education, scholarship, and research by publishing worldwide as an independent publisher.
Authored by: Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D.
Published by: Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D.
First Published: August 20, 2013
Revision Date: December 19, 2021
Edition: 2nd
ISBN (eBook): 9781301729531
ISBN (paperback): 9798787490954
ISBN (audiobook):
Book statistics: 18,379 words, 806 paragraphs, 59 printed pages
Keywords: learning mechanisms, learning, brain, neuroscience, biology, study guide, tutorial
Book series: Science Textbook Series, authored by Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D.
Produced and published in the United States of America.
The printed version of this eBook is also available in PDF format.
Preface
Learning Mechanisms
is a book chapter of the college-level textbook for the book volume in the Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology course. It is a part of the Science Textbook Series authored by Nicoladie Tam, Ph.D. that also includes the Principles of Biology course.
This book is written with specific pedagogical considerations to facilitate students' learning. It applies the proven best practices to motivate students in learning. It uses multiple pedagogical methodologies to engage students in active learning by participating in the knowledge acquisition process. It stimulates the curiosity of students by asking them questions and answering them immediately. It guides the students in their comprehension of knowledge by using examples and by giving them detailed explanations following the answers.
This book uses a step-by-step tutorial approach to walk through the process of refinement in learning — leading students by asking a simple question first, then followed by a more in-depth question. This helps students understand each principle in an incremental fashion. It solves a complex problem without overwhelming the students.
This tutorial approach breaks down a complex problem by addressing the puzzle one piece at a time. Students will then learn the methodology of scientific inquiry by following the author’s (instructor’s) lead one step at a time. It solves a problem by asking in-depth questions incrementally. The author (instructor) demonstrates the problem-solving process by illustrating how to solve a problem using the materials presented in the book chapter.
The technique is the question-and-answer inquiry-learning process. It uses the contents of the chapter materials as examples to illustrate how to find out the answers by asking questions. It explains the principles and concepts without needing the traditional narrative description of some complex phenomena. It subdivides the problems into small chunks of knowledge for students to acquire.
The goal-directed learning process is one of the pedagogical methods used in this book to facilitate students' inquiry-learning. It uses a targeted problem-solving process by homing in the problem. It applies the computer science theory in problem-solving to teach effective problem-solving using a highly efficient binary-search methodology as a pedagogical principle to teach students how to learn efficiently.
The binary-search (divide-and-conquer) method is essentially breaking down a complex problem by half each time and discard the irrelevant half of the solution space repeatedly. So students don't need to spend time on irrelevant materials and focus mainly on what is relevant. This process is done by asking a simple question first, then getting an immediate answer for the specific question without wasting time on other irrelevant content. The binary-search method then iterates the process of divide-and-conquer by keep subdividing the solution space into halves and then exploring the relevant half while discarding the irrelevant half. When the problem cannot be subdivided anymore, the final answer becomes the solution automatically.
Objectives (and Concepts to Learn) Section in this Book
This book is organized based on the pedagogical principles of higher learning. Each chapter starts with the Objectives
and Concepts to Learn
to introduce what are expected to learn. The Overview
and Summary
provide a concise summary of the contents of the materials, the key principles, and the concepts to be learned. This provides the expectation of what the learning outcomes would be right at the beginning to prepare for students to anticipate what is expected to learn.
Q&A (Question-and-Answer) Section in this Book
The core of the tutorial lies in the Q&A (question-and-answer ) section where questions are answered immediately followed by detailed explanations of the principles and concepts. Examples are often given to illustrate the concepts and apply them in real life. This question-and-answer approach in the tutorial engages students in learning by stimulating their curiosity. It rewards students by answering the question thoroughly with detailed explanations immediately following each answer.
Critical, Analytical, and Creative Thinking Section in this Book
Finally, each chapter and section ends with review questions to summarize what they have learned by putting them together and analyzing what they have learned. The review questions are subdivided into Critical Thinking Questions,
Analytical Thinking Questions,
and Creative Thinking Questions.
These open-ended questions are designed to stimulate students' thinking by asking questions that require thinking-out-of-the-box instead of thinking-inside-the-box.
1. Learning Mechanisms
Objectives
Understand the different biological mechanisms for learning
Understand the relationship between learning and memory
Concepts to Learn
Adaptation
Associative