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After Every War: Twentieth-Century Women Poets
After Every War: Twentieth-Century Women Poets
After Every War: Twentieth-Century Women Poets
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After Every War: Twentieth-Century Women Poets

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They are nine women with much in common—all German speaking, all poets, all personal witnesses to the horror and devastation that was World War II. Yet, in this deeply moving collection, each provides a singularly personal glimpse into the effects of war on language, place, poetry, and womanhood.

After Every War is a book of translations of women poets living in Europe in the decades before and after World War II: Rose Ausländer, Elisabeth Langgässer, Nelly Sachs, Gertrud Kolmar, Else Lasker-Schüler, Ingeborg Bachmann, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Dagmar Nick, and Hilde Domin. Several of the writers are Jewish and, therefore, also witnesses and participants in one of the darkest occasions of human cruelty, the Holocaust. Their poems, as well as those of the other writers, provide a unique biography of the time—but with a difference. These poets see public events through the lens of deep private losses. They chart the small occasions, the bittersweet family ties, the fruit dish on a table, the lost soul arriving at a railway station; in other words, the sheer ordinariness through which cataclysm is experienced, and by which life is cruelly shattered. They reclaim these moments and draw the reader into them.

The poems are translated and introduced, with biographical notes on the authors, by renowned Irish poet Eavan Boland. Her interest in the topic is not abstract. As an Irish woman, she has observed the heartbreaking effects of violence on her own country. Her experience has drawn her closer to these nine poets, enabling her to render into English the beautiful, ruminative quality of their work and to present their poems for what they are: documentaries of resilience—of language, of music, and of the human spirit—in the hardest of times.

LanguageEnglish
Release dateOct 31, 2013
ISBN9781400849611
After Every War: Twentieth-Century Women Poets

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    Book preview

    After Every War - Princeton University Press

    After Every War

    | FACING PAGES

    NICHOLAS JENKINS

    Series Editor

    HORACE, THE ODES

    New Translations by Contemporary Poets,

    edited by J. D. McClatchy

    HOTHOUSES

    Poems 1889,

    by Maurice Maeterlinck,

    translated by Richard Howard

    LANDSCAPE WITH ROWERS

    Poetry from the Netherlands,

    translated and introduced by J. M. Coetzee

    AFTER EVERY WAR

    Twentieth-Century Women Poets,

    translated from the German by Eavan Boland

    After Every War

    Twentieth-Century Women Poets

    Translations from the German

    by Eavan Boland

    PRINCETON

    UNIVERSITY

    PRESS

    Princeton & Oxford

    Copyright © 2004 by Eavan Boland

    Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540

    In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY

    All Rights Reserved

    LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

    After every war : twentieth-century women poets / translations from the German by

         Eavan Boland.

              p.     cm. — (Facing pages)

         Includes bibliographical references and index.

         ISBN 0-691-11745-4 (alk. paper)

          1. German poetry—20th century—Translations into English. 2. German poetry—Women authors—Translations into English. I. Boland, Eavan.

         II. Series.

    PT1156.A38 2004

    831'.910809287—dc22       2003061014

    British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available

    This book has been composed in Electra LH

    Printed on acid-free paper. ∞

    www.pupress.princeton.edu

    Printed in the United States of America

    10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1

    The author acknowledges the following publishers for permission to translate from the German: Rose Ausländer: © S. Fischer Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 1990; Elisabeth Langgässer: er, Geist in den Sinnen behaust. © Matthias-Grünewald-Verlag, Mainz 1951, Germany; Nelly Sachs: © Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1961; Gertrud Kolmar: © Suhrkamp Verlag Frankfurt am Main 1983; Else Lasker-Schüler: © Suhrkamp Verlag Frankfurt am Main 1996; Ingeborg Bachmann ©Piper Verlag and Zephyr Press (U.S.); Marie Luise Kaschnitz: © Cassen Verlag, München, Germany; Hilde Domin: © 1987 S. Fischer Verlag GmbH Frankfurt am Main; Dagmar Nick: © Rimbaud Verlag. For photographs of the poets, the author gratefully acknowledges: S. Fischer Verlag (Rose Ausländer); Schiller-Nationalmuseum Deutsches Literaturearchiv (Elisabeth Langgässer); Suhrkamp Verlag (Nelly Sachs); Schiller-Nationalmuseum Deutsches Literaturearchiv (Gertrud Kolmar); Suhrkamp Verlag (Else Lasker-Schüler); Renate von Mangoldt (Ingeborg Bachmann); Suhrkamp Verlag (Marie Luise Kaschnitz); S. Fischer Verlag (Hilde Domin); and Peter Peitsch/peitschophoto.com (Dagmar Nick)

    TO THE MEMORY OF MY MOTHER

    and her friendship with the Burghartz family

    After every war somebody must clean up

    WISŁAWA SZYMBORSKA

    CONTENTS

    Introduction 1

    ROSE AUSLÄNDER (b. 1901)

    A Biographical Note 16

    Mutterland / Motherland 18

    Damit kein Licht uns liebe / So That No Light Would Be There to Love Us 20

    Am Ende der Zeit / At the End of Time 22

    Verwundert / Amazed 24

    Die Fremden / Strangers 26

    Meine Nachtigall / My Nightingale 28

    Im Chagall-Dorf / In Chagall’s Village 30

    Biographische Notiz / Biographical Note 32

    Mein Schlüssel / My Key 34

    ELISABETH LANGGÄSSER (b. 1899)

    A Biographical Note 38

    Frühling 1946 / Spring 1946 40

    NELLY SACHS (b. 1891)

    A Biographical Note 46

    Wenn ich nur wüsste / If I Only Knew 48

    In der blauen Ferne / In the Blue Distance 50

    Bereit sind alle Länder aufzustehn / All the Lands of the Earth 52

    In der Flucht / In Flight 54

    In diesem Amethyst / In This Amethyst 56

    Kommt einer von ferne / If Someone Comes 58

    GERTRUD KOLMAR (b. 1894)

    A Biographical Note 62

    Das Opfer / The Victim 64

    ELSE LASKER-SCHÜLER (b. 1869)

    A Biographical Note 72

    Mein blaues Klavier / My Blue Piano 74

    Ich weiß / I Know 76

    Herbst / Autumn 78

    Abends / In the Evening 80

    Meine Mutter / My Mother 82

    Über glitzernden Kies / Over Glistening Gravel 84

    Ein einziger mensch / A Single Man 86

    INGEBORG BACHMANN (b. 1926)

    A Biographical Note 90

    Alle Tage / Every Day 92

    Botschaft / Message 94

    Die gestundete Zeit / Borrowed Time 96

    Dunkles zu sagen / To Speak of Dark Things 98

    Herbstmanöver / Autumn Maneuver 100

    Abschied von England / Departure from England 102

    Früher Mittag / Early Noon 104

    Exil / Exile 108

    Ihr Worte / You Words 110

    MARIE LUISE KASCHNITZ (b. 1901)

    A Biographical Note 116

    Hiroshima / Hiroshima 118

    Selinunte / Selinunte 120

    Nicht mutig / Not Brave 122

    HILDE DOMIN (b. 1909)

    A Biographical Note 126

    Köln / Cologne 128

    Geburtstage / Birthdays 130

    Exil / Exile 132

    DAGMAR NICK (b. 1926)

    A Biographical Note 136

    Flugwetter / Flying Weather 138

    Aufruf / Summons 140

    Den Generälen ins Soldbuch / In the Book of the Generals 142

    Niemandsland / No-Man’s-Land 144

    An Abel / To Abel 146

    Emigration / Emigration 148

    Notes 151

    Checklists 153

    Further Reading 165

    Index of Titles 167

    Author Key to Map

    Ausländer: b Czernowitz, 1901, d Dusseldorf, 1988

    Langgässer: b Alzey, 1899, d Karlsruhe, 1950

    Sachs: b Berlin, 1891, d Stockholm, 1970

    Kolmar: b Berlin, 1894, d Auschwitz, 1943

    Lasker-Schüler: b Elberfeld, 1869, d Jerusalem, 1945

    Bachmann: b Klagenfurt, 1926, d Rome, 1973

    Kaschnitz: b Karlsruhe, 1901, d Rome, 1974

    Domin: b Cologne, 1909, lives Heidelberg

    Nick: b Breslau, 1926, lives Munich

    PLACES OF ORIGIN

    After Every War

    INTRODUCTION

    I

    When I was a child two German girls came to help my mother in the house. It was just after the war. The small towns of Germany were in the grip of winter, hunger, and disgrace. These girls, who were sisters, hardly more than teenagers, had left that aftermath behind and come to the shelter of a country which had been neutral. There was rationing in Ireland. But there was also butter and meat. Clothing was plentiful. It was an easier place to be.

    I was too young to remember their actual arrival. They came into my consciousness with my first words, my first memories. I remember the kitchen, the damp clothes, the snap of the fire, the smell of peat. I remember one of them opening a door that led into the darkness of a back lane. I can hear their voices as they folded clothes and put away plates. I can hear my own voice as I

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