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An Honors Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements of Honors Studies in Architecture
Investigation into the Potential Application of Carbon Fiber Composites upon Architecture,
Design, and Construction.
Benjamin Smith Emanuelson
Thesis Directors:
Dr. Ethel Goodstein-Murphree
Dr. Tahar Messadi

Spring 2006
School of Architecture
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Dr. Ethel Goodstein-Murphree
University of Arkansas School of Architecture
egoodste@uark.edu

Dr.Tahar Messadi
University of Arkansas School of Architecture
tmessadi@cox.net

Joseph Byers
Wilson Sporting Goods
askwilson@wilson.com

John Davidson MSc
Milled Carbon Ltd.
www.milledcarbon.com

Jeff Engbrecht
Toray Carbon Fibers America Inc.
Jeff.Engbrecht@toraycfa.com

Masanori Fujii
Toray Carbon Fibers Japan
Masonori_Fujii@nts.toray.co.jp

Todd Johnson
Advanced Composites Group
tjohnson@acg-us.com
www.advanced-composites.com

Hiroshi Kanesaki
Toray Carbon Fibers Japan
Hiroshi_Kanesaki@nts.toray.co.jp

Giovanni Pagnotta
www.giovannipagnotta.com

Dr. Larry G. Pleimann, P.E.
University of Arkansas School of Civil Engineering
pleimann@engr.uark.edu
www.cveg.uark.edu/faculty/pleimann

David Ratchford
Marshall Vega Corp.

Bob Rollins
Central Flying Service
bob@central.aero
www.diamondair.com/

Noradene T. Sorensen
Hexcel
Noradene.Sorensen@hexcel.com

Jamestown Distributors
Bristol, Rhode Island
www.jamestowndistributors.com
3
Table of Contents
Introduction\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026.6
I. - Research Scope\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...\u2026..\u2026.7
A. Purpose and Objectives\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u20267
B. Approach Method\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..7
Le Corbusier\u2019s Five Canons as Framework for Investigating Potential Application of
Carbon Fiber in Architecture\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...7
II \u2013 Literature Review\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..7-21
A. Current Applications of Carbon Fiber\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u20267-19
1. Automotive Industry
Succinct synthesis focused on the language of form, space, assembly, and
structure\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u20267-10
2. Furniture Design
Succinct synthesis focused on the language of form, space, assembly, and
structure\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.10-13
3. Sports Equipment
Succinct synthesis focused on the language of form, space, assembly, and
structure\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.13
4. Developments in the Building Industry\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.14-16
4.1 Design: (the vision of Testa and Others)
Analysis of formal, spatial, and structural attributes\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202614-15
4.2 Construction
Bridge repair\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026...15
4.3 Structure
Carbon Fiber Rebar in Reinforced Concrete\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..15-16
5. Industrial Revolution and the Emergence of Le Corbusier\u2019s
Architectural Canons\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.16-18
6. Similarities Between Textile Fabrics and
Carbon Fiber Production\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.18-19
B. Advantages and Disadvantages of Carbon Fiber
Application in the Building Industry\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..19-21

1. Environmental Cost\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..19 2. Lightness\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202620 3. Speed of Assembly\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..20

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