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On its 03-May-2009 dated Sunday edition
The Hindu
Newspaper has made a study ofthe preamble of the Manifesto of the Bharathiya Janata Party (Indian People’s Party – BJP).In the preamble of the manifesto drafted by Dr. Murli Manohar Joshi, some claims havebeen made about the greatness of India in pre-British period. The Hindu claims to haveemployed a team of eminent historians who have analyzed each of these claims andhave negated each of them as either false or as exaggerations.Here we atwww.tamiltalk.orga Tamil forum for the discussion of culture, society,science, history etc. try to study the factual basis of the evaluation of the historians aspresented by The Hindu and also the veracity of the claims of Dr. Joshi. And we presentyou with Dr. Joshi’s claims, The Hindu’s response to the claims and the facts as wediscovered them.Yours in the interest of truth,www.tamiltalk.orgteam.
 
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I“India is not…China is older”Joshi
: Indian civilisation is perhaps the most ancient and continuing civilisation of the world. Indiahas a long history and has been recognised by others as a land of great wealth and even greaterwisdom.
“The Hindu” response
: India is not the most ancient civilisation. Civilisation is generally definedas having city cultures and that would make Egypt, Mesopotamia and China older. Nor is it theonly continuous culture since China has a continuous culture that is older.
The facts
: Harappan civilization or Saraswathi-Sindhu civilization did not emerge in vacuum, butwas the result of long drawn socio-economic processesthat included cultural dimensions. French archeologistJean-François Jarrige had traced the antecedents ofHarappan culture to the site in Mergarh north ofMohenjo-Daro and has established an unbroken culturalcontinuity from that early date to Harappan civilization.
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 Similarly Harappan roots have been discovered fromwithin the geographical area of modern India as well. Inan International seminar on Indus Civilisation, director ofArchaeological Survey of India BR Mani revealed thatthere were pockets where urbanisation would havestarted before the well-developed urban civilisation ofthe Harappans.
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Even as we trace the evolution of Harappan civilization which pushes the adventof Indian civilization further back in timeline, historians have accepted the fact that Indian societytoday has many of its cultural roots in Harappan civilization. Even Iravatham Mahadevan ascholar who holds on to the Aryan-Dravidian binary, has stated that he “would not be surprised tofind that the greater part of modern Hinduism has a Harappan lineage.”
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Of course Egypt andMesopotamian civilizations do have hoary past but their descendents have abandoned theseancient cultures for new jealous sky gods.
Hence when Joshi says that Indian civilization is“perhaps the most ancient and continuing civilization” he is definitely and technicallyright.
 “The Hindu” has shown its Chinese loyalty by calling China as having a continuous culture howcan China today can be called the most ancient and continuous culture when the Red Guards ofthe Communist China during the Cultural Revolution vandalized Buddhist statues labeling thempart of the four olds to be destroyed: old customs, old habits, old culture and old thinking. Thedefinite break with cultural continuity came for China when young Red Guards in 1966 smashedthe Buddhist images at the Biyun Monastery, the Wofo Monastery, the Summer Palace and theother shrines, temples and parks around Beijing and replaced them with portraits of MaoZedong.
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To call the present China a cultural continuity is a joke - absurd, sick and cruel.
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Jarrige,J.F. and M.Santoni,
The Antecedents of Civilization in the Indus Valley 
, Scientific American, 243.8 (1980),pp.102-10
 
2
 
Grain of rice points to pre-Harappan culture 
, Time of India, 5-Jan-2006
 
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http://www.harappa.com/script/mahadevantext.html
4
 
John Kieschnick,
The impact of Buddhism on Chinese material culture 
, Princeton University Press, 2003 p.70
 
Harappan seal to the current calendar art in popular Hinduism the continuit is self-evident 
 
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IIFamines Pre-British vs. BritishJoshi
: According to foreigners visiting this country, Indians were regarded as the bestagriculturists in the world. Records of these travels from the 4th Century BC till early-19th Centuryspeak volumes about our agricultural abundance which dazzled the world. The Thanjavur (900-1200 AD) inscriptions and Ramanathapuram (1325 AD) inscriptions record 15 to 20 tonnes perhectare production of paddy.
“The Hindu” response
: Famine was common and is mentioned in Indian texts. We do not haveto go looking for certificates of merit from foreign visitors. References are made to
anavrishti 
and
ativrishti 
and locusts as the cause. Famine is referred to in the
Ramayana 
[1.8.12 ff] and the
Mahabharata 
[12.139] and in the latter it led to people eating all kinds of unsavoury things. Thefrequency of references to the 12-year famine is found in many texts. Manu in his
Dharma- shastra,
states that in times of famine social codes can be dispensed with. [102 ff] The
Jatakas 
 refer to famines. [1.75, etc;]
Facts:
In his 1917 book “
England's debt to India; a historical narrative of Britain's fiscal policy in India 
”, the great Indian freedom fighter and martyr, LalaLajpath Rai speaks of a paper titled "
Some Plain Facts about Famines in India 
"which was read before and then published by the East India Association ofLondon. In that paper, Hindu legends, and the great epics, the Mahabharataand the Ramayana were requisitioned to prove that severe famines occurred inpre-British India.
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Of course Lajpath Rai proceeds to prove the hollowness ofthe argument. But it is déjà vu British colonial propaganda in“The Hindu” 2009.That a colonial British propaganda line is beingrehashed by the “eminent historians” of “The Hindu” makes onefeel the symbolic irony of it all.Now let us see the facts. Dr. W.B.Rahudkar one of the eminent agricultural scientists of Indiaprovides extensive documentary evidence for the general state of Indian agriculture during theadvent of colonial period. He provides the testimony of Luke Scrafton (1770) a member of Clive'scouncil, that of Dr. Wallick (1832) the Superintendent of the Royal Botanical Gardens in India,Augustus Voelcker report on the improvement of Indian Agriculture (1897) – each testifying to theefficacy of Indian agriculture. (This is not seeking certificates of merits from foreigners rathershowcasing the documentary evidence for the health state of Indian agriculture as recorded bythe observers of that time.) Dr. Rahudkar goes on to analyze the reason for the downfall of Indianagriculture. He states:This excellent picture of Indian agriculture got radically changed after the Britishstarted ruling the country through their imported system of ownership of land,land tenure, land revenue, laws, education, imposition of western knowledge ofagriculture and establishment of the Department of Agriculture.
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Lajpat Rai,
England's Debt to India: A Historical Narrative of Britain's Fiscal Policy in India 
, Original 1917, re-publishedby BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, p.264
6
 
W.B.Rahudkar,
Traditions, Beliefs and Supersitions in Agricultural Production, in Productivity Of Land And Water 
, (Ed. J.H. Patil, M A Chitale, S B Varade, Shankar Raoji Chavan), Taylor & Francis, 1997, pp.285-6
 
Ironically nearly a century agoIndian freedom fighters faced thesame arguments from Britishpropaganda that The Hindu isrehashing today.
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