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Upper Course of a River (Processes and Land Forms)
V-shaped valley, interlocking spur, waterfall, rapid & potholes
HJULSTROM CURVE:Terms:
1.
Competence :
maximum size of material which ariver is capable of transporting.
2.
Capacity
: total load actually transported
.
3.
Mean or critical erosion velocity :
approximatevelocity needed to pick up and transport, insuspension, particles of various sizes.(minimumvelocity for load to be moved)
4.
Mean fall or settling velocity :
velocity at which particles of a given size become too heavy to betransported and so will fall out of suspension and be deposited.
(minimum velocity needed to continuetransporting load)Where is the load from?
Sediment in a river comes from a variety of sources.
(i)
Outside the river
(exogenetic): massmovement, rill and gully erosion and sheetwash.
(ii)
From within the rivers channelitself(endogenetic); material from thestream bed and banks.
1
The relationship between particle size (competence) andwater velocity is shown on a graph called Hjulstromgraph.
Hjulstrom's Diagram
plots two curves representingmean/critical erosion velocity curve & mean fall or settling velocity curve.* The critical velocities tend to be an area rather than astraight line on the graph.For example, sand can be moved easier than silt and or clay, as fine-grained particles tend to be more cohesive.High velocities are required to move gravel and cobblesbecause of their large size.There are three importance features on Hjulstromcurves.
Non-connected/loose2
Particle erodedParticles transportedParticles deposited
Mean fall/settlingvelocity curveMean/ critical erosionvelocity curve
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HJULSTROM CURVE
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| Category: | Uncategorized. |
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| Upload Date: | 04/09/2009 |
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