Tharp QuestionsCardiac Function Normal Heart Beat2.How does the duration of the ventricular refractory period compare with that fir skeletalmuscle? For a neuron? Similar to skeleton muscle because both has absolute refractorywhere systole cannot occur.Of what value is the length of the refractory period to pumping action of the heart?Has to be low because heart is constantly pumping; long refractory period results in decreases blood circulation.What causes the compensatory pause following an extra systole?In order for the ventricle to go back to the rhythm set by the pacemaker on the atria.3.Explain the response obtained and its importance in the functioning if the heart as a pump. No tetany because this would lead to d-fib4.Under what conditions would Starling’s law be of importance in the intact animal?Enlarged heart muscles in animals with blocked circulatory system causes the enlargedheart to pump slower A person suffering from heart failure often has an enlarged heart. How is thishypertrophy related to Starling’s Law? An increases workload stretches the muscletissues. 5.Cold ringer’s solution slows the heart down to prevent heat loss. The blood will be shuntto the core of the body, the higher the temperature, the blood will be pushed to the peripheral regions of the body to cool down.6.Explain the Mechanisms whereby acetylcholine and epinephrine alter the heart rate.a.Acetylcholine- Decreased rate of depolarization and the maximum diastolic potential. It also increased the threshold. b.Epinephrine- Increased the rate of depolarization and decreased the threshold.7.How did the ligature produce heart block in the preparation?a.First degree-the arterial pump had to increase to make up for the lack of pressurefrom being cut off from the ventricle. b.Second degree- not observed because people were not dexterous enoughc.Third degree- completely blocked off the circulation to the ventricle, and saw a pronounced arterial curve and no ventricular curve because it the ligature was blocked off.How might a heart block be produced in pathological cases?Heart worm may actually cause real blockage of the heart.