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English Verb Tenses:
An informal reference
for ESL students, the good folks who teach them,and the idly curious byKent Uchiyama
copyright 2006
Contents
How to Use (and Not to Use) This Guide...............................................................5The Tenses and Their Main Meanings: A Quick Overview..................................10Which Verb Tense Should I Use? A Very Rough Guide.......................................13Simple PresentBasic Stuff...................................................................................................17More Stuff..................................................................................................20Extra Stuff...................................................................................................24Present ProgressiveBasic Stuff...................................................................................................27More Stuff..................................................................................................29Extra Stuff......................................... .........................................................34Simple PastBasic Stuff...................................................................................................44More Stuff...................................................................................................47Past ProgressiveBasic Stuff....................................................................................................49More Stuff....................................................................................................51Extra Stuff....................................................................................................54Future TenseBasic Stuff.....................................................................................................59More Stuff.....................................................................................................62Extra Stuff......................................................................................................67Future ProgressiveBasic Stuff......................................................................................................73More Stuff......................................................................................................76Extra Stuff.......................................................................................................77Present PerfectIntroduction....................................................................................................78A Brief Survival Guide...................................................................................79
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Present PerfectMeaning #1Basic Stuff.......................................................................................................83More Stuff......................................................................................................84Extra Stuff.......................................................................................................88Meaning #1bBasic Stuff.......................................................................................................93More Stuff.......................................................................................................94Extra Stuff.......................................................................................................96Meaning #2Basic Stuff.......................................................................................................98More Stuff.......................................................................................................99Extra Stuff.....................................................................................................104Meaning #3Basic Stuff.....................................................................................................110More Stuff.....................................................................................................111Some Final Points about the Present Perfect............................................................113Present Perfect ProgressiveBasic Stuff.....................................................................................................115More Stuff.....................................................................................................117Past PerfectBasic Stuff.....................................................................................................120More Stuff....................................................................................................122Extra Stuff.....................................................................................................124Past Perfect ProgressiveBasic Stuff.....................................................................................................125More Stuff....................................................................................................128Extra Stuff.....................................................................................................129Future PerfectBasic Stuff......................................................................................................132More Stuff......................................................................................................134Future Perfect ProgressiveBasic Stuff......................................................................................................135More Stuff......................................................................................................138Extra Stuff.......................................................................................................140Appendix I: Questions about the Subject....................................................................142
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