Chuyen Doi Excel 2003 Sang 2007-2010

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Chuyn i Excel 2003 sang Excel 2007-2010
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CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010
www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Li ni u .................................................................................................... 3 Ni dung ........................................................................................................ 6
1. Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010 ............................................................ 17

Nhng thut ng cn nh ................................................................ 17 Lm quen vi giao din mi ............................................................ 18 H thng Ribbon ...................................................................... 18 n / Hin h thng Ribbon ...................................................... 19 Nt Office ................................................................................ 20 Ty bin Thanh truy cp nhanh trong Excel 2007 ................... 22 T to thm Tab trong Ribbon ca Excel 2010 ....................... 24 Truy cp nhanh Ribbon bng bn phm ................................... 26 S dng nhng phm tt ca Excel 2003 ................................. 28 S dng Shortcut menu (thc n ng cnh) .......................... 28 Sheet Tab ................................................................................. 29 Ty bin thanh Status Bar ........................................................ 29
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Lm quen vi chun XML............................................................... 31
2. Thao tc vi bng tnh .......................................................................... 32

Thao tc vi Workbook ................................................................... 32 To mt Workbook mi ........................................................... 32 M mt Workbook c sn (Open) ........................................... 33 Lu Workbook (Save) ............................................................. 34
- Mt s lu khi Save..................................................... 35
ng Workbook (Close) .......................................................... 36 Sp xp cc Workbook ............................................................ 36 Thao tc vi Worksheet ................................................................... 37 Chn thm mt Worksheet mi ............................................... 37 Sp xp th t cc Worksheet.................................................. 37 Sao chp Worksheet ................................................................. 38 Xa Worksheet......................................................................... 39 i tn worksheet .................................................................... 39 T mu cho Worksheet ............................................................ 39 n/hin Worksheet .................................................................. 40 Bo v Worksheet .................................................................... 40 Di chuyn qua li gia cc Worksheet bng bn phm ............ 41 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc ............... 41
- S dng thanh Zoom ...................................................... 42 - Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s.................. 42 - Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn .............................. 44 - C nh vng tiu ...................................................... 45 - Chc nng Watch Window ............................................. 46
Thao tc vi cc dy ..................................................................... 47 Khi nim v a ch ca mt , mt dy .............................. 47
- Name Box ..................................................................... 48

K thut chn dy bng chut............................................... 48
- Chn mt dy lin tc.................................................. 48
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- Chn mt ct, mt hng, hay chn c bng tnh ............... 50 - Chn mt dy lin tc vi ch Extend ...................... 50 - Chn mt dy khng lin tc bng chut ......................... 51 - Mt s th thut nng cao khi dng chut chn dy .... 51
K thut chn dy bng bn phm ........................................ 52
- Chn mt dy lin tc.................................................. 52 - Chn mt ct, mt hng, hay chn c bng tnh ............... 53 - Chn mt dy khng lin tc .......................................... 53 - Mt s th thut nng cao khi dng bn phm chn dy ................................................................................ 53
Chn mt dy bng lnh GoTo ................................................ 54 S dng hp thoi GoTo Special ............................................ 55
- Chn cc theo loi ni dung ......................................... 55 - Chn cc lin k nhau.................................................. 56 - Chn cc theo cc im khc bit ................................. 56 - Nhng ty chn khc ca hp thoi GoTo Special............ 58 - Nhng phm tt khi s dng GoTo Special ...................... 59
Sao chp v di chuyn mt dy ............................................. 60 Paste Special ............................................................................ 61
- Sao chp, di chuyn, Paste Special mt dy bng phm phi chut ............................................................. 64
Thm ch thch cho mt ....................................................... 65 Xa / lm sch mt dy , mt hng hoc mt ct .................. 66
- Xa hon ton mt dy ................................................ 66 - Xa hon ton mt ct, mt hng .................................... 66 - Lm sch mt dy , mt ct, mt hng ........................... 67
Chn thm mt , mt dng, mt ct vo bng tnh ................ 67 Thay i kch thc ca ct v dng ....................................... 68
- Dng chut iu chnh bng tay .................................. 69 - Dng lnh Format Cells trn Ribbon ............................... 70 - S dng shortcut menu ................................................... 71
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n / hin ct, dng ................................................................... 71
- n dng, ct .................................................................. 71 - Hin nhng dng, ct b n......................................... 72

Ghp/trn cc (Merge & Center) .......................................... 74 K khung, t mu cho cc ..................................................... 75 Di chuyn gia cc trong bng tnh ...................................... 77
3. S dng tn cho dy ........................................................................... 79

Khi nim v tn dy ....................................................................... 79 t tn cho mt dy ......................................................................... 81 Quy tc t tn cho mt dy .................................................... 81 Cc phng php t tn cho mt dy ..................................... 82
- S dng Name Box t tn cho mt dy .......................... 82 - S dng hp thoi New Name t tn cho mt dy ...... 82 - S dng tiu ca hng hay ct t tn cho dy ......... 84
t tn cho cc hng s ........................................................... 87 Thay i phm vi nh hng ca tn dy trong bng tnh ....... 88 Lm vic vi cc tn dy ................................................................. 89 Tham chiu n mt tn dy .................................................... 89
- S dng AutoComplete chn tn dy .......................... 90

Chn mt dy bng cch s dng tn ca n ........................... 92 Chn bng Danh sch cc tn dy vo trong bng tnh............ 92 S dng Name Manager .......................................................... 94 S dng vng giao nhau ca hai dy ....................................... 96
4. Nhp liu v nh dng d liu ............................................................ 98

Nhng iu cn bit khi nhp liu ................................................... 98 Nhp d liu vo mt dy ........................................................ 98 in y mt dy ..................................................................... 99
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S dng cng c Fill Handle v chc nng AutoFill nhp nhanh d liu vo mt dy ............................................ 100
- S dng AutoFill to ra chui text v chui s ........... 100 - T to nhng danh sch AutoFill .................................. 103
S dng Series nhp nhanh d liu vo mt dy .............. 104 nh dng d liu .......................................................................... 107 Thit lp Control Panel nh dng d liu ........................ 108
- Nhng thit lp cho Numbers....................................... 108 - Nhng thit lp cho Currency....................................... 110 - Nhng thit lp cho Date ............................................. 110
nh dng cho d liu s ....................................................... 111
- S dng hp thoi Format Cells nh dng s ............ 112 - Thay i cc kiu nh dng s khi nhp liu ................. 114
nh dng cho d liu ngy thng nm v thi gian ............. 118
- S dng hp thoi Format Cells .................................... 118 - S dng Ribbon v phm tt.......................................... 119
nh dng cho d liu text ..................................................... 121
- S dng cc nt lnh trn Ribbon .................................. 121 - To ch s trn, ch s di ........................................... 122 - Ngt dng trong ........................................................ 123 - p d liu text cho va vi chiu rng ........................ 124 - Canh l cho d liu ...................................................... 124 - Nhp nhng k t c bit ............................................ 127
Thit lp nhng quy tc nhp liu vi cng c Data Validation .. 128 Cc nguyn tc chung khi thit lp quy tc nhp liu ............ 128
- Gi tr gii hn c nh ................................................. 130 - Gi tr gii hn khng c nh ....................................... 130

Cc loi quy tc nhp liu ...................................................... 130
- Whole Number ............................................................ 130 - Decimal....................................................................... 132

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- List ............................................................................. 132 - Date ............................................................................ 134 - Time ........................................................................... 135 - Text length .................................................................. 136 - Custom........................................................................ 136
Ci t cc hng dn v thng bo li cho quy tc.............. 137
- Input Message.............................................................. 137 - Error Alert ................................................................... 139
5. Thit lp nhng cng thc .................................................................. 142

Nhng iu cn bn v cng thc.................................................. 142 Nhng gii hn ca Excel ...................................................... 143 Nhp v sa cng thc ........................................................... 144
- Nhp cng thc............................................................ 144 - Sa cng thc .............................................................. 145

Cc loi cng thc trong Excel ...................................................... 145 Cng thc s hc (Arithmetic Formulas)............................... 146 Cng thc so snh (Comparison Formulas) ........................... 146 Cng thc x l chui vn bn (Text Formulas) ................... 147 Cng thc tham chiu (Reference Formulas) ........................ 148 Th t u tin ca cc ton t................................................ 148
Sao chp v di chuyn cng thc................................................... 150 nh dng Tham chiu Tng i ......................................... 152 nh dng Tham chiu Tuyt i .......................................... 153 nh dng Tham chiu Hn hp ............................................ 154 Sao chp, di chuyn cng thc m khng iu chnh cc tham chiu tng i ............................................................. 154
Nhng th thut vi cc cng thc ................................................ 155 Chuyn i kt qu ca mt cng thc thnh mt gi tr ...... 155 Lm vic vi cc Tn dy trong cc Cng thc ..................... 156
- Chn tn dy vo cng thc .......................................... 157
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- p dng cc tn dy vo cng thc ............................... 157 - S dng cc Tn Hng v cc Tn Ct khi p dng cc tn dy ........................................................................ 159
t tn cho cc Cng thc ..................................................... 161 X l li cng thc ........................................................................ 162 Tm hiu cc gi tr li trong Excel v cch x l ................. 163
- #DIV/0!....................................................................... 163 - #N/A ........................................................................... 164 - #NAME? ..................................................................... 164 - #NULL! ...................................................................... 166 - #NUM! ....................................................................... 166 - #REF! ......................................................................... 167 - #VALUE!.................................................................... 167
Li do qun hoc thiu cc du ngoc n ............................ 168 Li do nh dng ct qu hp ................................................. 169 Ngn nga li cng thc bng hm IFERROR...................... 169
6. Cc hm trong Excel ........................................................................... 172

Tm hiu cc hm........................................................................... 173 Cu trc ca mt hm ............................................................ 173 Nhp mt Hm vo trong mt Cng thc .............................. 175 S dng tnh nng Insert Function ......................................... 177 Mt s hm thng dng trong Excel.............................................. 180 Nhm hm x l chui vn bn (Text Functions) ................. 180 Nhm hm lun l (Logical Functions) ................................. 182 Nhm hm d tm (Loookup Functions)................................ 183 Nhm hm ngy thng v thi gian (Date & Time Functions) .............................................................................. 184
- Excel x l cc ngy thng v thi gian nh th no ....... 184 - Mt s hm ngy thng thng dng ............................... 185 - Cc hm v thi gian .................................................... 187
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Nhm hm ton hc (Match Functions) ................................ 187 Nhm hm thng k (Statistical Functions) ........................... 188
7. Biu (Chart) .................................................................................... 190

Gii thiu ....................................................................................... 190 Cc bc cn bn v mt biu ............................................. 191 Cc thao tc c bn vi biu ..................................................... 195 Nhn bit cc thnh phn ca biu .................................... 195 Thao tc vi cc thnh phn ca biu ............................... 197 Hiu chnh v nh dng biu ................................................... 198 Cc cng c dng hiu chnh v nh dng ....................... 199
- S dng Ribbon ........................................................... 199 - S dng hp thoi Format............................................. 200

Hiu chnh v nh dng cc thnh phn ca biu ............ 202
- Hiu chnh v nh dng Chart Area .............................. 202 - Hiu chnh v nh dng Plot Area ................................ 203 - Hiu chnh v nh dng Tiu biu , Ch thch, Tiu trc honh trc tung ...................................... 204 - Hiu chnh cc trc ...................................................... 205
Thao tc vi chui s liu trong biu ........................................ 212 Xa mt chui s liu ............................................................ 213 Thm mt chui s liu.......................................................... 214
- S dng Select Data Source .......................................... 214 - S dng Copy Paste .................................................. 215
Thay i s liu ngun ca mt chui s liu........................ 215 Thm ng xu hng (Trendline) vo biu .................... 216
8. X l d liu trong bng tnh vi Table ............................................ 218

Mt s khi nim v Table ............................................................ 219 Thnh phn ca mt Table ..................................................... 219
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Nhng iu cn lu khi to mt Table................................ 219 Chuyn i mt dy thnh mt Table .................................... 221 Cc thao tc c bn vi Table ................................................ 224 Sp xp d liu (Sort) .................................................................... 229 Sp xp nhanh ........................................................................ 229 Sp xp theo nhiu tiu ch .................................................... 231 Lc d liu (Filter)......................................................................... 233 S dng AutoFilter lc nhanh d liu trong Table............ 233 S dng nhng b lc nhanh (Quick Filters) ca Excel 2007 ....................................................................................... 235 G b nhng iu kin lc ..................................................... 239 Dng nhng tiu chun phc tp lc d liu trong Table (Advanced Filter) ................................................................... 239
- Thit lp mt dy tiu chun (Criteria range) ................. 240 - Lc d liu mt Table vi Criteria range ....................... 241 - Nhp iu kin cho Criteria range ................................. 243 - S dng cng thc lm iu kin lc ............................. 246 - Sao chp d liu lc ra mt ni khc ......................... 248
Cc tham chiu Table trong cng thc .......................................... 251 Tm hiu Specifiers ................................................................ 251 Nhp cc cng thc Table...................................................... 254
9. Phn tch d liu vi Conditional Formatting .................................. 256

Highlight Cells ............................................................................... 257 Top/Bottom.................................................................................... 259 Data Bars ....................................................................................... 261 Color Scales ................................................................................... 264 Icon Sets ........................................................................................ 266 S dng cng thc nh dng c iu kin ............................... 268
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10. Phn tch d liu vi PivotTable ..................................................... 272

PivotTable l g .............................................................................. 273 PivotTable lm vic nh th no............................................ 274 Mt vi thut ng s dng trong PivotTable ......................... 276 To mt PivotTable ....................................................................... 278 Chn Data Source .................................................................. 278 To mt PivotTable................................................................ 278 Lm vic vi PivotTable................................................................ 281 Cc thao tc vi PivotTable ................................................... 281 Lm vic vi cc Grand Total v SubTotal ........................... 282
- n/hin cc Grand Total trong PivotTable ..................... 283 - n/hin cc Subtotal trong PivotTable........................... 284 - n cc Grand Total v SubTotal t Ribbon.................... 284 - Ty bin php tnh ca Subtotal .................................... 285
11. Tng hp d liu vi Consolidate.................................................... 287

Tng hp theo v tr ....................................................................... 288 Tng hp theo hng mc ............................................................... 292
12. Phn tch nhn qu ........................................................................... 296

Data Table...................................................................................... 297 Data Table vi mt d liu u vo ....................................... 297 Data Table vi hai d liu u vo ........................................ 299 Goal Seek ....................................................................................... 302
13. nh dng trang bng tnh v in n ................................................ 306

nh dng trang bng tnh ............................................................. 306 Cc ch hin th trang bng tnh........................................ 306 nh dng trang bng tnh (Page Setup) ................................ 308
- Margins ....................................................................... 308
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- Orientation .................................................................. 308 - Size ............................................................................. 308 - Print Area .................................................................... 309 - Breaks ......................................................................... 310 - Background ................................................................. 310 - Print Tittle ................................................................... 310 - Header / Footer ............................................................ 311
iu chnh t l trang in cho bng tnh .................................. 313 In bng tnh .................................................................................... 314 Mt s lu ........................................................................... 315
- Ngn khng cho in mt s vng no ......................... 315 - Ngn khng cho in nhng i tng.............................. 315 - In cc ng li v tiu dng, ct ........................... 316
14. Ngun tham kho.............................................................................. 317
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Quy c v vic chn lnh trn Ribbon:

V d:
Home Styles Format as Table New Table Style...
Tc l: Chn Tab Home, chn nhm Styles, nhn nt lnh Format as Table ri chn tip lnh New Table Style...
Chng 1 Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010
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1
Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010
Workbook: y l mt tp tin lm vic nh: tnh ton, v th, ...v lu tr d liu. Mt workbook c th cha nhiu Sheet, do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin. Mi workbook c th cha nhiu worksheet hay Chart sheet, ty thuc vo b nh my tnh. Worksheet: Cn c gi l Sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu. Mt worksheet c nhiu v cc c cha cc ct v dng. Worksheet c lu trong workbook. Trong Excel 2007, mt worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng, thay v 256 ct v 65,536 dng ca Excel 2003, tc tng s trong Excel 2007 tng ln gp 1,024 ln so vi Excel 2003!
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Chart sheet: Thc cht l mt Sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. V vy, nu ch mun xem tng th ring l th Chart Sheet l la chn ti u. Sheet Tab: Tn ca cc Sheet s th hin trn cc th t gc bn tri pha di ca ca s workbook. Bn c th di chuyn t Sheet ny sang Sheet khc bng thao tc n gin l nhp chut vo tn Sheet cn n trong Sheet Tab.
Ln u tin s dng Excel 2007, giao din ca n c th lm cho bn chong ngp bi s thay i khc hn so vi cc phin bn trc. Thay cho cc thanh menu v toolbar truyn thng l cc nhm nt lnh c trnh by ngay pha trn mn hnh, gip ngi dng s dng thun tin hn, chnh l Ribbon .
Hnh 1 - H thng menu v toolbar ca Excel 2003
Hnh 2 - H thng Ribbon ca Excel 2007
B cng c Ribbon bnh thng s c cc Tab: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View,
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Developer, v Add-Ins. Nhng th bn cn by gi rt trc
quan, d nhn, r rng v d s dng hn. Vi Excel 2003, ch c mt s nt lnh thng dng c t ngoi toolbar, cn th hoc bn gi t trong menu, hoc bn c th to mt Customize toolbar ri t cc nt lnh ca ring mnh vo tin s dng. Vi Excel 2007, cc nt lnh c tp hp li theo nhm chc nng, hu nh khng thiu mt lnh no (bi vy nn Excel 2007 khng cn c menu na), khi bn cn l c ngay. Bn s thy rng Ribbon thc s l mt trung tm h tr cng vic tuyt vi.
tit kim khng gian lm vic, nht l khi din tch mn hnh ca bn kh khim tn, bn c th n cc Ribbon, ch cha li cc tn nhm Khi , cc nhm lnh ch hin ra khi bn nhn vo, v sau khi bn chn mt lnh, chng s t ng khp li, dnh ch cho bn lm vic.
Hnh 3 - H thng Ribbon c n i
n / hin Ribbon, bn c th thc hin mt trong ba cch sau: Double-click vo bt k tn Tab no trn Ribbon.
Nhn t hp phm Ctrl+F1. Nhn vo nt mi tn x xung bn phi Quick Access Toolbar 1(*) ri chn Minimize the Ribbon.
(*) (*)
Thanh truy cp nhanh Xem trang 22. Xem trang 130. (*) Xem trang 88: Thay i phm vi nh hng ca tn dy trong bng tnh.
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trn cng bn tri ca ca s chng trnh Excel, c mt ci nt trn vi biu tng ca Office, chnh l nt Office. C th gi nt Office ny l trung tm iu hnh ca Excel 2007, bi n l ni cha tt c nhng lnh cn thit nht, thng hay s dng nht: New, Open, Save, Save as, Print v Close . C th so snh nt Office ny nh menu File trong Excel 2003.
Hnh 4 Cc lnh ca nt Office trong Excel 2007
Trong ca s m ra khi nhn nt Office, gc di bn phi, bn s thy nt Excel Options. y chnh l cng c thit lp nhng ty chn cho Excel, m trong Excel 2003, n nm trong menu Tools.
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Vi Excel 2010, dng nh Microsoft cm thy ngi dng c v lng tng vi biu tng ca nt Office, nn i nt ny bng mt Tab c tn l File. Tuy nhin, thay v ch l mt khung cha cc lnh ca Excel 2007, khi nhn vo Tab File ca Excel 2010, bn s thy n c m ra nh mt ca s c lp , che ht ton b bng tnh.
Hnh 5 - Ca s cha cc nhm lnh ca nt File trong Excel 2010
ng vi mi lnh c chn khung bn tri, Excel 2010 s trnh by chi tit nhng g lin quan n lnh phn bn phi mt cch rt chuyn nghip, c th lm hi lng nhng ai kh tnh nht. Khc bit nht so vi Excel 2007 l lnh Print. Excel 2010, bn c th xem trc nhng g s in, cng nh canh l, nh dng cho trang in ngay trong ca s ny. V cng nh Excel 2007, cc ty chn cho Excel (Options) c a vo y.
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Tng t vi vic ty bin cc nt lnh trn toolbar ca Excel 2003, Excel 2007 cng cho php bn a Hnh 6 Quick Access Toolbar nhng nt lnh thng hay s dng nht ln mt ch gi l Quick Access Toolbar, nm pha trn bn tri ca ca s chng trnh, bn cnh nt Office . Mc nh ban u, y ch c 3 nt lnh l Save, Undo v Redo. thm cc lnh khc, bn hy lm theo cc bc sau y : 1. Nhn vo nt mi tn x xung bn phi thanh Quick Access Toolbar. Trong bng m ra c sn mt s lnh (New, Open...), mun thm nt lnh no vo th nhn chn lnh . 2. Nu bn thy lnh mnh mun khng c trong danh sch c sn trn, th nhn vo More Commands... 3. Trong ca s m ra, chn nhm lnh khung Choose commands from. 4. Chn lnh cn thm vo trong khung bn di. 5. Nhn nt Add thm nt lnh vo Quick Access Toolbar. Lp li bc 4 v bc 5 thm nhng lnh khc, nu cn thit c th chn li nhm lnh nh bc 3. Nu khng thch mt nt lnh no , th thay v nhn vo Add, bn chn n (trong Group) ri nhn Remove. 6. Sau khi va , nhn OK hon tt.
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Hnh 7 Cc bc thm nt lnh vo Quick Access Toolbar
Ngoi ra, bn cng c th cho thanh truy cp nhanh ny nm pha di Ribbon (thay v nm trn nh mc nh) bng lnh Show Below the Ribbon, xut hin khi bn nhn vo nt mi tn x xung bn phi thanh Quick Access Toolbar nh thc hin bc 1. Tuy nhin, c th bn s thy rng din tch ca Quick Access Toolbar kh khim tn, khng cha ht nhng lnh bn thng s dng nht. Nhng Excel 2007 cha cho php bn t to mt nhm lnh ring trong Ribbon ging nh bn tng to nhng Custumize Toolbar Excel 2003, tr phi bn bit lp trnh VBA hoc dng Macro 4
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can thip. C l thu hiu c nhu cu ny ca bn, trong phin bn Excel 2010, Micorsoft c mt bc ci tin m bn s thy phn ngay sau y.
Nu s dng thnh tho Excel 2003, chc hn bn bit cch to thm mt Toolbar theo ring mnh, cha nhng nt lnh cn thit nhm tit kim thi gian. Vi Exel 2010, bn cng c th thc hin iu . Ngoi nhng nhm c sn trn Ribbon, bn c th t to thm nhng nhm lnh (Tab) khc theo ring mnh, trong cha nhng nt lnh m bn thng hay s dng nht. thc hin, bn theo cc bc sau y
2. Chn lnh Customize the Ribbon...
1. Right-click vo bt k ch no trong Ribbon. 3. Trong ca s m ra, nhn vo New Tab to mt Tab mi. Bn c th to mi bao nhiu Tab ty . 4. Theo mc nh, Excel 2010 s to sn mt Group (nhm nt lnh) nm trong Tab mi ny. 5. Bn c th sa li tn theo thch bng cch click chn vo Tab hoc Group mi c to, v nhn vo nt Rename, nhp tn mi (c th g du ting Vit bng b g Unicode) v nhn OK. 6. Chn nhm danh sch cc lnh c sn ca Excel. 7. Chn lnh cn thm vo Tab mi.
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Hnh 8 Cc bc to Customize Ribbon trong Excel 2010
8. Nhn Add thm nt lnh mi vo trong Group mi c to. Lp li bc 6, 7, 8 thm cc nt lnh khc. Nu khng thch mt nt lnh no , th thay v nhn vo Add, bn chn n (trong Group) ri nhn Remove. 9. Nu cn to thm nhiu Group na trong Tab mi ny, bn nhn vo New Group, t li tn nh bc 5, v thm cc nt lnh vo Group nh lm bc 6, 7, 8. 10. Theo mc nh, Excel s t Tab mi to nm ngay sau Tab Home. Nu cn thit phi di chuyn n i ch khc, bn chn n, ri nhn vo cp mi tn ngoi ra bn phi. 11. Sau khi va vi tc phm ca mnh, nhn OK quay v mn hnh chnh.
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Trong trng hp thay v to mi mt Tab, m bn li thm hoc bt nhng nt lnh trong nhng Tab c sn ca Ribbon mc nh ca Excel 2010, v sau bn mun hon tr li nh ban u, bn ch cn chn Tab b chnh sa ri nhn vo nt Reset nm gc di bn phi. Excel 2010 cn cho php bn lu li nhng thit lp Ribbon ca ring bn sang mt my khc, hoc nhp vo Excel ca bn mt thit lp c sn: Trong ca s Customize the Ribbon, gc di bn phi, c mt nt lnh Import/Export. Nhn vo , bn s thy c 2 lnh: Import customization file: dng nhp nhng thit lp c sn vo trong my. Loi tp tin m Excel 2010 lu nhng thit lp cho Ribbon c gi l Exported Office UI file. Export all customization: dng lu li nhng thit lp ca bn. Bn c th lu vo bt k ni no trong cng.
Mi nhn qua giao din Excel 2007, bn c th tng rng ch c th s dng Ribbon bng chut ch khng th dng t hp phm Alt + k t i din nh bn tng s dng vi Excel 2003, v trn h thng Ribbon khng h thy cc k gch chn nh Excel 2003. Tuy nhin, thanh Ribbon vn c th truy cp bng bn phm. Tht vy, bn ch cn nhn phm Alt (nhn mt ci thi, v khng cn gi n), bn s thy Ribbon xut hin nhng k t nh hnh 9:
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Hnh 9 Nhn Alt truy cp nhanh Ribbon
Nhng ch ci va xut hin i din cho tn ca cc Tab trn Ribbon. Cn truy cp Tab no, bn ch cn g ch ci tng ng. Hoc cng ngay lc ny, bn c th dng cc phm mi tn di chuyn qua li gia cc Tab. Gi s, ti nhn tip phm H gi Tab Home, Ribbon s ngay lp tc cho bit thm cc phm tt ca tng nhm nt lnh trong Tab Home .
Hnh 10 Nhng k t i din cho cc phm tt truy cp Ribbon
Nhng ch ci n l th d ri, ch cn nhn vo gi nt lnh tng ng ang nm sau lng n. Nhng nhng cp k t c hai ch th sao? Vn bnh thng thi, v d ti nhn tip phm F. Ch nhng phm tt no bt u bng ch F cn li trn mn hnh . By gi th ti ch cn nhn thm k t th hai, l ti s chn c nt lnh mong mun. V d, nu ti nhn k t C, mt khung mu s m ra ti chn mu cho ch ca hin hnh.
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Hnh 11 Nhng k t i din cho cc phm tt truy cp Ribbon
Nu mun tr li vng lm vic trn bng tnh m khng chn mt nt lnh no ht, bn ch cn nhn Esc hoc nhn Alt mt ln na.
Truy cp cc nt lnh trn Ribbon bng bn phm tht n gin, phi khng bn. Cha ht. Nu bn l ngi s dng Excel 2003 lu nm, chc hn bn s thuc kh nhiu b phm tt trong . V d, nhn Alt+T+O s m hp thoi Options, Alt+D+S s m hp thoi Sort, v.v... Bn khng cn phi qun nhng b phm tt . Bn vn c th s dng chng bnh thng gi nhng hp thoi quen thuc ca mnh, cho d y l Excel 2007, hay thm ch l Excel 2010. Hy th xem. Cho d khng th hin cc k t gch chn i din cho cc phm tt trn mn hnh, nhng Excel 2007 vn lu gi nhng b phm tt c nhng phin bn trc. C l Excel hiu rng, thuc c nhng phm tt kh, qun chng cn kh hn!
Cng nh Excel 2003, khi bn right-click vo mt , hoc mt nhm cc , hoc mt i tng no trn bng tnh, Excel 2007 s xut hin mt Shortcut menu ngay ti v tr
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con chut , cha cc lnh thng dng m Excel ngh rng bn c th p dng cho i tng m bn chn. Tuy nhin, Excel 2007, ngoi nhng lnh thng thng nh c Excel 2003, Shortcut menu ny cn c thm nhm nt lnh dng nh dng font ch, nh dng kiu d liu v nh dng bng tnh, gip bn tit kim c kh nhiu thi gian khi lm vic vi Excel.
Hnh 12 Shortcut menu xut hin khi right-click vo mt
Sheet Tab l nhm phm dng di chuyn qua li gia cc Sheet nm gc di bn tri, ging nh c Excel 2003. Ring vi Excel 2007, ngoi cng bn phi ca Sheet Tab c thm nt Insert Worksheet, dng chn mt Sheet mi vo trong bng tnh.
Hnh 13 Sheet Tab trong Excel 2007
s dng Excel 2003, chc hn bn bit c th xem nhanh mt trong nhng loi kt qu c sn cho dy ang chn nh: Tng / Trung bnh / Gi tr ln nht / Gi tr nh
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nht... ca nhm ang chn, bng cch chn lnh tng ng khi right-click vo Status bar. Tuy nhin, vi Excel 2003, mi ln nh th bn ch c th chn mt loi kt qu. chn SUM th khng th chn COUNT... Bn khng th chn xem nhiu loi kt qu trn Status bar. V ngoi chuyn chn xem nhanh nhng kt qu cho khi ang chn, bn khng cn ty chn no khc cho Status bar. Vi Excel 2007, th mi chuyn li khc. Khng nhng bn c th chn xem cng lc nhiu loi kt qu cho khi ang c chn, m cn c th t vo Status bar nhng thng s khc lin quan n bng tnh, nh s trang ca bng tnh, tnh trng ca cc phm chc nng... Ch cn right-click vo Status bar v chn mc cn xem , chn bao nhiu mc cng c.
Hnh 14 Ty chn Status bar ca Excel 2007 www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Excel 2007 v Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l XLSX da trn chun XML (eXtensible Markup Language) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l XLS. Chun ny gip cho cc ti liu an ton hn, dung lng ti liu nh hn v tch hp su vi cc h thng thng tin v cc ngun d liu bn ngoi. Nh vy, cc ti liu c qun l, phn tch v chia s d dng, hiu qu hn bao gi ht. Ngoi dng XLSX dng cho cc file bng tnh thng thng, Excel 2007 cn c nhiu loi tp tin khc cng theo chun XML. Trong s , bn nn quan tm n dng XLSM. Dng file XLSM dng cho cc bng tnh c cha cc macro. Nu bn c lp trnh VBA trong bng tnh, buc bn phi chn lu theo dng ny, v khi Excel mi cho php cc macro hot ng. D nhin, chun XML ny ch c Excel 2007 tr ln mi s dng c. ***
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2
Thao tc vi bng tnh
C nhiu cch to mt workbook mi. Song cch d nht v c th p dng cho bt k phin bn Excel no, l nhn t hp phm Ctrl+N. Tuy nhin, vic y s ch m ra mt workbook trng. Nu nh bn mun to mt workbook mi da theo nhng khun mu c sn (template), th bn lm theo cch sau y: Nhn nt Office New, trong hp thoi m ra chn Installed Templates ri la mt trong nhng templates c sn c ci vo my khi bn ci t Excel 2007. Excel
Chng 2 Thao tc vi bng tnh
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s minh ha cho bn xem trc mu bn s chn trong mt khung ln bn phi. Bn cng c th to mi mt workbook da theo cu trc ca mt workbook c sn trn my, bng cch nhn vo mc New from existing... Ngoi ra, nu my ca bn c ni mng Internet, bn c th vo Micorsoft Online ti v rt nhiu nhng templates c dng sn, chia thnh tng nhm ph hp vi mi loi cng vic.
Hnh 15 Ca s New ca Excel 2007
C nhiu cch m mt workbook c sn. Song cch d nht v c th p dng cho bt k phin bn Excel no, l nhn t hp phm Ctrl+O. Sau bn chn workbook cn m ri nhn nt Open. Hoc, bn nhn nt Office Open, mt hp thoi s m ra ging nh khi bn nhn Ctrl+O.
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Nu nh bn tng dng Excel, th cng nh Excel 2003, Excel 2007 s lu li tn ca nhng workbook c m ra gn nht trong khung Recent Documents ca nt Office. Tuy nhin, Excel 2007 c th lu li n 50 workbook c m ra gn nht, trong khi Excel 2003 th ch c 9. Cn mt cch khc na m mt workbook c sn, l bn dng Windows Explorer tm n th mc cha workbook lu, ri double-click vo tn workbook. Excel s t khi ng (nu cha m) ng thi m lun workbook cho bn. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp bn s dng ng thi nhiu phin bn Excel trong my tnh, th Excel s khi ng phin bn no c ci vo sau cng. Nu bn khng bit cch thit lp phin bn mc nh s t khi ng khi double-click vo tn ca mt workbook, th bn hy khi ng Excel ln trc, ri hy double-click vo tn workbook trong Windows Explorer sau.
Sau khi lm vic vi workbook, iu ct t l phi lu li nhng chnh sa, thay i, nu khng, cng sc ca bn xem nh b bin. Excel 2007 cung cp mt c ch sao lu t ng trong mt khong thi gian nht nh (mc nh l 10 pht/ln). Bn c th ty chnh rt ngn khong thi gian gia cc ln sao lu phng trng hp my tnh b trc trc bt ng hay b cp in. Cch ty chnh rt n gin: Nhn nt Office Excel Options Save, bn ch cn nh du vo tu chn Save AutoRecover Information Every ri chnh li thi gian sao lu t ng theo mun .
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Hnh 16 Ty chnh thi gian Auto Save trong Option ca Excel 2007
C nhiu cch lu mt workbook, nhng nhanh nht v thch hp vi bt k phin bn Excel no, vn l t hp phm Ctrl+S hoc Shift+F12. Vi ring Excel 2007, th bn nhn nt Office Save. Trong trng hp mun lu workbook vi mt tn khc, vi mi phin bn ca Excel, bn ch cn nhn F12. Mt s lu khi Save Quy tc t tn: Cc bng tnh Excel dng chung quy tc t tn ca Windows. Tn bng tnh c th di ti a 255 k t, nhng khng c dng cc k t c bit nh: \ ? : * < > Bo mt: bo mt cho workbook, bn c th gn mt m bo v, v ch c ai bit mt m mi m c. gn mt m cho workbook, bn lm nh sau: 1. Nhn nt Office hin ra . 2. Nhn nt Tools
Save As,
hp thoi Save As hp thoi
General Options...,
General Options hin ra.
3. Nhp mt m m (Password to open) v mt m hiu chnh (Password to modify) cho workbook. Hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo mt. Sau nhn nt OK.
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Hnh 17 Hp thoi Save as vi ty chn Tools
4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. Sau nhn nt OK. 5. Nhn nt Save hon tt.
C nhiu cch ng mt workbook. Song cch d nht v c th p dng cho bt k phin bn Excel no, l nhn t hp phm Ctrl+W, hoc Alt+F4. Hoc, bn nhn nt Office Close.
Cng ging nh Excel 2003, Excel 2007 cung cp cho bn kh nng sp xp cc workbook c m cng lc. Nh vy, vic tham kho qua li gia cc cc workbook thun tin hn.
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sp xp, bn chn View Windows Arrange All , tip theo chn cho mnh mt kiu b tr thch hp nht.
Hnh 18 Chn lnh Arrange All sp xp cc workbook ang m
Bn lm theo mt trong cc cch sau: Dng t hp phm Shift+F11 chn mt Sheet mi vo trc Sheet hin hnh. Chn Home Cells Insert Insert sheet.
Right-click ln Sheet Tab v chn Insert, chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK trong hp thoi Insert...
V cch ny th ch c trong Excel 2007: Nhn vo biu tng nm ngoi cng bn phi ca Sheet Tab Hnh 19 , bn s c ngay mt Sheet mi.
Khi cn phi di chuyn, sp xp li cc Sheet, cch nhanh nht l dng chc nng ko th ca Excel. Bn ch vic nhn v gi phm tri chut ln tn Sheet ri ko n v tr mi th xung.
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Khi phi di chuyn qua nhiu Sheet m s lng cc Sheet th nhiu, bn right-click ln tn Sheet cn di chuyn, chn Move or Copy. Hp thoi Move or Copy s m ra, v bn ch cn bm chn tn ca Sheet m bn s chuyn Sheet ang chn n trc n, ri nhn OK (xem v d hnh 20: Di chuyn Sheet1 n ng trc Sheet6) Bn c th chn mt ln nhiu Sheet di chuyn, bng cch nhn gi phm Ctrl ri nhp chut vo mi Sheet bn mun chn.
Hnh 20 Di chuyn Sheet1 n trc Sheet6
Khi cn phi sao chp mt Sheet (n mt v tr khc hoc sang mt bng tnh khc), bn cng dng hp thoi Move or Copy nh ni trn y, nhng trc khi nhn OK, bn hy nh du vo ty chn Create a copy.
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Mun xa mt Sheet, bn chn Sheet mun xa ri chn Home Cells Delete Delete sheet. Hoc nhanh hn, right-click vo tn Sheet mun xa sau chn Delete.
Vic ny rt n gin, ch cn right-click vo tn Sheet cn i tn Sheet Tab ri chn Rename, sau bn nhp vo tn mi v nhn Enter. Nu dng Ribbon: Home
Sheet.
Cells Format Rename
Lu : Excel khng cho php dng cc k hiu, k t c bit (nh: / \ ? *: ) t tn cho Sheet. Bn c th dng tn ting Vit c du cho Sheet. Tuy nhin, khi t tn cho Sheet, bn nn dng mt tn ngn gn, d nh, khng c khong trng, khng c du ting Vit, nu nh bn khng mun mt thi gian cho vic x l nhng tn Sheet trong cc cng thc.
T mu y khng phi l t mu cho nhng trong bng tnh, m ch l t mu cho Sheet Tab. Vic t mu cho Sheet Tab l d qun l Sheet Tab hn. Ch cn cn right-click vo tn Sheet m bn mun t mu ri chn Tab Color v chn mu thch hp . Vi Excel 2003, th sau khi chn mu, bn phi nhn OK th Excel mi t mu cho Sheet Tab.
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Hnh 21 T mu cho Sheet Tab
Khi bn khng mun ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu Sheet no th bn c th n n i. Tuy nhin, bn khng th n ht cc Sheet trong workbook m phi cha li t nht mt Sheet khng b n. Vi Excel 2003, bn chn Sheet cn du, sau gi menu Format > Sheet > Hide. thy li nhng Sheet c n, bn cng vo menu nhng gi lnh Unhide, chn sheet mun cho hin ra ri nhn OK. Vi Excel 2007, th vic ny n gin hn nhiu, mun n sheet no, bn ch vic right-click vo Sheet Tab ca Sheet ri chn Hide. thy li nhng Sheet c n, bn right-click vo bt k Sheet Tab no cng c, chn Unhide, chn Sheet mun cho hin ra v nhn OK. Nu dng Ribbon: Home Cells Format Hide & Unhide ri chn lnh thch hp.
ngn cn khng cho ngi khc thy c nhng Sheet b n, hoc thm hay xa, i tn, sao chp, di chuyn cc
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sheet,... bn hy s dng chc nng Protect Workbook, vi ty chn Structure (kha cu trc ca bng tnh): Chn Review
Changes Protect Workbook Protect
, nh du chn Structure trong hp thoi hin ra, nhp mt m nu cn thit ri nhn OK.
Structure and Windows
Hnh 22
di chuyn qua li gia cc Sheet, bn c th dng nhng t hp phm sau y:
Ctrl + Page Up
Di chuyn n Sheet pha trc Sheet hin hnh Di chuyn n Sheet pha sau Sheet hin hnh
Ctrl + Page Down
Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh cc ca s c c gc nhn tt
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hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt Sheet di nhiu gc khc nhau, hoc chia ca s Sheet thnh nhiu ngn d dng tham chiu, hay gi c nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi cun cc thanh cun... S dng thanh Zoom Excel 2007 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng tnh ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh , v c th gip thu nh v phng to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt du tr.
Hnh 23 Cng c Zoom trong Excel 2007
Hoc bn cng c th s dng nhng nt lnh trong nhm Zoom, nm trong Tab View trn Ribbon. S rt thiu st nu ti khng ni n mt phng php rt nhanh phng to hoc thu nh bng tnh c th p dng cho mi phin bn ca Excel: Bn ch cn nhn phm Ctrl v quay bnh xe ln ca con chut, y bnh xe v pha trc phng to mn hnh, ko bnh xe v pha sau thu nh mn hnh. Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mun xem mt Sheet hay cc Sheet trong cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, v mi mt ca s s c gn thm mt ch s pha sau tn tp tin.
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V d, ti c th xem ng thi Sheet By Product v Sheet By Product-Customer ca workbook SalesReport trong cng mt ca s .
Hnh 24 Chia 1 sheet thnh 2 ca s so snh ni dung
thc hin iu ny, bn chn View Windows :
Windows New
Hnh 25 Chn lnh New Windows trn Ribbon
Tip theo, bn nhn nt lnh Side by Side. Mc nh th Excel s kch hot lun chc nng Synchronous Scrolling, ngha l nu bn cun ca s bn ny, th ca s bn kia cng t ng cun theo. Nu khng thch nh th, bn ch cn nhn vo nt Synchronous Scrolling tt n i.
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Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn Tnh nng ny c dng khi bn cn thao tc vi cc danh sch di hoc trong tnh ton cn bn phi thc hin nhiu vic tham chiu. chia ca s bng tnh, bn t hin hnh ti v tr cn chia trn bng tnh, sau chn View Windows Split .
Hnh 26 Dng lnh Split chia bng tnh thnh nhiu phn
Ngoi cch ny, nu bn th s thy pha trn ca thanh cun dc v bn phi ca thanh cun ngang, c mt ci ngn nh m khi r chut vo , n s bin thnh hnh mi tn c 2 u vi hai vch ngn gia; chnh l cng c chia nhanh bnh tnh. Bn ch cn nhn gi chut v ko vo gia bng tnh, bng tnh ca bn s c chia thnh nhiu khung c ni dung y nhau. b vic chia bng tnh thnh nhiu khung nh vy, th bn ch cn nhn nt Split li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln ng chia dc v ngang.
Hnh 27 Mt bng tnh sau khi chia thnh 4 phn www.giaiphapexcel.com
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C nh vng tiu Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no trn ca s lm vic, v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny rt hu ch v n gip ta lun thy c dng (hoc ct) tiu mc d cun mn hnh xung pha di (hoc sang phi) nhp liu. c nh mt vng no , bn chn View Windows Freeze Panes, sau chn kiu c nh ph hp .
Hnh 28 Dng Freeze Panes c nh vng tiu
Nu bn chn: Freeze Panes: Excel s c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh. Freeze Top Row: Excel s c nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch. Freeze First Column: Excel s c nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch. Hai ty chn th 2 v th 3 (Freeze Top Row v Freeze First Column), ch c trong Excel 2007. Khi chn 2 ty chn ny, bn khng cn thit phi t hin hnh nm v tr ngay di dng tiu (hoc bn phi ct tiu ), m ch cn nm u trong vng cha d liu, v bn phi chc chn rng bn ang nhn thy c dng (hoc ct) tiu
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trn mn hnh, bi v khi chn mt trong hai ty chn ny, Excel s c nh dng (hoc ct) u tin ang hin th trn mn hnh, ch khng phi dng (hoc ct) u tin ca vng cha d liu. Ty chn th nht (Freeze Panes) ging nh ca Excel 2003. Khi chn ty chn ny, bn phi chc chn rng hin hnh ang nm bn di v bn phi ca vng tiu m bn mun c nh. b vic c nh mt vng no , bn chn View Windows Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes. Chc nng Watch Window Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di mt s no trong qu trnh tnh ton. Bn mun gim st no th a n vo danh sch gim st ca s ca Watch Window, bng cch chn Formulas Formula Auditing Watch Window.
Hnh 29 Chn lnh Watch Windows trn Ribbon
Ca s Watch Window s xut hin ngay trn mn hnh. Sau bn nhp chn cn theo di ri nhn vo nt Add Watch trn ca s Watch Window .
Hnh 30 Hai H33 v E45 ang c gim st trong ca s Watch Windows
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C l rng ngoi vic nhp liu, bn s dnh phn ln thi gian trong Excel lm vic vi cc dy . Khi bn sao chp, di chuyn, nh dng, t tn, hay t mu,... l bn ang lm vic vi cc dy y. Lm vic vi mt dy d dng hn nhiu so vi lm vic vi tng ring bit. V d, bn mun bit gi tr trung bnh ca mt ct s t B1 n B30. Bn c th nhp ht 30 nh l nhng i s ca hm AVERAGE, nhng g = AVERAGE(B1:B30) s nhanh hn v c l chnh xc hn. Ni cch khc, cc dy gip tit kim cho bn thi gian lm vic. Cc dy l nhng cng c mnh m th hin sc mnh ca Excel. Do , nu bn nm r thao tc vi cc dy , th bn s tn dng c ti a thi gian lm vic vi Excel ca bn.
a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. V d, G3 l a ch ca ang nm dng th 3 ca ct G. Mt dy trong bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca dy v a ch ca gc di bn phi ca vng, phn cch bi du hai chm (:). V d: B5:H10 l a ch ca mt dy bt u t nm dng th 5 ca ct B cho n nm dng th 10 ca ct H. c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c xc nh bng chnh tn ca ct (hay s th t ca dng) , vit 2 ln v phn cch bi du hai chm (:) gia. V d: B:B l a ch ca c ct B, 5:5 l a ch ca c dng 5.
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Name Box
Name Box l nm bn tri ca thanh Formular bar, pha trn bn tri ca
bng tnh . Bnh thng, Name Box s hin th a ch ca ang c chn hoc a ch ca u tin ca dy ang c chn.
Hnh 31 Name Box
Phin bn no ca Excel cng c Name Box, nhng ch vi Excel 2007 tr ln, bn mi c th thay i kch c ca Name Box. Nu bn khng th thy ht tn ca dy hin hnh (do n di qu), bn di chuyn con tr chut sang mp phi ca Name Box (ngay ch c mt ci nm trn lm xung), con tr chut s bin thnh mt mi tn hai u nm ngang, bn ch vic nhp v r chut qua li nh li kch c cho Name Box.
Cho d bn c th dng c chut ln bn phm chn mt dy, nhng bn s thy rng dng chut th d dng hn. Ti s hng dn mt s phng php m bn c th s dng chn mt dy bng chut. Chn mt dy lin tc Mt dy lin tc, hay mt nhm cc lin k nhau to thnh mt hnh ch nht, l loi dy m bn thng s dng nht. chn dy lin tc bng chut, bn lm theo cc bc sau y:
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1. Chn trn cng bn tri ca dy mun chn (thng ngi ta gi ny l neo, gc), ri nhn v gi phm tri chut. 2. Vi phm tri chut vn c nhn, r con tr chut n di cng bn phi ca dy mun chn. Bn s thy gc c t sng ln, cn nhng m bn ko chut i ngang qua s sm mu li, ng thi trong Name Box s hin th s ct v s hng m bn chn . 3. Th nt chut ra, bn chn xong mt dy. Lc ny, Name Box s hin th a ch ca gc.
Hnh 32 ang khi bn dng chut ko chn , Name Box s hin th s ct v s hng m bn chn
Nhng bc trn y ch cho bn cch chn mt dy t trn cng bn tri n di cng bn phi. Tuy nhin, bn khng bt buc phi lm nh vy, ngha l bn c th t do chn gc v kt thc (chng hn t di cng bn phi n trn cng bn tri, khi bn ch c th nhn thy trn mn hnh di cng bn phi, cn trn cng bn tri th khng).
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Chn mt ct, mt hng, hay chn c bng tnh Bng cch s dng nhng tiu ca ct v hng, bn s nhanh chng chn c mt dy l nguyn mt ct hoc mt hng: chn nguyn mt ct, nhn chut vo tiu ct; chn nguyn mt hng: nhn chut vo tiu hng. Nu bn mun chn tt c cc ct hoc cc hng (hay ni cch khc, chn ton b bng tnh), bn hy nhn vo nt Select All, l nt nm gc cao bn tri ca mt bng tnh .
Hnh 33 Nhn vo nt Select All chn c bng tnh
Chn mt dy lin tc vi ch Extend Bn c th s dng ch Extend ca Excel thay cho cch thng thng khi dng chut chn mt dy lin tip hnh ch nht, theo nhng bc sau y: 1. Chn trn cng bn tri ca dy mun chn. 2. Nhn phm F8 kch hot ch Extend (bn s thy ch Extend Selection hin ln Status Bar)
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3. Nhp di cng bn phi ca dy . Excel s chn ton b dy . 4. Nhn F8 ln na tt ch Extend. Chn mt dy khng lin tc bng chut Nu cc bn mun lm vic vi chng nm ri rc trong sheet, bn phi kt hp chng thnh mt dy khng lin tip. B quyt xc nh mt dy khng lin tip l nhn phm Ctrl trong khi chn cc . Nhng bc sau y s gip bn lm iu ny: 1. Nhp chn hoc dy u tin m bn mun a vo mt dy khng lin tip nhau. 2. Nhn v gi phm Ctrl. 3. Nhp chn tip cc hoc cc dy hnh ch nht khc m bn mun a thm vo dy khng lin tip . 4. Sau khi chn cc hoc cc dy , th phm Ctrl. Khi chn mt dy khng lin tc, bn khng th dng chc nng Extend. V bn phi tht cn thn khi xc nh cc hoc cc dy cn thm vo. Mt khi bn nhp chn thm mt hoc mt dy m thy rng mnh chn sai, cch duy nht chn li l lm li t u. Mt s th thut nng cao khi dng chut chn dy Sau khi qut chn mt dy lin tc, c th bn s nhn thy mnh chn nhm gc phi di cng, v kt qu l dy qu ln hoc qu b. sa n, bn hy
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nhn gi phm Shift v nhp vo ng di cng bn phi (m bn mun). Dy s t ng iu chnh. Sau khi chn mt dy ln, bn s thng khng cn thy c trn cng bn tri ( hin hnh) na, v bn cun n ra khi mn hnh. Nu bn cn phi thy c hin hnh trc khi tip tc, bn c th s dng cc thanh cun (Scrollbars) a n vo khung xem c, hoc nhn Ctrl+Backspace.
Bn c bao gi gp nhng chuyn bc mnh vi con chut cha? N khng chy, hoc n b c mt ng giy t ln pha trn... Hay l, bn dng laptop m khng c chut ri, bn ang ngi bn king m li s dng mt con chut quang khng c tm lt?... Lm th no s dng bn phm m chn dy ? Bn hy lm theo nhng phn sau y, c th bn s thch dng bn phm hn l chut. Chn mt dy lin tc chn dy lin tc bng bn phm, bn lm theo cc bc sau y: 1. Dng phm mi tn di chuyn n trn cng bn tri ca dy mun chn ( neo, gc). 2. Nhn v gi phm Shift. 3. Dng phm mi tn (hoc phm Page Up, Page Down nu dy mun chn l mt vng ln) di chuyn n cui cng ca dy mun chn. 4. Th phm Shift.
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Chn mt ct, mt hng, hay chn c bng tnh Chn nguyn mt ct hoc mt hng bng bn phm l mt vic rt n gin: Bn ch cn dng phm mi tn di chuyn n nm trong ct hay hng m bn mun chn, sau nhn Ctrl+Spacebar nu bn mun chn nguyn c mt ct (c cha hin hnh), hoc nhn Shift+Spacebar nu mun chn nguyn c mt hng. chn c bng tnh, cn d hn na: bn ch cn nhn Ctrl+A. Chn mt dy khng lin tc chn mt dy khng lin tc bng bn phm, bn theo nhng bc sau y: 1. Chn hoc dy u tin m bn mun a vo mt dy khng lin tip nhau. 2. Nhn Shift+F8 kch hot ch Add (bn s thy ch Add hin ln Status bar). 3. Chn tip hoc dy m bn mun thm vo dy khng lin tc. Lp li bc 2 v bc 3 cho n khi no bn chn xong dy khng lin tc m bn mun. Mt s th thut nng cao khi dng bn phm chn dy Nu bn mun chn mt dy lin tip c cha d liu, c mt cch d dng hn chn ton b dy . u tin, di chuyn n trn cng bn tri ca dy . chn tip cc gn k bn di , nhn Ctrl + Shift + phm mi tn xung; chn tip
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cc bn phi ca dy ang chn ny, nhn Ctrl + Shift + phm mi tn phi. Nu bn chn mt dy ln, khng nm va trong mt mn hnh, bn c th cun cc c chn bng cch kch hot phm Scroll Lock. Khi Scroll Lock c bt, vng c chn s gi nguyn vn khi bn nhn cc phm mi tn (hoc Page Up, Page Down) cun qua cun li cc .
Khi bn phi chn nhng dy rt ln, bn s cm thy mt mi nu ch dng nhng cch thng thng bng chut hoc bng bn phm. Nhng khi nh vy, bn nn s dng lnh GoTo ca Excel. Bnh thng bn hay dng GoTo nhy nhanh n mt a ch hoc tn ca mt dy c th, ti s hng dn bn cch tn dng tnh nng ny chn mt dy lin tc: 1. Chn trn cng bn tri ca dy . 2. Nhn Ctrl+G. Hp thoi GoTo s xut hin . 3. Nhp a ch di cng bn phi ca dy mun chn vo Reference. 4. Nhn gi phm Shift ng thi nhn OK.
Hnh 34 Hp thoi GoTo
Trong trng hp bn cha chn u tin ca dy, bn c th nhp lun ta ca dy mun chn vo Reference.
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Trong hp thoi GoTo m ti va trnh by trn, bn s thy c mt nt Special nm gc di bn tri. y l mt trong nhng tnh nng rt hay ca Excel, n cho php bn chn cc dy theo Hnh 35 Hp thoi Goto Special ni dung ca chng, hoc theo nhng thuc tnh c bit khc, thay v ch chn theo v tr ca chng nh chng ta vn thng lm. Khi nhn vo nt Special trong hp thoi GoTo, hoc bn chn Home Find & Select GoTo Special, hp thoi GoTo Special s m ra .
Chn cc theo loi ni dung Hp thoi GoTo Special cha nhiu ty chn, nhng ch c bn ty chn cho php bn chn cc theo loi ni dung cha trong chng: Comment: Chn tt c cc c cha ch thch. Constant: Chn tt c cc c cha mt hng s thuc cc loi c xc nh bi mt hoc nhiu checkbox di ty chn Formulas. Formulas: Chn tt c cc c cha cng thc, m kt qu ca n thuc cc loi c xc nh bi mt hoc nhiu checkbox sau y:
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- Number: Nhng cha gi tr s - Text: Nhng cha gi tr text - Logicals: Nhng cha gi tr logic - Errors: Nhng cha gi tr li Blanks: Chn tt c cc rng. Chn cc lin k nhau Khi bn cn chn cc lin k vi hin hnh, hp thoi GoTo Special cho bn hai la chn: Current Region: Dng chn mt dy hnh ch nht (bao gm cc khng rng) lin k vi hin hnh. Current Array: Dng chn tt c cc trong mt mng (array) m hin hnh l mt phn t trong mng . Chn cc theo cc im khc bit Excel cng cho php bn chn cc bng cch so snh cc hng hoc cc ct d liu v ch chn cc c s khc nhau. Cc bc sau y hng dn bn cch thc hin: 1. Chn nhng hng hoc nhng ct m bn mun so snh (bn phi chc chn rng hin hnh ang nm trong hng hoc ct c cha nhng gi tr so snh ). 2. M hp thoi GoTo Special v chn mt trong cc ty chn sau y: Row Differences: La chn ny s dng d liu trong ct ca hin hnh lm cc gi tr so snh, v Excel s chn cc trong cc hng tng ng c gi tr khc vi gi tr so snh.
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Column Differences: La chn ny s dng d liu trong hng ca hin hnh lm cc gi tr so snh, v Excel s chn cc trong cc ct tng ng c gi tr khc vi gi tr so snh. V d, gi s bn c bng tnh nh sau :
Hnh 36
Ngi ta yu cu bn nh sau: D theo tng hng, tm v xa nhng gi tr trong cc ct B, C, D m khng ging vi gi tr cho trc ct A. Chng hn, hng u tin, bn s phi xa s 11 ct D, v ct A l s 13; hng th hai, bn s phi xa s 12 ct C, v ct A l s 10... y l lc chng ta c th p dng tnh nng Chn cc theo cc im khc bit. u tin, bn chn ht 4 ct s , ri gi hp thoi GoTo Special, v v chng ta s so snh d liu theo tng hng, nn s s dng ty chn Row Differences. Sau khi nhn OK, bn s c kt qu nh hnh 37, ch cn nhn thm phm Delete l bn hon thnh yu cu.
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Hnh 37
Nhng ty chn khc ca hp thoi GoTo Special Ngoi nhng tnh nng m ti trnh by trn y, hp thoi GoTo Special cn c mt vi ty chn khc gip bn cm thy d dng hn vi vic chn mt hoc dy : Last Cell: Chn cui cng trong worksheet ( nm gc di cng bn phi) c cha d liu hoc c nh dng. Visible Cells Only: Ch chn nhng no ang hin th trn mn hnh (khng b n). Conditional formats: Ch chn nhng c cha nh dng theo iu kin. Data Validation (*): Chn nhng c cha quy tc Data Validation. Vi ty chn ny, nu bn chn All, Excel s chn tt c cc c cha quy tc Data Validation trong bng tnh; nu bn chn Same, Excel ch chn nhng c cha cng quy tc Data Validation vi hin hnh.
(*)
Xem trang 130.

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Nhng phm tt khi s dng GoTo Special Ti y, xem nh bn tm hiu tt c cc tnh nng ca GoTo Special. Sau y l mt s phm tt m bn c th s dng gi nhanh mt s ty chn ca GoTo Special m khng cn phi m hp thoi GoTo Special:
Ctrl + *
(Current Region) Chn mt dy hnh ch
nht (bao gm cc khng rng) lin k vi hin hnh.

Ctrl + / (Current array) Chn tt c cc trong mt
mng (array) m hin hnh l mt phn t trong mng .

Ctrl + \ (Row differences) S dng d liu trong ct
ca hin hnh lm cc gi tr so snh, v Excel s chn cc trong cc hng tng ng c gi tr khc vi gi tr so snh.
Ctrl + | (Column differences) S dng d liu trong
hng ca hin hnh lm cc gi tr so snh, v Excel s chn cc trong cc ct tng ng c gi tr khc vi gi tr so snh.
Ctrl + End (Last cell) Chn
cui cng trong worksheet c cha d liu hoc c nh dng.

(Visible cells) Chn nhng no ang hin
Alt + ;
th trn mn hnh.
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Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt dy n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d liu gc cn nguyn, cn di chuyn th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu gc s c di di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn, trc tin bn phi chn dy cn sao chp hay di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh hoc phm tt thc hin: Dng Ribbon: Bn s dng nhm lnh u tin bn tri ca Tab Home. sao chp, bn nhn vo nt Copy, cn di chuyn, bn nhn vo nt Cut .
Hnh 38
Dng phm tt: sao chp, nhn Ctrl+C; di chuyn, nhn Ctrl+X. Nu bn s dng my tnh vi h iu hnh Windows nhiu nm, c th bn s thy rng nhng cp phm tt ny khng ch p dng cho Excel m thi, m hu nh tt c cc phn mm chy trn nn Windows u c th s dng cp phm tt ny sao chp hay di chuyn mt i tng no . Tip theo, bn chn u tin ca vng s sao chp hay di chuyn dy chn lc ban u n, ri nhn vo nt lnh Paste hoc nhn Ctrl+V. Ngoi nhng cch trn, bn cng c th s dng chut sao chp hoc di chuyn: Sau khi chn dy cn sao chp hay di chuyn, nu bn gi phm tri chut v ko dy chn n ni khc, l bn di chuyn dy chn. Cn nu bn mun sao chp ch khng phi l di chuyn,
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th bn nhn thm phm Ctrl trong khi gi phm tri v di chuyn chut ko dy chn n ni khc.
i khi bn s mun dn ni dung sao chp vi mt s chn lc no , th thay v dng lnh Paste thng thng, bn hy s dng lnh Paste Special. Sau khi copy dy cn sao chp (lu : Paste Special ch hot ng vi vic sao chp ch khng hot ng vi vic di chuyn), bn c th gi hp thoi Paste Special bng nhiu cch:
- Right-click ri chn Paste Special
- Nhn vo nt mi tn nh di nt lnh Paste trong Tab Home, ri chn Paste Special... Hp thoi Paste Special s m ra :
Hnh 39
Ty mc ch ca bn mun chn dn ci g, bn hy nhn vo ty chn tng ng:

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All Formulas Values
Dn tt c Ch dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng Ch dn gi tr v kt qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng Ch dn nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc Ch dn ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc Ch dn cc quy nh xc thc d liu (Data Validation) cho vng ch. Dn vo mi th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun. Dn vo mi th v loi b cc khung vin Ch dn vo thng tin quy nh chiu rng ct. Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s, cc nh dng khc b loi b. Dn vo gi tr, kt qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s. Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo. Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch. Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s
Formats Comments
Validation All using source theme All except borders Column widths Formulas and number formats Values and number formats None Add
Subtract
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tr i cc tng ng ca vng ngun.

Multiply
Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca vng ngun. Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca vng ngun. Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng ch. Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li. Dn vo v tham chiu ch n ngun.
Divide
Skip blanks Transpose Paste Link
Nu bn thng xuyn s dng Paste Special vi nhng ty chn Paste Formulas, Paste Value, Paste No Border, Paste Transpore v Paste Link, bn ch cn nhn vo mi tn nh di nt Paste trong Tab Home , Excel 2007 sn cho bn nhng lnh ny trn Ribbon.
Hnh 40
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Sao chp, di chuyn, Paste Special mt dy bng phm phi chut T thi Excel 2003, Excel c chc nng dng phm phi chut sao chp, di chuyn hoc Paste Special mt dy , m khng cn phi thm bt c thao tc no khc, k c vic m hp thoi Paste Special. tuy nhin t ngi bit s dng n, mc d n rt n gin: Sau khi chn dy cn sao chp, bn hy r chut ti mt mt trong bn mp ca dy ang c chn, sao cho con tr chut bin thnh mt mi tn c 4 u, ri nhn nt phi chut (nh l nt phi, ch khng phi nhn nt tri) v r dy ti ni cn dn vo v th nt phi chut ra. Ngay khi bn va th nt phi chut, mt shortcut menu s xut hin vi nhng lnh nh sau: Move Here: Di chuyn dy chn n y. Copy Here: Sao chp dy chn n y. Copy Here as Values Only: Ch sao chp gi tr ca dy chn n y.
Hnh 41
Copy Here as Formats Only: Ch sao chp nh dng ca dy chn n y. Link Here: To lin kt vi dy chn ti y. Create Hyperlink Here: To mt siu lin kt vi dy chn ti y. Shift Down and Copy: y d liu hin c xung pha di ri sao chp dy chn n y.
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Shift Right and Copy: y d liu hin c sang bn phi ri sao chp dy chn n y. Shift Down and Move: y d liu hin c xung pha di ri di chuyn dy chn n y. Shift Right and Move: y d liu hin c sang bn phi ri di chuyn dy chn n y
Thm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha c r rng hn. thm ch thch cho mt , bn chn , right-click v chn Insert Comment, hoc chn Review Comments New Comment , ri nhp ch thch vo.
Hnh 42 Thm ch thch cho
c ch thch, bn ch cn r chut ln c ch thch. sa ni dung ca ch thch, bn right-click vo cn sa ch thch v chn Edit Comment. Hoc chn Review
Comments Edit Comment
xa ch thch, bn right-click vo chn cn xa ch thch, chn Delete Comment. Hoc chn Review
Comments Delete
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Xa hon ton mt dy Khi bn mun xa hn mt dy ra khi bng tnh, ngha l vnh vin khng mun thy n na, c ni dung ln nh dng v tt c nhng g lin quan n dy ny, sau khi chn n, hy right-click v chn lnh Delete (ng nhm ln vi vic nhn nt Delete trn bn phm). Hoc chn
Home Editing Delete Delete Cells...
Mt hp thoi nh s hin ra
Shift cells left: Sau khi xa dy ang chn th ko nhng bn phi ca dy qua (thay vo ch ca n). Shift cells up: Sau khi xa dy ang chn th ko nhng bn di ca dy ln (thay vo ch ca n).
Hnh 43
Entire row: Xa hon ton nhng hng ang cha dy ang c chn (v ko vng d liu bn di ln, nu c). Entire column: Xa hon ton nhng ct ang cha dy ang c chn (v ko vng d liu bn phi qua, nu c). Xa hon ton mt ct, mt hng Xa nguyn mt ct (hoc dng) khi bng tnh rt n gin, bn qut chn nhng ct (hoc dng) m bn mun xa, right-click v chn Delete. Hoc chn Home
Column).
Editing Delete Delete Row (Delete
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Lm sch mt dy , mt ct, mt hng Khi bn ch mun xa nhng thnh phn no ca mt dy (hay mt ct, mt hng) nhng dy ny vn cn , th sau khi chn dy , bn chn Home Editing Clear .
Hnh 44 Nt lnh Clear
Mt menu ph s m ra cho bn chn la: Clear All: Xa tt c (ni dung, nh dng, ch thch...) Clear Formats: Ch xa nh dng. Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung. Clear Comments: Ch xa nhng ch thch. Ghi ch: Nu ch cn xa ni dung m thi, th sau khi chn dy (hoc nguyn mt ct, mt hng) cn xa, bn ch cn nhn phm Delete trn bn phm, hoc right-click v chn Clear Contents.
Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong worksheet v dch chuyn cc ang chn qua phi hoc xung di. Tng t, chng ta c th chn thm cc dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri. C nhiu cch chn thm , dng hoc ct trng
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vo bng tnh, nhng vi mi phin bn Excel, cch lm nhanh nht l dng phm phi chut (right-click). chn thm ct (hoc dng) trng vo bng tnh, bn phi qut chn cc ct (hoc dng) m bn s chn thm ct (hoc dng) trng vo th ch cho n, right-click v chn Insert. Hoc chn Home Editing Insert Insert
Sheet Row / Insert Sheet Column.
Hnh 45 Nt lnh Insert
chn thm cc trng vo bng tnh, bn chn cc m bn s chn cc trng vo th ch cho n, right-click v chn Insert, Insert Sheet Row. Hoc chn Home Editing Insert Insert Cell... Hp thoi Insert s hin ra cho bn chn : Shift cells right: y nhng ang c chn sang bn phi v chn cc trng vo. Shift cells down: y nhng ang c chn xung pha di v chn cc trng vo.
Hnh 46
Chng ta c th quy nh rng cho ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin th trong mt dng. rng
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mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t, khi rng l 0 th ct c n i. Tng t, chiu cao ca dng quy nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng point (1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 15 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n i. C nhiu cch iu chnh kch thc ca dng, ct: dng chut, gi lnh t Ribbon hoc t shortcut menu. Dng chut iu chnh bng tay Cch d nht l bn r chut vo cnh bn phi ca tiu ct hoc cnh di ca s th t ch dng. Khi con tr chut c hnh dng mt mi tn c 2 u v mt vch en gia, th bn nhn chut v ko qua ko li (hoc ko ln ko xung) iu chnh kch thc ca ct hoc dng. Cng vi thao tc ny, nhng thay v nhn chut v ko, nu bn double-click, Excel s t ng iu chnh kch thc ca ct hoc dng cho va vi ni dung ang cha trong (Auto Fit). Trong trng hp bn mun iu chnh mt s ct no chng c kch thc bng nhau, bn hy chn nhng ct ny, sau ch cn dng chut iu chnh kch thc cho mt ct, cc ct cn li s t ng iu chnh theo. Vi cc dng cng vy. V bn cng c th iu chnh kch thc cho tt c cc ct (cc hng) trong c bng tnh c chung mt kch thc bng cch chn nguyn c bng tnh trc khi iu chnh kch thc mt ct (dng) no .
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Dng lnh Format Cells trn Ribbon Khi bn cn nhp mt kch thc chnh xc cho cc ct (hoc dng), bn nn s dng hp thoi nhp kch thc, bng cch chn Home Cells Format . Khi dng cch ny, bn khng cn phi chn trc nguyn mt ct (hoc mt dng), m ch cn nhp chn mt hoc nhiu nm trong nhng ct (hoc nhng dng) m bn mun thay i kch thc.
Mt menu ph s m ra, bn ch cn quan tm n nhng lnh sau: Row Height...: iu chnh chiu cao cho dng. Mt hp thoi nh s m ra bn nhp kch thc vo . AutoFit Row Height: t ng iu chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi ni dung bn trong.
Hnh 47
Column Width...: iu chnh chiu rng cho ct. Mt hp thoi nh s m ra bn nhp kch thc vo . AutoFit Column Width: t ng iu chnh chiu rng ct cho ph hp vi ni dung bn trong.
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Default Width: Chn lnh ny khi bn mun quy nh li chiu rng mc nh cho tt c cc ct trong bng tnh. S dng shortcut menu Bn cng c th gi hp thoi nhp kch thc chnh xc cho nhng cc ct hoc cc dng . Bn ch cn qut chn nhng ct (hoc nhng dng) cn iu chnh kch thc, right-click ri chn Column Width... hoc Row Height..., nhp kch thc vo hp thoi m ra, ri nhn OK.
Hnh 48 Nhp kch thc cho dng v ct
Trong qu trnh lm vic vi bng tnh, chc chn s c lc bn mun n bt i mt s ct hoc mt s dng no . Hoc cng c lc bn s mun xem nhng ct v dng b n i trong mt bng tnh c ci g trong . Phi lm th no? n dng, ct Trong mc iu chnh kch thc dng v ct trn, ti ni n lnh Format (nhm Cells, Tab Home). Trong menu con ca lnh ny, nu nhn vo lnh Hide & Unhide , bn s thy mt menu nh hn m ra vi nhng lnh nh sau: Hide Rows: n nhng dng ang chn. Hide Colums: n nhng ct ang chn.
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Hnh 49 Chn lnh Hide & Unhide trn Ribbon
Mun n ct hoc dng no, bn chn nhng ct (dng) ri chn lnh tng ng. Bn c th n bao nhiu ct hoc bao nhiu dng cng c, nhng phi li trong bng tnh t nht 1 cn thy c. C mt cch nhanh hn cch gi lnh t Ribbon, v c th p dng vi bt k phin bn Excel no: l sau khi chn nhng ct (dng) mun n, bn right-click v chn Hide t shortcut menu. Hin nhng dng, ct b n Nu nhng dng, ct b n khng phi l nhng dng, ct u tin trong bng tnh, th vic cho hin ra chng cng n gin nh vic lm n chng. Vi cc ct, bn qut chn hai ct hai bn ca ct ang b n, ri chn Home Cells Format Hide & Unhide Unhide Colums. Vi cc dng, bn qut chn hai dng
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trn v di ca dng ang b n, ri chn Home Cells Format Hide & Unhide Unhide Rows. Hoc nhanh hn, sau khi qut chn, bn right-click v chn Unhide. Tuy nhin, khi cc dng, ct ang b n l nhng dng, ct u tin hoc cui cng trong bng tnh, th vic cho hin ra chng hi phc tp hn mt cht. V chng s nm nhng bin ca bng tnh, nn bn s khng th chn hai ct hai bn hoc hai dng bn trn v bn di nh ti va ni trn. Vi nhng trng hp ny, bn phi kho lo mt cht. V d, ct A ang b n, v bn mun lm hin n ra. Bn lm nh sau: 1. Chn ct B. 2. Nhn v r chut sang bn tri, ging nh l ang chn c ci ct cha tiu cc dng. 3. Th chut ra (ct B vn ang c chn). 4. Di chuyn mi tn ca con chut vo trong ct B. 5. Right-click ri chn Unhide. Ct A s hin ra. Trong trng hp ct b n nm mp bn phi ca bng tnh, th bn cng lm nh vy, nhng bc 2, thay v nhn v r chut sang tri, bn nhn v r sang phi (cho d ch chng cn ct no na ht m ch l mt khong khng). Vi nhng dng nm mp trn cng hoc di cng ca bng tnh, cch lm cng tng t nh trn. V d, dng 1 v dng 2 ang b n, v bn mun chng hin ra li: 1. Chn dng 3.
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2. Nhn v r chut sang ln trn, ging nh l ang chn c ci dng cha tiu cc ct. 3. Th chut ra (dng 3 vn ang c chn). 4. Di chuyn mi tn ca con chut vo trong dng 3. 5. Right-click ri chn Unhide. Dng 1 v 2 s hin ra. Trong trng hp dng b n nm di cng ca bng tnh, th bn cng lm nh vy, nhng bc 2, thay v nhn v r chut ln pha trn, bn nhn v r xung di (cho d ch chng cn dng no na ht m ch l mt khong khng). C mt cch nhanh hn lm xut hin ht tt c nhng dng v nhng ct ang b n: Bn hy chn ton b bng tnh, sau r chut vo bt k cnh no ca tiu ct, nhn vo ko nh mt ci (ging nh khi bn iu chnh rng ct), nhng ct b n s hin ra; hoc nhng dng b n s hin ra, bn r chut vo bt k cnh no ca tiu dng, nhn vo ko nh mt ci (ging nh khi bn iu chnh cao ca dng). Tuy nhin, cch ny c mt nhc im l sau khi bn lm nh vy th tt c cc ct (hoc cc dng) s c cng mt kch thc, iu c ngha l nhng nh dng, trnh by ca bng tnh s khng cn ging nh c na.
Chc hn bn bit lnh Merge & Center trong Excel 2003. Khi bn nhn chn nhiu v chn lnh ny, th cc chn s ghp li thnh mt duy nht, v d liu trong th c canh gia.
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Hnh 50 Merge & Center trong Excel 2007
Chn Home Alignment Merge & Center, s c mt menu nh m ra vi cc ty chn nh sau: Nu bn mun trn v canh gia d liu (ging Excel 2003) th chn lnh Merge & Center. Nu bn ch mun trn , nhng vn gi nguyn nh dng ca d liu (khng canh gia) th chn lnh Merge Across hoc Merge Cells. Lnh Unmerge Cells dng tr li v tr bnh thng cho nhng ang c trn. Mt khi ghp/trn li, nhng ny s mang mt a ch duy nht l a ch ca trn cng bn tri ca dy c trn. V nu nh trong dy s trn c nhiu cha d liu, Excel ch gi li d liu ca u tin tnh t tri sang v t trn xung. Do bn phi ht sc cn thn trc khi quyt nh trn mt s no .
Nhn Ctrl+1 gi hp thoi Format Cells, bn s thy c hai Tab chuyn dng k khung v t mu cho cc , ging nh c Excel 2003, l Tab Border v Fill (l Tab Patterns trong Excel 2003).
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k khung cho cc , bn chn Tab Border , sau chn loi ng k trong danh sch cc Styles, chn mu cho ng k danh sch Color, sau nhn vo nhng v tr s k khung trong hai nhm Presets v Borders bn tay phi.
Hnh 51
t mu cho cc , bn chn Tab Fill , chn mu trong nhm Background Color nu mun t mt mu n cho . Bng mu trong Excel 2007 phong ph hn Excel 2003 nhiu, do c th s c mt mu no s khng hin th ng nu bn dng Excel 2003 m mt bng tnh c t mu bng Excel 2007. Nu mun p dng nhng mu t cho , bn chn mu trong danh sch cc Pattern Style v chn mu cho mu trong Hnh 52 Pattern Color. Ngoi vic t mu
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n v cc mu (Pattern) nh Excel 2003, Excel 2007 cn c Fill Effects... dng to nhng hiu ng p hn cho cc .
Hnh 53
Ngoi vic dng chut cun cc thanh cun ngang v dc, hoc dng cc phm mi tn, bn nn bit nhng phm tt dng di chuyn hin hnh n mt ni no trong bng tnh nh trong bng sau y, gip cho vic di chuyn c nhanh hn.
hoc Tab hoc Shift + Tab
Sang bn phi mt Sang bn tri mt Ln pha trn mt Xung pha di mt

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Home
Nhy n ct A (nhng vn nm trong hng hin hnh) Nhy n A1 ( u tin) Nhy n c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet Sang tri mt mn hnh Sang phi mt mn hnh Ln trn mt mn hnh Xung di mt mn hnh M hp thoi Go To Nhy n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng Nhy n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l trng Di chuyn n Sheet pha trc Sheet hin hnh Di chuyn n Sheet pha sau Sheet hin hnh ***
Ctrl + Home Ctrl + End Alt + Page Up Alt + Page Down Page Up Page Down F5 End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + Ctrl + Page Up Ctrl + Page Down
Chng 3 S dng tn cho dy
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3
S dng tn cho dy
Mc d bn vn c th lm vic vi cc dy ln bng cch s dng a ch ca n, nhng c mt s khuyt im khi s dng cc ta ca mt dy: - Bn khng th lm vic vi nhiu hn mt tp hp dy trong mt ln. Mi ln bn mun s dng mt dy , bn phi nh ngha li ta ca n. - K hiu dy khng trc gic. bit mt cng thc chng hn nh =SUM(E6:E10) ang cng nhng gi tr g, bn phi xem chnh dy mi bit.
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- Mt sai st nh trong vic nh ngha cc ta dy c th dn n kt qu t hi, nht l khi bn xa mt dy . Bn c th khc phc nhng vn trn bng cch s dng tn cho dy (range name), l cc tn c gn cho mt hoc mt dy . Vi mt tn c nh ngha, bn c th s dng n thay th cho cc ta dy. V d, a mt dy vo cng thc, bn s dng tn ca dy thay v chn n hoc nhp ta ca n. Bn c th to bao nhiu tn dy ty thch v thm ch bn c th gn nhiu tn cho cng mt dy . Cc tn dy lm cho cc cng thc trc gic v d c. V d, vic gn tn DSo_8 vo mt dy, chng hn nh E6:E10, s lm r ngay mc ch ca mt cng thc, chng hn nh =SUM(DSo_8) ngha l tng doanh s ca thng 8. Cc tn dy cng tng tnh chnh xc ca cc php tnh vi dy bi v bn khng cn phi nh ta ca dy na. Ngoi ra, s dng tn cho dy cn c nhiu u im sau y: - Cc tn d nh hn cc ta dy. - Cc tn khng thay i khi bn di chuyn mt dy sang mt ch khc trong bng tnh. - Cc dy c t tn t ng iu chnh bt c khi no bn chn hoc xa cc hng, hoc cc ct, trong dy. - Cc tn lm cho d nh hng mt bng tnh hn. Bn c th s dng lnh GoTo nhy nhanh n mt dy c t tn.
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Cc tn dy c th hon ton linh hot, nhng bn cn tun theo mt vi gii hn v quy tc sau y: Tn ch c th c ti a 255 k t. Tn phi bt u vi mt ch ci hoc k t gch di ( _ ). i vi phn cn li ca tn, bn c th s dng bt k k t no (ch, s, symbol) ngoi tr khong trng. i vi cc tn c nhiu t, bn nn tch cc t bng du gch di (v d, So_Tai_Khoan) hoc bng cch dng ch hoa ch thng (v d, SoTaiKhoan), v Excel khng phn bit ch thng v ch hoa khi bn s dng tn dy trong bng tnh. Khng s dng cc a ch (chng hn nh Q1) hay bt k k hiu ton t no (+, -, *, /, <, >, v &) bi v nhng k hiu ny c th gy rc ri cho bn, nht l khi s dng tn dy trong cng thc. lm cho vic nhp tn dy d dng hn, v nhanh hn, bn nn c gng t tn cho dy cng ngn cng tt nhng vn gi c ngha ca chng. V d: TSoLN_07 th d nh v cng d nhp vo cng thc hn l Tong_So_Loi_Nhuan_Nam_2007, v (c l) d hiu hn TSLN07. Khng s dng cc tn c sn ca Excel. Nhng tn l: Auto_Activate, Auto_Close, Auto_Deactivate, Auto_Open, Consolidate_Area, Criteria, Data_Form, Database, Extract, FilterDatabase, Print_Area, Print_Titles, Recorder, v Sheet_Title.
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Mc d bn hon ton c th t tn cho dy bng ting Vit c du, tuy nhin, y l iu khng nn lm, trnh nhiu rc ri xy ra sau ny cng nh n gin ha cc tn dy.
C nhiu cch t tn cho mt dy : S dng Name Box t tn cho mt dy t tn cho mt dy bng Name Box l cch d nht. Bn ch cn chn dy mun t tn, g tn cho n vo trong Name Box v nhn Enter. S dng hp thoi New Name t tn cho mt dy S dng Name Box t tn cho dy th nhanh v trc gic. Tuy nhin, n c hai khuyt im nh (nhng gy khng t phin toi) sau y: - Nu bn c t mt tn trng vi tn c, Excel s chn ngay dy mang ci tn kia (l ci tn c). iu ny c ngha l bn phi lm li t u, chn li dy v nhp vo mt tn khc. - Nu bn chn dy, m v chn khng chnh xc, v t tn cho n, Excel s khng cho bn bt k cch thc trc tip no sa li ta ca dy hoc xa n lm li. gii quyt hai vn trn, bn cn s dng hp thoi New Name. Hp thoi ny c nhng u im sau y: - N hin th mt danh sch y cc tn c ( c nh ngha), do d kh nng nhp trng tn s gim i.
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- D dng sa li ta ca dy nu nh bn v chn khng ng. - Bn c th xa mt tn dy c. Cc bc sau y hng dn cch t tn cho mt dy bng cch s dng hp thoi New Name: 1. Chn dy m bn mun t tn. 2. Right-click vo vng chn v chn Name a Range... Hoc chn Formulas Defined Names Define Name Define Name... Hp thoi New Name s m ra .
Hnh 54 Hp thoi New Name
3. Nhp tn m bn mun t cho dy vo khung Name. 4. S dng danh sch Scope chn phm vi m tn dy ny c nh hng n. Mc nh, n s l Workbook (ton bng tnh). Chc nng ny ch c trong Excel 2007, nhng phin bn v trc cha c. Ti s ni k hn v Scope trong phn sau (*). 5. Nhp mt vi m t hoc ghi ch v dy ny trong khung Comment. Nhng m t hoc ghi ch ny s xut hin khi bn s dng tn dy trong cng thc.
(*)
Xem trang 88: Thay i phm vi nh hng ca tn dy trong bng tnh.

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Chc nng ny cng ch c trong Excel 2007, nhng phin bn v trc cha c. 6. Nu ta ca dy (t ng nm trong Refers to) khng chnh xc, bn c th s dng mt trong hai cch sau sa n: - Nhp li ta ng (bt u vi mt du =). - Nhp ci nt nh ngoi cng bn phi khung Refers to (c mi tn nh mu ) quay ra bng tnh v chn li dy cho chnh xc; sau khi chn xong th nhp vo ci nt nh (cng ngoi cng bn phi) quay v hp thoi New Name. Lu : Nu bn cn di chuyn bn trong khung Refers to bng cc phm mi tn, trc tin hy nhn phm F2 Excel bit l bn mun sa trc tip; nu khng, Excel s ngh rng bn ang mun dng phm mi tn chn mt no ngoi bng tnh (bn s thy ni dung trong khung Refers to t ng hay i, m thng l khng phi l ci bn mun). 7. Nhn OK quay v bng tnh. S dng tiu ca hng hay ct t tn cho dy Gi s bn c mt vng d liu ang c sn nhng tiu ct v hng nh hnh 55. By gi bn mun t tn cho mt hng trong vng d liu ny, m mun ci tn ca hng ny chnh l tiu ca hng . Excel c kh nng t s dng nhng tiu c sn trong mt vng d liu lm tn dy. Bn ch cn theo nhng bc sau y: 1. Chn dy m bn mun t tn, bao gm c cha tiu m bn mun s dng lm tn cho dy. V d,
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ti s chn khi B10:F10, t tn cho dng Vn phng phm.
Hnh 55
2. Nhn Ctrl + Shift + F3. Hoc chn Formulas Defined Names Create Names from Selection. Excel s hin th hp thoi Create Names from Selection . 3. Excel s on cha tn tiu m bn mun dng lm tn cho dy nm v tr no v t ng nh sn du chn vo mc tng ng: - Top row: nm trong hng trn cng - Left Column: nm ct ngoi cng bn tri - Bottom row: nm hng di cng\ - Right Column: nm ct ngoi cng bn phi Trong v d ny, Excel chn sn Left Column, v bc 1 ti chn dy l mt hng. Nu y khng phi l v tr m bn mun chn, bn ch vic hy chn n v nh du vo mc no thch hp.
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4. Nhn OK.
Vy l xong. Chc chn bn s c mt tn dy l Vn_phng_phm, i din cho dy C10:F10. Khi t tn cho dy bng cch ny, bn ng lo l b gii hn ch c chn mt ct hoc mt hng. Bn c th chn cc dy cha nhiu tiu hng ln tiu ct, v Excel s sn lng gn tn vo mi hng v mi ct, c ngha l ch vi mt ln chn, bn c th t tn cho mt lot dy. V d, ti chn dy B5:F10 v gi hp thoi Create Names from Selection, n s xut hin vi cc nh du c sn Top Row v Left Column.
Hnh 57 S dng tiu ct v hng t tn cho dy
Ti nhn OK m khng sa g c trong trng hp ny. Vy m ti to c mt lc 10 tn dy, 4 ci theo ct (Thng_1, Thng_2, Thng_3, Cng) v 5 ci theo hng (Qung_co, Thu, Kho_hng, Lng, Vn_phng_phm). trn, ti ni rng to c 10 tn dy, m ch mi lit k c 9, vy ci th 10 u? Vng, khi bn s dng phng php ny to t ng cc tn, Excel s x l c bit trn cng bn tri ca dy c chn, v n s s dng ni dung trong ny (nu c) lm tn cho c dy. Bn xem li hnh trn, trn cng bn tri ca dy B5:F10 l B5, ang
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cha ch CHI PH 2007. Sau khi ti nhn OK, tn dy th 10 m ti c chnh l CHI_PH_2007, vi ta l C6:F10.
Mt trong nhng cch tt nht lm cho cc bng tnh d hiu hn, l nh ngha tn cho cc gi tr hng s. V d, nu bng tnh ca bn s dng mt bin i li sut trong mt s cng thc no , bn c th nh ngha mt hng s c tn l Rate (li sut), v s dng tn ny trong cng thc lm cho chng d c hn. Bn c th lm theo mt trong hai cch sau: Dnh ring mt vng trong bng tnh lm ni cha cc hng s v t tn cho tng ring l. V d, hnh 58 l mt bng tnh c hai hng s c t tn: Li_sut ( B5) v S_tin ( B4). Cng thc E4 s dng hm FV tham chiu n mi hng s theo tn ca n (hm FV dng tnh s tin s c c ti mt k hn no trong tng lai, da theo li sut v s tin tit kim ban u)
Hnh 58 S dng tn cc hng s trong cng thc
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Nu bn khng mun lm b bn bng tnh ca mnh, bn c th t tn cho cc hng s m khng nhp ta cha chng trong bng tnh. - Bn hy right-click i vo u trn bng tnh ri chn Name a Range m hp thoi New Name. - Nhp mt ci tn cho hng s mun to trong khung Names, ri ti khung Refers to, nhp du bng (=) v gi tr ca hng s . - Hnh 59 l v d t tn cho hng s Rate (= 5%):
Hnh 59 t tn cho hng s khng dng tham chiu
Ghi ch: Ngoi vic nhp gi tr trc tip, Excel cn cho php bn gn mt cng thc cho mt tn. V d, bn c th nhp =YEAR(NOW()) trong khung Refers to to mt ci tn s lun lun tr v gi tr l con s ca nm hin hnh. Tnh nng ny rt thch hp trong vic gn tn cho mt cng thc di v phc tp.
Excel 2007 cho php bn nh ngha phm vi nh hng (Scope) ca mt tn dy. Phm vi ny cho bit mc m tn dy s c nhn bit trong cc cng thc.
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Trong hp thoi New Name, nu bn chn Workbook trong danh sch Scope (hoc nu bn to trc tip bng cch s dng Name Box), tn dy s c nh hng trong ton b cc Sheet. iu ny c ngha l mt cng thc nm trong Sheet1 c th tham chiu n mt tn ca mt dy nm trong Sheet3. Tuy nhin, y c th l mt vn nu bn s dng cng mt tn dy trong cc Sheet khc nhau. V d, bn c bn Sheet: First_Quarter, Second_Quarter, Third_Quarter, v Fourth_Quarter, v trong mi Sheet nh vy, bn u c nhng dy cng mang tn l Expenses. Nu 4 tn dy ny m u c phm vi nh hng l c workbook, th Excel s ri ln v khng bit phi s dng tn dy no cho Sheet no. Trong nhng trng hp nh th ny, bn nn ch nh phm vi m tn dy c nh hng trong tng Sheet ring bit. C ngha l tn dy s ch tham chiu n dy m n c nh ngha trong ring mt Sheet no m thi. Ban ch nh phm vi nh hng ca tn dy bng cch chn danh sch x xung ca khung Scope trong hp thoi New Name. Danh sch ny, ngoi ch Workbook l mc nh, cn c thm tn ca cc Sheet ang c trong bng tnh. Bn ch vic chn Sheet m bn mun s dng.
S dng mt tn dy trong cng thc hoc dng n lm i s trong hm th kh n gin: Bn ch vic thay th ta ca mt dy bng tn ca dy .
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V d, gi s bn c mt c cng thc nh sau: = G1 Cng thc ny xc lp gi tr ca cha cng thc sang gi tr hin hnh ca G1. Nu nh G1 c t tn l TotalExpenses (tng chi ph), th cng thc trn tng ng vi: = TotalExpenses Tng t, bn xem hm sau y: = SUM(E3:E10) Nu dy E3:E10 c t tn l Sales, cng thc ny s tng ng vi: = SUM(Sales) Nu bn khng chc chn v mt tn no , bn c th yu cu Excel dn chn n vo trong cng thc dm bn. Cc bc thc hin iu ny nh sau: 1. Bn c bt u nhp cng thc hoc hm, cho ti khi bn cn chn mt tn dy vo, th dng li. 2. Chn Formulas Defined Names Use in Formula, Excel s hin th mt danh sch cc tn c phm vi nh hng n bng tnh hin hnh . 3. Chn tn m bn mun dng. Excel s chn tn vo trong cng thc hoc hm ngay lp tc. S dng AutoComplete chn tn dy Excel 2007 c mt chc nng gip bn chn cc tn dy vo trong cng thc rt nhanh. Tht ra th bn khng cn phi lm g ht, ngoi vic nh c ch ci u tin ca tn dy. l chc nng AutoComplete.
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Hnh 60 Chn mt tn dy bng lnh Use in Formula
Ngay khi bn nhp ch ci u tin ca mt tn dy, nu n c tn ti trong bng tnh ca bn, th ngay lp tc Excel s x ra mt danh sch gm cc tn hm v tn dy m c ch ci u tin l ch ci m bn va g vo. Bn dng phm mi tn chn tn dy bn cn, ri nhn phm Tab, tn dy s c chn vo trong cng thc.
Hnh 61 S dng AutoComplet chn tn dy
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Trong v d hnh 61, v tn Rate c trong bng tnh, do khi ti g ch r (cho cng thc E5), ngay lp tc Excel x xung mt danh sch cc tn hm v tn dy c k t u tin l R. Ti dng chut nhn chn Rate v nhn phm Tab, Rate s c chn vo hm PMT.
Mt dy, nu c t tn th rt d chn. Excel cung cp cho bn hai phng php sau chn mt dy bng tn ca n: Dng GoTo: Bn nhn phm F5 m hp thoi GoTo, chn tn dy trong danh sch v nhn OK.
Hnh 62
Dng Name Box: chn nhanh mt dy, bn nhn vo Name Box v chn tn dy trong danh sch x xung.
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Nu bn a bng tnh ca mnh cho ngi khc xem, hoc bn phi lm vic vi mt bng tnh c t vi thng
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trc, c th bn (hoc ngi c nh xem) s khng bit cc tn dy trong bng tnh ca bn i din cho dy no. thun tin cho vic tra cu cc tn dy, bn nn chn mt bng danh sch cc tn dy vo bng tnh. Danh sch ny s gm c hai ct, mt ct l tn dy, v ct kia l ta tuyt i ca dy c tn . Bn theo cc bc sau y: 1. Chn mt vng ln cha bng danh sch ny m khng ghi ln d liu ang c (cch tt nht l bn chn lun mt sheet mi). 2. Nhn phm F3, hoc chn Formulas Defined Names Use in Formula Paste Name. Excel s hin th hp thoi Paste Name . 3. Nhn nt Paste List. Excel s chn bng danh sch cc tn dy vo hin hnh.
Hnh 64 Dng Paste Name chn danh sch cc tn dy vo bng tnh
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Name Manager l mt cng c qun l cc tn dy. Trong
Excel 2007, cng c ny hon ton mi so vi nhng phin bn c, hay hn v linh hot hn rt nhiu. Vi nhng phin bn c, bn ch c th xa mi ln mt tn dy, nhng vi Name Manager ca Excel 2007, bn c th xa hng lot tn dy ch vi mt c nhn chut. Chn Formulas Defined Names Name Manager, hoc n gin hn, bn ch cn nhn Ctrl+F3, hp thoi Mane Manager s m ra .
Hnh 65 Hp thoi Name Manager
Khi danh sch cc tn dy ca bn ln n hng chc, thm ch hng trm, bn s thy Name Manager ca Excel 2007 hiu qu n chng no. Trc ht l bn c th sp xp li cc tn dy theo tn (Name), theo gi tr (Value), theo tham chiu (Refers To), hoc theo phm vi nh hng ca n trong workbook (Scope), m ch bng mt vic rt n gin l nhn chut vo cc tiu nm pha trn danh sch cc
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tn dy. Nhn mt ln, Name Manager s sp xp t A n Z (hoc t ln ti nh), nhn thm ci na, n s sp xp ngc li. Bn c th to thm mt tn dy mi ngay trong Name Manager, bng cch nhn vo nt New gc trn bn tri. sa li mt tn dy (i tn, thay i tham chiu, thm ghi ch...), bn chn tn dy mun sa ri nhn vo nt Edit. Nu ch mun thay i tham chiu, bn nhn vo tn dy mun sa v sa trc tip tham chiu trong khung Refers To bn di. xa tn dy, bn chn nhng tn dy cn xa ri nhn Delete. y l im mi hon ton so vi Excel 2003. Bn c th chn nhiu tn dy xa chung mt ln. Nu chn nhiu tn dy lin tc, bn nhn phm Shift trong khi chn; cn nu chn nhng tn dy khng lin tc th bn nhn phm Ctrl. gc trn bn phi ca Name Manager cn c mt nt Filter, dng lc v ch xem cc tn dy theo mt tiu ch no . Nhn vo y, mt menu nh s m ra vi cc lnh:
Hnh 66
Clear Filter: Hy tt c cc cch lc nu nh n ang c chn. Ngha l bn s thy li ton b cc tn dy, k c cc tn dy nm trong mt workbook khc m c lin kt vi workbook hin hnh v cc tn dy do Excel t to ra (v d nh tn ca cc Table (*), tn do b lc Advanced Filter to ra...)
(*)
Mt dy c nh dng c bit. Xem Chng 8, trang 219.

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Names Scoped to Worksheet: Ch hin th cc tn dy c phm v nh hng trong Sheet hin hnh. Names Scoped to Workbook: Ch hin th cc tn dy c phm v nh hng trong bng tnh hin hnh. Names with Errors: Ch hin th cc tn dy ang cha cc gi tr li (ch khng phi l tn dy ny c li, nh mt vi ngi lm tng), chng hn nh #NAME, #REF, #VALUE, v.v... Names without Errors: Ch hin th cc tn dy khng cha cc gi tr li. Defined Names: Ch hin th cc tn dy do bn to ra, m khng thy cc tn do Excel to ra t ng (nh tn cc Table chng hn). Table Names: Ch hin th cc tn ca cc Table. Nhng tn ny c Excel t ng to ra khi bn nh ngha mt dy (hay cn gi l mt vng chn) l mt Table.
Nu trong bng tnh ca bn c nhng dy ph chng ln nhau (giao nhau), bn c th s dng ton t giao nhau (l mt khong trng) tham chiu n nhng thuc vng giao nhau ny. Nu trong bng tnh ca bn c nhng dy ph chng ln nhau (giao nhau), bn c th s dng ton t giao nhau (l mt khong trng) tham chiu n nhng thuc vng giao nhau ny. V d, c hai dy C4:E9 v D8:G11 giao nhau vng D8:E9 . to mt tham chiu n vng D8:E9 ny, bn dng cch vit nh sau: = C4:E9 D8:G11
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Hnh 67 Vng giao nhau ca hai dy
Vic s dng ton t giao nhau s lm cho mi th tr nn d c hn nhiu, v bn c th tham chiu n mt ring l bng cch s dng tiu ca hng v ct ca . V d, trong hnh sau y, ti t tn cho dy C6:C10 l Thng_1 v t tn cho dy C7:F7 l Thu
Hnh 68 S dng vng giao nhau ca 2 tn dy thay cho tham chiu trong cng thc
tham chiu n gi tr ca C7 (l giao nhau ca hai dy trn), ti ch cn g (ti I5): = Thu Thng_1 Nhn vo cng thc, ti s bit ngay y l s tin thu phi np ca thng 01/2007. ***
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4
Nhp liu v nh dng d liu
Nu bn bit trc dy m bn s s dng nhp d liu, bn c th tit kim cho mnh mt s thi gian v thao tc g phm bng cch chn dy trc khi bt u nhp d liu, thay v c t m nhp vo tng mt. Khi bn nhp d liu vo mt dy c chn trc, bn hy dng cc phm c lit k trong bng sau y nh hng cho dy:
Chng 4 Nhp liu v nh dng d liu
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Enter Shift + Enter Tab Shift + Tab Ctrl + . (du chm)
Di chuyn xung mt hng Di chuyn ln mt hng Di chuyn sang phi mt ct Di chuyn sang tri mt ct Di chuyn t gc bn ny sang gc bn kia ca dy Di chuyn n dy k tip trong mt vng chn gm cc dy khng lin tip Di chuyn n dy nm trc trong mt vng chn gm cc dy khng lin tip
Ctrl + Alt +
Ctrl + Alt +
Khi bn cn in nhp vo mt dy cng mt gi tr hoc mt cng thc no , thay v bn phi nhp vo tng , hoc nhp vo u tin ri copy ni dung trong sang cc cn li, c hai cch bn ch cn nhp mt ln cho tt c cc trong dy (hay cn gi l in y mt dy): Chn dy m bn mun nhp, ri nhp gi tr hoc cng thc vo u tin, v nhn Ctrl+Enter. Excel s t ng in gi tr hoc cng thc vo ton b cc cn li trong dy.
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Nhp gi tr hoc cng thc vo u tin ca dy, ri qut chn dy m bn mun cng c gi tr hoc cng thc (bao gm c ban u). Sau : - Nu dy ca bn l mt dy dc, nhn Ctrl+D Excel t ng in gi tr hoc cng thc xung cc bn di. - Nu dy ca bn l mt dy ngang, nhn Ctrl+R Excel t ng in gi tr hoc cng thc sang cc bn phi.
Fill Handle l mt vung nh
mu en nm gc phi pha di ca hoc dy hin hnh . Cng c nh nhng rt linh hot ny c th lm c nhiu iu hu dng, bao gm vic to ra mt chui gi tr text Hnh 69 Fill Handle hoc gi tr s v in y d liu vo mt dy; lm sch ni dung, chn v xa cc dy... S dng AutoFill to ra chui text v chui s Khi lm vic vi bng tnh, bn s thng s dng nhng chui text lin tc (January, February, March... hoc Sunday, Monday, Tuesday...) v chui s lin tc (1, 3, 5... hoc 2003, 2004, 2005...). Thay v nhp cc chui ny bng tay, bn c th s dng Fill Handle to ra chng mt cch t ng. Tnh nng ny c gi l AutoFill (t ng in). Sau y l cc bc bn thc hin:
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1. to ra mt chui text lin tc, bn ch cn chn u tin trong dy bn mun s dng, v nhp cho n mt gi tr ban u. Nhng vi chui s, bn cn nhp hai gi tr u tin v ri chn c hai . 2. t con tr chut vo ci Fill Handle. Con tr chut s bin thnh mt du cng (+). 3. Nhp vo ko con tr chut cho n khi c mt ng vin mu xm bao quanh dy m bn mun in y. Nu bn khng chc chn ni dng li, bn hy ch n gi tr hin ln ngay pha di con tr chut, n cho bn bit gi tr ca m bn va ko con tr chut i ngang qua. 4. Nh nt chut ra. Excel s in y chui lin tc vo trong dy. Khi bn nh nt chut ra sau khi s dng AutoFill, Excel khng ch in y vo dy m cn hin th thm mt ci Smart tag gm nhng ty chn cho AutoFill (AutoFill Option). thy nhng ty chn ny, Hnh 70 bn r con tr chut Smart tag v nhp ci mi tn hng xung m ra mt danh sch cc ty chn. Nhng ty chn m bn thy ph thuc vo loi chui m bn to. Thng th bn s thy t nht c bn ty chn sau y: Copy Cells: in y dy bng cch sao chp (hoc cc ) gc. Fill Series: p dng mt chui lin tc (l ty chn mc nh ca AutoFill)
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Fill Formatting Only: Ch p dng nh dng ca gc vo dy c chn. Fill Without Formatting: in y vo dy mt chui lin tc, nhng khng p dng nh dng ca gc vo dy. Trong Excel c sn mt s danh sch AutoFill: cc Th trong tun v cc Thng trong nm (bng ting Anh, vit tt v vit y ). Bn ch cn nhp mt gi tr no (khng nht thit phi l gi tr u tin ca danh sch), AutoFill s t ng in cc gi tr cn li. Nu s dng AutoFill thng xuyn, bn s thy AutoFill rt thng minh: N s t ng nhn bit cc gi tr thi gian, ngy thng; v khng ch p dng bc nhy cho cc gi tr s, n cng c th p dng bc nhy cho cc gi tr thi gian v c nhng gi tr text. Sau y l mt s v d:
Mon Mon, Wed 3:00 3:00, 3:05 26-Mar Nov-10 1st Phng 1 T 1, T 3
Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat... Mon, Wed, Fri, Sun, Tue... 3:00, 4:00, 5:00, 6:00... 3:00, 3:05, 3:10, 3:15... 26-Mar, 27-Mar, 28-Mar... Nov-10, Dec-10, Jan-11, Feb-11... 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th... Phng 1, Phng 2, Phng 3... T 1, T 3, T 5, T 7, T 9...
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T to nhng danh sch AutoFill Bn c th t do nh ngha nhng danh sch AutoFill theo ring mnh, theo nhng bc sau y: 1. Nhn nt Office Excel Options. 2. Trong hp thoi Excel Options, chn mc Popular ri nhn vo lnh Edit Custom Lists...
Hnh 71 M hp thoi Custom Lists t Options ca Excel
3. Chn mc NEW LIST trong hp thoi Custom Lists, mt im chn s xut hin trong khung List entries. 4. Nhp mt t trong danh sch m bn mun to vo khung List Entries v nhn Enter. Lp li bc ny cho cc t khc trong danh sch. Hy chc chn rng bn
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thm cc mc t theo th t m bn mun chng xut hin trong chui lin tc. Nu bn ang c sn mt danh sch ngoi bng tnh, v bn s thng xuyn s dng danh sch ny, bn hy a n vo trong Custom Lists bng cch nhp chut vo biu tng c mi tn mu , sau qut chn dy danh sch ngoi bng tnh, ri li nhp vo biu tng ny mt ln na tr v hp thoi Custom Lists. Sau khi bn nhn Import, danh sch bn va chn s t ng c thm vo trong List entries.
5. Nhn Add thm danh sch va to vo Custom Lists.
6. Lp li bc 4 thm nhng danh sch khc. Nu xong, th nhn OK hai ln quay v bng tnh. Trong trng hp bn mun xa mt danh sch no , bn ch cn chn n ri nhn nt Delete.
Ngoi chc nng AutoFill, Excel cn c lnh Series, cng c kh nng to ra nhng chui s, chui text lin tc, gip bn tit kim c kh nhiu thi gian khi phi nhp liu. Sau y l nhng bc nhp liu bng lnh Series: 1. Chn u tin m bn mun s dng bt u mt chui d liu lin tc, v nhp mt gi tr khi u. Khc vi vic dng AutoFill, trong trng hp bn mun to mt chui t mt mu c th (chng hn nh chui cc s chn: 2, 4, 6...), bn khng phi nhp trc hai gi tr nh ngha chui (tuy nhin, nu bn mun lm vic ny th cng khng tha).
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2. Chn ton b dy m bn mun to mt chui d liu lin tc. 3. Chn Home Editting Fill Series.
Hnh 72 Gi lnh Series t Ribbon
4. Trong hp thoi Series, chn Rows to chui trong cc hng bt u t hin hnh, hoc nhp chn Columns to chui trong cc ct. Nhng thng th Excel s chn sn cho bn, ty vo dng ca chui bn thc hin bc 2.
Hnh 73 Hp thoi Series
5. S dng cc ty chn trong nhm Type chn loi chui m bn mun to: Linear: Tm gi tr k tip trong chui bng cch cng thm gi tr trong Step Value vo gi tr ng trc (s to mt chui cp s cng). Growth: Tm gi tr k tip trong chui bng cch nhn thm gi tr trong Step Value vo gi tr ng trc (s to mt chui cp s nhn).
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Date: To ra mt chui ngy thng da vo ty chn m bn ch nh trong nhm Date Unit (Ngy, Ngy trong Tun, Thng, hoc Nm) AutoFill: Ty chn ny lm vic ging nh khi bn s dng cng c Fill Handle. Bn c th dng n m rng mt mu gi tr s hoc mt chui text. 6. Nu bn mun hi quy mt chui s, hy nh du chn Trend. Bn ch c th dng chc nng ny khi chn loi chui l Linear hay Growth. 7. Nu bn chn loi chui l Linear, Growth, hoc Date, hy nhp mt con s trong Step Value. Excel s dng con s ny gia tng gi tr trong chui. Trong trng hp bn nhp trc vi gi tr nh ngha chui ( bc 1), bn s thy Excel t nhn ra iu ny v in sn mt con s trong khung Step Value. 8. t gi tr gii hn cho chui, nhp gi tr thch hp trong khung Stop Value. Vi AutoFill, nh bn i qu trn khi ko Fill Handle, bn phi xa bt. Cn khi c Stop Value, cho d bc 1 bn c chn d , th kt qu bn c c lun l ci bn mun. 9. Nhn OK, Excel s in y chui vo trong dy bn chn. Hnh 78 l mt vi v d cc chui c to bng phng php ny. Bn xem nh: Chui Growth (ct C) dng li C12 (gi tr = 128) bi v s hng k tip trong chui (256) ln hn gi tr dng (Stop Value) l 250. Chui Day (ct D) in vo dy nhng ngy l trong thng bi v gi tr Step Value l 2 (v gi tr bn u l mt ngy l). Chui Weekday (ct E) hi khc mt t: Cc ngy thng c in vo dy theo trnh t, nhng b qua nhng ngy cui tun.
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Hnh 74 Mt vi v d to chui lin tc bng lnh Series
Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s, cc gi tr ngy thng nm, cc chui vn bn, cc biu thc ton hc, cc ton t logic... Nhng chung quy li th ch c hai dng d liu ny: d liu c th tnh ton c v d liu khng th tnh ton c. Mc nh, ty thuc vo ni dung chng ta nhp vo, Excel s t ng nh dng cho ph hp: Nhng d liu c th tnh ton c s c t ng canh phi, ngha l nm st vo l bn phi ca ; cn nhng d liu khng th tnh ton c, th chng s nm st l bn tri ca . Vic t ng ny c th gip cho bn kim tra d liu nhp vo ca bn c ng quy cch hay khng. V d, nu nh bn nhp vo mt gi tr ngy thng nm, m chng li nm st l bn tri sau khi bn nhn Enter, th ch l mt chui vn bn c dng ngy thng nm ch khng phi l
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mt gi tr ngy thng thc s, ngha l khng th dng tnh ton c. Do , nhp liu nhanh chng v d dng kim tra tnh chnh xc ca d liu, bn khng nn canh l cho d liu khi ang nhp liu, c cho Excel t ng lm vic ny. Tuy nhin, nh dng cho d liu nhp vo khng ch l vic canh l, m cn l quy nh nhng quy tc nhp liu cng nh cch hin th d liu .
Mc d bn s dng Excel, nhng nhng quy nh v du phn cch hng nghn, du phn cch thp phn, nh dng ngy thng nm... li ph thuc vo nhng thit lp ca bn trong Control Panel ca h iu hnh. Trong , quan trng nht l thit lp v nh dng s (Numbers) v nh dng ngy thng nm (Date). ci t nhng thit lp ny, bn vo Control Panel, ri chn lnh Region and Language. Nu s dng Windows XP, bn nhn vo Customize..., nu s dng Windows 7, bn nhn vo Additional setting... Hp thoi Customize Format s m ra. Nhng thit lp cho Numbers y l nhng quy nh v cch dng nhng du phn cch trong mt con s. Mc nh, Windows s s dng nh dng s theo kiu M (du phy l du phn cch hng nghn, du chm l du phn cch thp phn). Nu bn mun nh dng s theo kiu Vit Nam, bn hy sa li ba mc sau y: Decimal symbol: Sa du phn cch thp phn.
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Hnh 75 Chn cc nh dng cho Numbers t Control Panel
Digit grouping symbol: Sa du phn cch hng nghn. List seperator: y chnh l du phn cch cc i s khi nhp hm trong cng thc ca Excel. Trong trng hp bn chn du phn cch thp phn l du phy, buc bn phi chn li du separator l du chm phy. Cn nu du phn cch thp phn l du chm, th y l du phy. Sau khi bn chnh sa, bn c th xem ngay cch hin th ca nhng con s trong khung Example pha trn.
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Nhng thit lp cho Currency y l nhng quy nh v cch dng nhng du phn cch trong mt con s ch tin t. Mc nh, Windows s s dng nh dng theo kiu M (du phy l du phn cch hng nghn, du chm l du phn cch thp phn). Nu bn sa li nh dng Number theo kiu Vit Nam, bn cng nn sa li nhng du phn cch trong mc ny ging nh vy. Nhng thit lp cho Date y l nhng quy nh v cch nhp ngy thng nm. Mc nh th Windows s dng kiu M, thng trc ngy sau (mm/dd/yyyy). Nu bn thch dng kiu Vit Nam, ngy trc thng sau (dd/mm/yyyy) th bn sa li mc Date formats. Sa c Short date (dng vit tt) ln Long date (dng vit y ). Bn cng c th quy nh du phn cch ngy thng nm l du g ngay y. Tuy nhin, nu khng bt buc th bn ng dng du chm (mc d trong mt s vn bn vn tn ti kiu ny), bi v c th n s nh hng n cc nh dng s, nu nh bn chn du phn cch thp phn l du chm chng hn. pha di, c mc Calendar, dng quy nh con s ch nm khi ch s dng 2 ch s thay v 4. Mc nh, khi bn ch nhp con s ch nm vi 2 ch s, Windows s hiu mt khong thi gian t nm 1930 n nm 2029. Bn c th ty iu chnh mc thi gian ny cho ph hp. Cng trong mc Calendar, bn c th quy nh ngy u tun l th my (Ch Nht hay Th Hai), iu ny s nh hng n nhng hm lin quan n vic tnh tun l m bn s gp sau ny.
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Hnh 76 Chn cc nh dng cho Numbers t Control Panel
Khi bn nhp cc con s vo bng tnh, Excel s loi b bt k s 0 (zero) no ng pha trc s nguyn hoc pha sau s l. V d, nu bn nhp 0123.4500, Excel s hin th n l 123.45. Ngoi l cho quy tc ny xy ra khi bn nhp mt con s di hn chiu rng ca , khi Excel s iu chnh rng ca ct cha va con s ny. Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp, Excel li lm trn mt vi ch s hng thp phn cha va con s trong mt . V d, mt con s nh 123.45678 c hin th l 123.4568.
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S dng hp thoi Format Cells nh dng s Khi bn to mi mt bng tnh, mi trong bng tnh mi ny s mc nh s dng nh dng General (l loi nh dng m ti va trnh by trn). Nu bn mun nhng con s ca mnh hin th khc nhau, bn c th chn mt trong 7 kiu nh dng s ca Excel: Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage, Fraction, Scientific, v Special. Trong tt c mi phin bn ca Excel, bn c th m hp thoi Format Cells bng cch nhn t hp phm Ctrl+1, sau chn Tab Number (nu n cha c chn). Trong khung Category c nhng nhm nh dng nh sau: Number: nh dng kiu s Bn c nhng ty chn sau : - Decimal places: S ch s thp phn (t 1 ch s n ti a l 30 ch s) - Use 1000 Seperator: c s dng du phn cch hng nghn hay khng. - Negative numbers: Cch hin th cc s m. Bn c th hin th s m vi du tr ng trc, hoc l mu , hoc l nm trong mt cp du ngoc n, hay l s mu nm trong cp du ngoc n mu . Currency: nh dng kiu tin t Cc nh dng tin t tng t nh cc nh dng Number, ngoi tr vic du phn cch hng ngn s lun c s dng, v bn c th ty chn hin th s vi du -la ($) trc (hoc mt k hiu n v tin t no ) hay khng.
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Hnh 77 Chn cc nh dng cho Numbers t hp thoi Format Cells
Accounting: nh dng kiu k ton Loi ny cng ging nh Currency, ch khc l tt c cc s m lun lun hin th bn trong mt cp du ngoc n. Percentage: nh dng kiu phn trm nh dng phn trm hin th s c nhn vi 100 v c mt du phn trm (%) cui. V d, .506 s hin th di dng 50.6%. Fraction: nh dng Phn S Cc nh dng phn s cho php bn biu din cc i lng thp phn di dng cc phn s. C tt c 9 kiu nh dng phn s c th hin th. Scientific: nh dng kiu khoa hc Cc nh dng khoa hc hin th con s c ngha nht nm bn tri du chm thp phn, t 2 n 30 s thp phn nm bn phi du chm thp phn, v sau l s m. V d, 123000 hin th l 1.23E+05.
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Special: nh dng kiu c bit L nhng tp hp c thit k sn x l nhng trng hp c bit, ch thch hp vi ngi M (m in thoi, m s an sinh x hi,...). Thay i cc kiu nh dng s khi nhp liu Cch nhanh nht Excel bit cch nh dng cc con s l xc nh kiu nh dng ngay khi bn nhp d liu. V d, nu bn bt u mt con s tin t vi mt du -la ($), Excel s t ng nh dng con s vi dng tin t. Tng t, nu bn nhp mt du phn trm (%) sau mt s, Excel t ng nh dng s ny dng l mt t l phn trm. Bn c th nhp mt gi tr m bng cch s dng du m (-) hoc nhp s trong mt cp du ngoc n. Mt s v d:
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$1234.567 ($1234.5) 10% 123E+02 5 3/4 0 3/4 3/4
$1,234.567 ($1,234.50) 10% 1.23E+04 5 3/4 3/4 03-Apr
Currency Currency Percentage Scientific Fraction Fraction Date
Xc nh nh dng s ngay khi nhp mt con s th nhanh v hiu qu bi v Excel on c nh dng m bn mun s dng. Nhng i khi Excel on sai (trong v d cui cng trn, ti mun nhp mt phn s, nhng Excel li hiu l ngy thng). Ngoi cch s dng hp thoi Format Cells chn li kiu nh dng, Excel 2007 cung cp cho bn mt danh sch cc kiu nh dng c thit k sn ngay trong nhm Number ca Tab Home trn Ribbon . Sau khi chn dy s m bn mun nh dng li, bn hy nhn vo nt mi tn nm bn phi khung Number Format List, mt danh sch cc loi nh dng s m ra, c km theo minh ha cho loi nh dng s chn. V d, nu ti chn ang cha con s 12345678, ti s c cc loi nh dng nh sau: Number formats Currency formats Accounting formats Percentage formats
Fraction formats
: 12345678.00 : $12,345,678.00 : $12,345,678.00 : 12345678.00%
: 12345678
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Scientific formats : 1.23E+07
Hnh 79 Chn loi nh dng s t Number Format Lists trn Ribbon
Nu bn khng thch loi no trong cc loi Excel gi , bn nhn vo lnh More Number Formats... nm di cng danh sch. Hp thoi Format Cells s m ra. Hoc bn c th s dng nhng t hp phm tt sau y chn nhanh kiu nh dng:
Ctrl + Shift + `
(phm u tin, bn tri phm s 1)
General (nh dng theo mc nh)
Ctrl + Shift + 1
Number (nh dng theo kiu s, c hai s thp phn v c dng du phn cch hng nghn) Currency (nh dng theo kiu tin t, c
Ctrl + Shift + 4
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hai ch s thp phn, dng du $, s m nm trong cp du ngoc n)

Ctrl + Shift + 5 Percentage (nh dng theo kiu phn trm, khng c s thp phn) Scientific (nh dng theo kiu khoa hc)
Ctrl + Shift + 6
Ngoi ra, cn mt cch na nh dng li mt gi tr s, bng cch s dng cc nt iu khin trong nhm Number ca Tab Home trn Ribbon .
Hnh 80 Nhm nt lnh nh dng s trn Ribbon
Accounting Style: nh dng kiu tin t ca k ton (c hai ch s thp phn, s dng du -la) Percent Style: nh dng kiu phn trm (khng c ch s thp phn) Comma Style: nh dng kiu s (c hai ch s thp phn, dng du phn cch hng nghn) Increase Decimal: Tng s ch s thp phn trong nh dng hin hnh.
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Decrease Decimal: Gim s ch s thp phn trong nh dng hin hnh (tng ng vi vic lm trn s ln).
Khi a vo bng tnh cc gi tr ngy thng v thi gian, bn cn bo m chng c nhp theo ng nh dng quy nh trong Region and Language ca Control Panel. Nu khng, c th Excel s khng th hiu c, v ngoi chuyn khng th tnh ton c, bn cng s khng th no sp xp d liu theo th t thi gian. Cch d nht kim tra mt gi tr ngy thng c nhp vo c ng quy cch hay khng, nh ti ni phn u ca mc nh dng d liu ny, l bn ng nh dng trc khi nhp liu, m c nhp bnh thng, nu sau khi bn nhp xong m gi tr ngy thng ny c canh st l phi ca , th bn nhp ng, cn nu chng vn nm st l bn tri ca , l bn nhp sai. Sau khi nhp xong, nu cn thit phi nh dng li cc gi tr ngy thng v thi gian cho ph hp vi cng vic, bn c th s dng nhng cch sau y: S dng hp thoi Format Cells Trong khung Category ca hp thoi Format Cells c mt mc chuyn nh dng cho ngy thng (Date) v mt mc chuyn nh dng cho thi gian (Time). Nu chn trc gi tr cn thay i nh dng, bn s thy lun cch hin th ca n trong khung Sample ng vi tng loi nh dng trong khung Type. Bn c th chn bt c loi no bn mun ri nhn OK.
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Cch chn cc kiu nh dng cho cc gi tr thi gian cng tng t nh vy, bn ch vic chn mt loi no trong khung Type, xem trc kt qu trong khung Sample, ng loi no th nhn OK. Ghi ch: Loi nh dng c du sao (*) pha trc, l loi nh dng theo kiu quy nh trong trong Region and Language ca Control Panel. S dng Ribbon v phm tt Trong Number Format List ca Excel 2007, ngoi cc kiu nh dng s, cn c cc loi nh dng cho ngy thng v thi gian. D nhin l cc kiu nh dng c sn ny ty thuc vo quy nh trong trong Region and Language ca Control Panel.
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Short Date: nh dng ngy thng nm ngn gn, ch c ngy, thng v nm, th hin hon ton bng s (v d: 30/06/2010) Long Date: nh dng ngy thng nm y , gm c Th trong tun v tn ca thng (v d: Wednesday, June, 30, 2010). Time: nh dng thi gian dng 12 gi, c k hiu phn bit bui sng (AM) hay bui chiu (PM).
Hnh 82 Chn loi nh dng ngy thng v thi gian t Number Format Lists trn Ribbon
Hoc bn c th s dng nhng t hp phm tt sau y chn nhanh kiu nh dng:
Ctrl + Shift + 2
Time (nh dng thi gian theo dng h:mm AM/PM) Date (nh dng ngy thng nm theo dng dd-mmm-yy)
Ctrl + Shift + 3
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Microsoft Excel khng phi l phn mm chuyn v vn bn, do , chc nng nh dng text trong Excel kh khim tn. Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng thng thng nh in m, in nghing, gch di, t mu cho ch,... s dng tng t nh ngi anh em cng h l Microsoft Word, hu nh Excel khng cn lm c g nhiu hn. S dng cc nt lnh trn Ribbon Cch nhanh nht nh dng cho nhng ni dung trong mt (c th l ch, l con s, l biu thc....) l dng nhng nt lnh c sn trong Tab Home trn Ribbon. Nhng nt lnh ny tuy khng phong ph bng nhm nt lnh nh dng ch trong Microsoft Word, nhng nu so vi nhng g c sn trong Excel 2003, th Excel 2007 c rt nhiu ci tin nhm gip bn tit kim c thi gian khi lm vic vi cc bng tnh. Nh bn thy trong hnh 87, bn tri l nhm Font, gm nhng nt lnh dng chn font ch, c ch, nh dng in m, in nghing, gch di v t mu cho ni dung trong mt . pha trn c hai ch A, dng tng gim c ch.
Hnh 83 Nhm nt lnh dng nh dng cho d liu text trn Ribbon
Bn phi l nhm Alignment, dng canh l cho ni dung trong : hng trn l dng canh l theo chiu dc (ni dung s nm St cnh trn, st cnh di hay nm chnh gia ca ). Theo mc nh ca Excel, khi bn nhp ci g vo trong mt , n s nm st cnh di ca . Bn
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phi l nt lnh dng nh hng: ni dung s nm ngang, nm dc, hay nm nghing... Hng di ca nhm Alignment l nhm nt lnh canh phi, canh gia hay canh tri cho ni dung trong theo chiu ngang. Hai nt ngoi cng bn phi dng cha l (tc l cch bin bn phi v bin bn tri ca mt khong cch no , mc nh th ni dung s nm st vo mt trong hai bin ny). Mc d bn c th nh dng cho c ni dung l ch v s, tuy nhin, theo kinh nghim ca ring ti, bn khng nn canh l cho nhng con s (c nhng gi tr ngy thng v thi gian), m c cho Excel nh dng theo mc nh ca n, ngha l nhng gi tr ny s lun c canh st l bn phi. Ngoi cng bn phi ca nhm Alignment c hai nt lnh: Nt trn l Wraptext, dng bt/tt ch trnh by ni dung trong mt vi nhiu hng. Nt di l Merge & Center, dng bt/tt ch ghp nhiu thnh mt . Nhng nt lnh c sn trn Ribbon chc chn khng p ng y cho cc nhu cu nh dng d liu kiu text. Mun thc hin nhng nh dng cao cp hn, bn hy nhn vo nt mi tn nh nm gc di bn phi ca nhm Font hoc nhm Alignment gi hp thoi Format Cells (hoc dng t hp phm tt Ctrl+1). To ch s trn, ch s di i khi, do yu cu cng vic, chng ta phi nh dng ch s trn, ch s di cho vn bn. V d nh khi nhp n v tnh din tch (m2, m3), hoc nhng k hiu ha hc (H2O, CO2). thc hin iu ny, bn theo nhng bc sau: 1. Chn k t mun nh dng thnh ch s trn hoc ch s di.
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2. Nhn Ctrl+1 m hp thoi Format Cells, ri chn Tab Font. 3. Trong khung Effects, bn chn Superscript to ch s trn , chn Subscript to ch s di. 4. Nhn OK tr v bng tnh.
Hnh 84 Chn Superscript to ch s trn
Ngt dng trong Khi nhp liu vn bn, nu bn nhn Enter, hin hnh s di chuyn xung bn di, ch khng phi l ngt dng cho on vn bn ; v cng khng phi l nhn Shift+Enter ngt dng gia chng nh trong MS Word. ngt dng cho on vn bn trong mt , bn nhn t hp phm Alt+Enter ti v tr mun ngt dng. Trong trng hp bn mun d liu kiu text s t ng ngt dng theo gii hn chiu rng ca , bn c 2 cch: Nhn vo nt Wrap Text trn Ribbon nh ti ni trn.
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Chn nhng mun nh dng, nhn Ctrl+1 m hp thoi Format Cells, chn Tab Alignment ri nh du vo ty chn Wrap Text trong nhm Text Control.
Hnh 85 Tab Alignment trong hp thoi Format Cells
p d liu text cho va vi chiu rng Cng trong hp thoi Format Cells, Tab Alignment, nu bn mun d liu text trong mt s t ng co nh li cho va vi chiu rng (m khng ngt dng), th bn nh du vo ty chn Shrink to fit. Ghi ch: Nu ty chn Wrap Text ang c nh du, bn phi hy chn n, th mi c th chn c Shrink to fit. Canh l cho d liu Excel cho php bn canh l cho d liu trong mt khng ch theo chiu ngang, m cn theo chiu dc.
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Trong Tab Alignment ca hp thoi Format Cells, nhm Text alignment c 2 mc: Horizontal dng canh l d liu theo chiu ngang, Vertical dng canh l d liu theo chiu dc. Horizontal c nhng ty chn sau y - General: Canh l theo mc nh (ty thuc vo mi loi d liu) - Left (Indent): Canh l tri - Center: Canh gia - Right (Indent): Canh l phi - Fill: Lp y ht chiu rng ca bng d liu hin c. - Justify: Canh u hai bin - Center Across Selection: Canh gia bng ngang qua nhng c chn. - Distributed (Indent): Chia u khong cch ca d liu trong . Nhng ty chn c km ch Indent, s b tr d liu nm cch bin ca mt khong cch do bn quy nh trong ty chn Indent ngay bn phi. Xin ni r hn v hai ty chn Fill v Center Across
Selection:
Hnh 86 Cc kiu canh l cho d liu text theo chiu ngang
- Fill: Thng s dng khi bn mun lm nhng ng chm chm chy ht chiu ngang . Thay v phi g hng chc du chm, bn ch cn g 1 du chm, ri chn ty chn ny.
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- Center Across Selection: Thng thng, khi mun trnh by mt tiu g , ngi ta hay s dng chc nng Merge & Center (trn cc v canh gia d liu). Tuy nhin, trong cc bng cn n vic lc d liu, chc nng ny s gy nhiu rc ri. Trong trng hp , bn nn s dng Center Across Selection. D liu s c canh gia nhng chn, nhng cc vn l nhng c lp, khng b trn thnh 1 . V d: Hnh 87 l trng hp cc B2:F2 c Merge and Center, khi bn nhn vo bt k no trong dy B2:F2, th c dy c chn, bi v chng ch cn l mt c a ch l B2:
Hnh 87 S dng Merge and Center cho dy
Hnh 88 l trng hp nh dng Center Across Selection cho dy B2:F2. Ni dung chnh thc ra vn nm trong B2, mc d c v nhng chng ang nm gia dy B2:F2. V ng nhin, cc t B2 n F2 vn l nhng c lp, bn c th chn ring tng :
Hnh 88 S dng Center Across Selection cho dy
Vertical c nhng ty chn sau y

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- Bottom: Canh l d liu theo cnh di ca (mc nh). - Top: Canh l d liu theo cnh trn ca .
- Center: Canh l d
liu nm gia theo chiu dc.

Hnh 89 Cc kiu canh l - Justify: Canh u d cho d liu text theo chiu dc liu theo chiu dc ca . Tuy nhin, nu d liu qu t, th chng s nm st cnh trn ca (Top).
- Distributed: Chia u khong cch ca d liu trong theo chiu dc. Trong trng hp d liu qu t, chng s nm ngay chnh gia (Center). Nhp nhng k t c bit Excel cng cho php chng ta nhp nhng k t c bit (khng c trn bn phm) vo cc chui text, ging nh MS Word. Khi mun nhp mt k t c bit, bn nhp chn Symbol trong Tab Insert ca Ribbon:
Hnh 90 Dng lnh Insert Symbol nhp nhng k t c bit
Mt hp thoi s m ra, cha y nhng k t c bit . Bn ch vic chn k t cn nhp vo ri nhn Insert.
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Hnh 91 Hp thoi Symbol
Khi xy dng bng tnh phc v cho cng vic ca mnh, chc chn s c lc bn mun quy nh vic nhp d liu theo nhng yu cu nht nh no , v nu nhp sai hoc khng ng yu cu th s c mt thng bo li hin ra nhc nh. Cng c Data Validation (xc nhn tnh hp l ca d liu) s gip bn thc hin vn ti va nu trn. N s gip bn nhp liu mt cch chnh xc theo cc yu cu t ra v hn ch sai st ti thiu.
thit lp nhng quy tc nhp liu, trc ht bn cn chn dy m bn s p dng nhng quy tc ny, sau ,
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chn Data Data Tools Data Validation, hp thoi Data Validation s m ra . Mc nh, bn s thy trong trong nhm Validation Criteria c sn ty chn Any Value mc Allow, ngha l chng ta c th nhp bt c kiu d liu no cng c.
Hnh 92
Bn c th thit lp cc quy tc nhp liu vi nhng ty chn trong danh sch ca mc Allow: Whole number, Decimal, List, Date, Time, Text lenght, v Custom. Nhng cho d bn chn ty chn no, th hp thoi ny lun lun c hai ty chn: Ignore blank: Nu bn nh du chn vo y, Excel s khng p dng quy tc nhp liu vi nhng rng. Clear All: Xa tt c nhng quy tc nhp liu m bn thit lp cho dy ang chn. Ty vo loi quy tc bn chn, Data Validation s a ra nhng textbox thch hp bn nhp cc gi tr gii hn cho quy tc. Bn c th quy nh cc gi tr gii hn ny l c nh hoc khng c nh:
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Gi tr gii hn c nh c nh mt gi tr gii hn, bn hy nhp trc tip vo mt con s hoc mt gi tr thch hp vi quy tc m bn s thit lp. Gi tr gii hn khng c nh Nu bn s dng tham chiu n mt , mt dy hoc mt tn dy cho cc gi tr gii hn, th khi nhng gi tr (hoc kt qu ca cng thc) ca cc tham chiu thay i, gi tr gii hn cng s thay i theo, v do , chng khng c nh. Khi s dng tham chiu l a ch hay dy , bn phi nhp vo dng tham chiu tuyt i. Tuy nhin, bn ch c th s dng tham chiu ti mt a ch , dy cho cc gi tr gii hn khi nhng hoc dy ny nm trong cng worksheet vi bng tnh m bn s p dng quy tc. Nu mun s dng tham chiu n nhng hoc dy nm trong cc Sheet khc hoc trong nhng bng tnh khc cho cc gi tr gii hn, th bn phi t tn cho nhng hoc dy , v s dng nhng tn dy ny lm tham chiu cho cc gi tr gii hn.
Whole Number Loi quy tc nhp liu u tin l Whole Number, ch cho php nhp liu vi nhng s nguyn. Nu bn nhp s thp phn, chui,... s b bo li. Chc nng ny hu ch khi bn cn nhp liu nhng gi tr l tui, s lng mt hng, s sn phm,...
131
Khi bn chn Whole number, hp thoi Data Validation s xut hin mc Data, cho php khng ch phm vi gi tr nhp vo .
Hnh 93
Trong mc Data c nhng ty chn sau y: Between / Not Between Cho php nhp liu nhng gi tr trong (hoc ngoi) mt vng xc nh no . V d ngy trong thng (t 1 n 31), thng trong nm (1 n 12)... Bn s dng 2 bn di nhp cc gi tr gii hn: - Maximum: Gii hn ln nht - Minimum: Gii hn nh nht Equal to / Not equal to Cho php (hoc khng cho php) nhp liu nhng gi tr bng gi tr xc nh Value. Gi tr xc nh ny cng c th c nh hoc khng c nh, ty vo cch nhp ca bn, ging nh ti trnh by mc Between/Not Between trn y. Greater than / Greater than or equal to Cho php nhp liu nhng gi tr ln hn (hoc bng) gi tr xc
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nh Minimum. Gi tr xc nh ny cng c th c nh hoc khng c nh, ty vo cch nhp ca bn, ging nh ti trnh by mc Between/Not Between trn y. Less than / Less than or equal to Cho php nhp liu nhng gi tr nh hn (hoc bng) gi tr xc nh Maximum. Gi tr xc nh ny cng c th c nh hoc khng c nh, ty vo cch nhp ca bn, ging nh ti trnh by mc Between/Not Between trn y. Decimal Loi quy tc nhp liu th hai l Decimal, ch cho php nhp liu vi nhng gi tr s. Nu bn nhp liu vi chui hoc mt loi d liu no khng phi l s, s b bo li. S dng chc nng ny s gip bn trnh c nhng sai st do nhng quy nh v nh dng s (quy nh v du phn cch hng nghn v du phn cch thp phn). Nhng ty chn trong mc Data ca quy tc ny tng t nh trong quy tc Whole Numer. List Quy tc nhp liu List ch cho php nhp liu t mt danh sch c sn. Danh sch ny c th c nhp trc tip, hoc tham chiu n mt dy , mt tn dy sn c. Bn nn s dng chc nng khi d liu nhp vo c ly t mt c s d liu sn c hn ch ti a vic sai st v tit kim c thi gian. V d nh khi bn nhp cc m s hng ha, cc s ti khon, h v tn... Nhng danh sch ny thng di v kh nh, li d nhp sai chnh t.
133
Hnh 94
Khi bn p dng quy tc ny cho dy , v c kch hot ty chn In-cell dropdown, th khi bn nhn mt trong dy ny, mt dropdown s hin ra , cha danh sch m bn quy nh trong quy tc. Bn ch cn chn mt phn t trong danh sch ny nhp vo . Tuy nhin, khng ging vi khi nhp cng thc vo , Excel khng p dng AutoComplet cho cc dropdown ny. C ngha l n khng t ng chn ra mt phn t trong danh sch sau khi bn nhp mt hoc vi k t u tin. iu ny s hi kh khn mt cht cho vic tm kim mt phn t, nu bn s dng mt danh sch di. Cng nh nhng gi tr gii hn cho quy tc, bn c th c nh hoc khng c nh danh sch cc gi tr nhp liu:
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134
S dng danh sch c nh: Khi mun c nh danh sch nhp liu, bn nn g trc tip danh sch ny vo Source. Mi phn t cch nhau bi du phy . Trong trng hp danh sch l nhng t c du ting Vit, bn phi s dng b g Unicode Excel hin th ng ting Vit. S dng danh sch t mt dy, mt tn dy: Bn c th s dng mt danh sch c sn trong mt dy bng cch kch hot Source, sau dng chut qut chn dy cha danh sch; hoc cng c th nhp trc tip tham chiu ca dy hoc tn dy vo Source. Khi , danh sch nhp liu ny s khng c nh, n s ty thuc vo s thay i ca danh sch ngun. Excel s gi nguyn th t sn c trong danh sch ngun. Do , khi s dng nhng danh sch di, bn nn sp xp trc (theo th t ABC chng hn). iu ny s gip bn tit kim c kh nhiu thi gian khi tm mt phn t trong danh sch nhp vo . Date Loi quy tc tip theo l Date , ch cho php nhp liu vi nhng gi tr ngy thng. Bn s dng quy tc ny khi cc dy ch cha nhng gi tr ngy thng (ngy vo lm, ngy ngh vic, ngy thng nm sinh...). Cng nh quy tc Whole Number, bn c th gii hn ch cho php nhp liu trong mt khong ngy thng nm no m thi, nhng thay v l Minimum v Maximum, th y l Start date v End Date.
135
Hnh 96
Time Tng t Date, quy tc Time ch cho php nhp liu vi nhng gi tr thi gian. Bn s dng quy tc ny khi cc dy ch cha nhng gi tr thi gian (gi vo lm, gi ra v,...).
Hnh 97
Cng nh quy tc Whole Number, bn c th gii hn ch cho php nhp liu trong mt khong thi gian no m thi, nhng thay v l Minimum v Maximum, th y l
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Start time v End Time. Bn nn lu , Start Time khng th nh hn 0:00 v End Time khng th ln hn 24:00.
Text length Quy tc Text Length gii hn chui d liu nhp vo vi mt con s cc k t c xc nh (k c khong trng). Bn nn s dng quy tc ny cho cc dy cha nhng gi tr i hi c mt s lng k t nht nh no (s chng minh nhn dn, s in thoi, s ti khon...). Cng nh quy tc Whole Number, bn c th gii hn chiu di ti a (Maximum) hoc ti thiu (Minimum) ca chui d liu s c nhp vo.
Hnh 98 Quy nh chui nhp vo phi c 9 k t (dng nhp s CMND)
Custom Trong trng hp bn cn thit lp mt quy tc m khng c mt ty chn no trong danh sch c sn ca Data Validation p ng c, bn s dng mc Custom ny . Khi , gii hn ca bn s c quy nh bi mt cng thc.
137
Hnh 99
V d, gi s bn s quy nh tng gi tr nhp vo trong dy B1:B10 khng c vt qu 10 triu, bn c th dng cng thc sau y trong Formula: =SUM($B$1:$B$10)<=10000000 Khi tng gi tr nhp vo trong dy ny vt qu 10 triu, Excel s xut hin mt thng bo li.
Input Message Mt khi thit lp cc quy tc nhp liu, bn nn bao gm vo hng dn cho vic nhp liu (xut hin mi khi chn mt c thit lp quy tc nhp liu). Vic ny rt cn thit, bi v khi thit lp qu nhiu cc quy tc, c th ngay chnh bn cng khng nh c dy ny phi nhp liu nh th no mi ng. a ra hng dn cho nhng dy c thit lp cc quy tc nhp liu, bn s dng Tab Input Message trong
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hp thoi Data Validation. Bn c th s dng ting Vit cho nhng thng bo vi b g Unicode. V d, sau khi thit lp quy tc Text Length cho ct s dng nhp s Chng minh nhn dn (l mt chui gm 9 con s), bn chn Tab Input Message, v nhp vo ni dung nh sau:
Hnh 100
Bn c th xung dng trong ni dung hng dn bng phm Enter, nh khi bn nhp vn bn trong Word. V khi , mi khi nhn chn mt trong ct s dng cha cc s Chng minh nhn dn, s xut hin mt thng bo nh minh ha hnh 101. Nu khng mun xut hin thng bo ny, bn b kch hot ty chn Show input
message selected. when cell is
Hnh 101 www.giaiphapexcel.com
139
Error Alert Bnh thng, Excel s t ng xut hin mt thng bo li mi khi c d liu nhp vo khng theo quy tc c quy nh. Bn c th thay i cch hin th thng bo ny, lm cho n thn thin hn bng ting Vit chng hn, bng cch s dng Tab Error Alert trong hp thoi Data Validation.
Hnh 102
Cch nhp thng bo li cng ging nh bn nhp cc hng dn. Bn c th xung dng bng phm Enter, cng nh c th s dng ting Vit bng b g Unicode. Mc Style l danh sch nhng kiu cnh bo: Stop, Warning v Information. Stop: S dng khi bn mun d liu nhp vo bt bc phi ng quy tc quy nh. Nu d liu nhp vo khng ng quy tc, s xut hin thng bo li (hnh 103), v bn ch c th nhn Retry nhp li cho ng. Nu nhn Cancel, Excel s xa ni dung nhp sai trong .
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Hnh 103
Warning: S dng khi bn c th chp nhn mt s ngoi l no cho quy tc thit lp. Nu d liu nhp vo khng ng quy tc, s xut hin thng bo li nh sau:
Hnh 104
Nu nhn Yes, Excel s xem d liu nhp vo l mt ngoi l ca quy tc v chp nhn n. Nu chn No, Excel s bi en ni dung va nhp bn sa li cho ng. Nu nhn Cancel, Excel s xa ni dung nhp sai trong . Information: y ch l mt thoi thng bo mang tnh nhc nh, thng t c dng. V nu d liu nhp vo khng ng quy tc, s xut hin thng bo li nh sau:
Hnh 105
Nu nhn Yes, Excel s xem d liu nhp vo l mt ngoi l ca quy tc v chp nhn n. Nu nhn
141
Cancel, Excel s xa ni dung nhp sai trong m
khng bt buc bn phi sa li. Trong trng hp ny, nhng quy tc m bn thit lp xem nh bng khng, bi v, bn c th nhp ng, nhp sai hoc khng nhp g ht vo nhng ny. Excel s b qua ht.
Data Validation l mt cng c rt hay v linh hot trong
vic x l d liu nhp vo trong bng tnh. Kh nng kim sot d liu km theo nhng thng bo h tr gip ngi s dng a ra bin php x l thch hp. Vi kh nng ny, Excel tr nn gn gi hn vi nhng c s d liu. ***
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5
Thit lp nhng cng thc
Mt bng tnh ch l mt tp hp nhng con s v nhng chui vn bn v tri v gic cho n khi bn nh ngha mt loi quan h no gia chng. Bn thc hin iu ny bng cch to cc cng thc, thc hin nhng php tnh v cho ra kt qu. Chng ny s trnh by cho bn mt s im c bn v cng thc, bao gm cc thit lp cc cng thc cho s v chui vn bn n gin, tm hiu th t u tin ca cc ton t, sao chp v di chuyn cc cng thc trong bng tnh, v cch tn dng ti a tn dy lm cho vic to cng thc d dng v d c hn..
Chng 5 Thit lp nhng cng thc
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Tt c cc cng thc trong Excel u c chung mt cu trc: Mt du bng (=), theo sau l mt hay nhiu ton hng (l nhng gi tr, nhng tham chiu , dy, tn dy, hoc tn hm) c tch bit bng mt hay nhiu ton t (l nhng k hiu kt hp cc ton hng theo mt cch no , chng hn nh du cng, k hiu ln hn). Bn c th dng nhng khong trng gia cc ton hng v cc ton t trong cng thc. y l mt iu nn lm bi v nhng khong cch gia cc thnh phn trong cng thc s gip cng thc d c hn. Excel chp nhn vic ngt dng trong cng thc, nu nh bn c mt cng thc di, bn nn chia cng thc ra thnh nhiu dng. ngt dng trong cng thc, bn dng t hp phm Alt+Enter.
Mc d bn c th s khng gp phi, nhng bn nn bit nhng gii hn m Excel thit lp da trn nhng kha cnh khc nhau ca cc cng thc v m hnh mt bng tnh. Nu tng s dng Excel 2003, bn s thy nhng gii hn ny c m rng ng k trong Excel 2007:
S lng cc ct trong mt bng tnh S lng cc hng trong mt bng tnh S k t ti a trong mt cng thc
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1.204
16.777.216
65.536
8.192
1.204
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S lng ti a cc hm c th lng nhau trong mt cng thc S lng ti a cc tham chiu mng
64
Khng gii hn
65.335
Nhp cng thc Nhp mt cng thc vo trong bng tnh rt n gin: - Chn m bn mun nhp cng thc vo. - G mt du bng (=) Excel bit rng bn s nhp mt cng thc. - Nhp cc ton hng (operand) v ton t (operator) ca cng thc. - Nhn Enter xc nhn cng thc. Excel c ba ch nhp liu khc nhau, ty vo nhng thao tc g bn phm v dng chut ca bn: Khi bn g du bng bt u mt cng thc, Excel s vo Enter mode, l ch m bn s dng nhp cc chui vn bn, cc ton hng, ton t... Nu bn nhn mt phm trong nhm phm nh hng trn bn phm (PageUp, PageDown, hay cc phm mi tn), hoc l bn nhp chut vo bt k mt khc trong bng tnh, Excel s vo Point mode, l ch m bn s dng mt hoc mt dy nh l mt ton hng trong cng thc. Khi bn ang trong Point
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mode, bn c th s dng bt k k thut chn dy chun no. Lu rng, Excel s quay v Enter mode
ngay khi bn nhp mt ton t hay bt k k t no khc. Nu bn nhn phm F2, Excel s vo Edit mode, l ch m bn dng thc hin nhng thay i trong cng thc. V d, khi bn ang trong Edit mode, bn c th s dng phm mi tn qua tri hoc qua phi di chuyn con tr chut n mt ch no trong cng thc xa hoc chn vo nhng k t. Bn cng c th vo Edit mode bng cch nhp chut vo bt k ni no trong cng thc. quay v Enter mode, bn nhn phm F2 mt ln na. Bn c th bit mnh ang trong ch no ca Excel bng cch nhn vo Status bar. pha bn tri ca thanh ny, bn s thy mt trong ba ch: Enter, Point, hoc Edit. Sa cng thc Sau khi bn nhp mt cng thc, bn c th thy rng phi quay li sa i ci g . Excel cho bn ba cch vo Edit mode v thc hin cc thay i trong cng thc hin hnh: - Nhn phm F2. - Double-click vo cha cng thc cn sa. - Nhn chut vo bt k ni no trong cng thc trn thanh cng thc (Formula bar).
Excel chia cng thc ra thnh bn loi: s hc (Arithmetic), so snh (Comparison), chui vn bn (Text), v tham chiu
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(Reference). Mi loi c tp hp ton t ring ca n, v cch s dng mi loi cng thc cng khc nhau.
Cc cng thc s hc l nhng cng thc ph thng nht. Chng kt hp cc s, cc a ch , v cc kt qu hm bng nhng ton t s hc thc hin cc php tnh. Nhng ton t c s dng trong cc cng thc s hc:
+ * / % ^
Php tnh cng Php tnh tr Php ph nh (du tr i s) Php nhn Php chia Php tnh phn trm Php tnh ly tha
= 10+ 5 = 10 5 = 10 = 10*5 = 10/5 = 10% = 10^5
15 5 10 50 2 0.10 100,000
Cng thc so snh l mt mnh so snh gia hai hoc nhiu s, chui vn bn, ni dung trong hoc kt qu hm. Nu mnh l ng, kt qu tr v ca cng thc l gi tr logic TRUE (tng ng vi mt gi tr bt k khc 0). Nu mnh l sai, kt qu tr v ca cng thc l gi tr logic FALSE (tng ng vi 0).
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Nhng ton t m bn c th s dng trong cc cng thc so snh:
= > < >= <= <>
Bng Ln hn Nh hn Ln hn hoc bng Nh hn hoc bng Khng bng (khc)
= 10 = 5 = 10 > 5 = 10 < 5 = 10 >= 5 = 10 <= 5 = 10 <> 5
FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
Cng thc x l chui vn bn l loi cng thc s tr v kt qu l mt chui vn bn (text). Loi cng thc ny s dng ton t v (du &), chui vn bn c t trong cc cp du nhy kp (" "), v cc kt qu ca cc hm x l chui vn bn. Chng ta thng s dng loi cng thc ny khi cn ghp cc chui vn bn li vi nhau. V d, cng thc ny: = "soft" & "ware" S tr v kt qu l: software. Bn cng c th s dng du & ghp nhiu cha gi tr text li vi nhau. V d, A1 cha ch Word, v A2 cha ch Excel, cng thc ny: = A1 & " and " & A2 S tr v kt qu l: Word and Excel.
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Cng thc tham chiu l loi cng thc s dng cc ton t tham chiu (reference operators) kt hp hai tham chiu hoc dy to ra mt tham chiu ni n. Nhng ton t m bn c th s dng trong loi cng thc tham chiu:
:
(du hai chm)
Dy
To mt dy t hai tham chiu (A2:C5) To mt dy t vng giao nhau ca hai dy (A1:C5 B2:E8) To mt dy t hai dy n (A1:C5, B2:E8)
(khong trng)
Giao
,
(dy phy)
Hp
Trong thc t, hu ht cc cng thc m bn s dng s c mt s gi tr ton t. Bn nn bit qua v th t u tin ca cc ton t, ngha l bit th t u tin m Excel s tnh ton gi tr mt cng thc. V d cng thc ny: = 3+5^2. Nu bn tnh ton t tri sang phi, kt qu m bn c c s l 64 (3+5 bng 8, v 8^2 bng 64). Tuy nhin, nu bn thc hin php ly tha trc ri mi n php cng, th kt qu l 28 (5^2 bng 25, v 3+25 bng 28). V d ny cho thy, mt cng thc n gin c th cho ra nhiu kt qu, ph thuc vo th t m bn thc hin cc php tnh.
149
Bng sau y trnh by y cc th t u tin c s dng trong Excel:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Dy (du hai chm) Giao (khong trng) Hp (du phy) Ph nh (du m) Phn trm (du %) Ly tha (du ^) Nhn v chia (du * v du /) Cng v tr (du + v du -) Ni chui (du &) So snh (cc du = < > <= >= <>)
T bng trn, bn s thy Excel u tin cho php ly tha trc php cng. Do , kt qu ng cho cng thc = 3+5^2 ni trn y, l 28. Trong trng hp bn mun t quyt nh th t u tin, ngha l mun mt php tnh no s c tnh trc, th bn cc cp du ngoc n iu khin cc th t m Excel s dng tnh cc cng thc. Cc ton t trong cp du ngoc n s lun lun c tnh trc, cn cc ton t bn ngoi cp du ngoc n th s tnh theo th t u tin c nh sn.
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Mt cng dng ca vic dng du ngoc n l ly cn ca mt s. Trong phn cc cng thc s hc, bn thy rng Excel khng h c php tnh ly cn. Mun ly cn bc n ca mt s, bn phi s dng cng thc chung nh sau: = number ^ (1 / n) V d, ly cn bc 3 ca gi tr trong A1, bn dng cng thc: = A1 ^ (1 / 3) Bn cng c th t cc du ngoc n bn trong mt du ngoc n khc iu khin th t u tin ca cc ton t. y gi l xp lng cc du ngoc n. Excel lun lun tnh ton gi tr nm trong du ngoc n trong cng trc tin (tnh t trong ra ngoi). Mt vi v d:
3 ^ (15 / 5) * 2 - 5 = 3 ^ 3 * 2 - 5 = 27 * 2 - 5 = 54 -5 = 49 3 ^ ((15 / 5) * 2 - 5) = 3 ^ (3 * 2 - 5) = 3 ^ (6 - 5) = 3 ^ 1 = 3 3 ^ (15 / (5 * 2 - 5)) = 3 ^ (15 / (10 - 5)) = 3 ^ (15 / 5) = 3 ^ 3 = 27
Cui cng, bn nn nh rng cc cng thc cng duy tr th t u tin bn trong cc du ngoc n. V d, trong biu thc (5*2-5), ton hng 5*2 s c tnh trc khi tr i 5.
V l thuyt, bn c th sao chp v di chuyn nhng dy c cha cng thc ging nh bn sao chp v di chuyn nhng dy bnh thng, nhng kt qu nhn c th khng phi lc no cng nh . Hnh 106 l bng tnh ti dng lm v d nhng phn trn:
151
Hnh 106
Bng tnh ny trnh by danh sch nhng s liu v chi ph ca mt cng ty. Cng thc trong C11 dng hm SUM tnh tng chi ph ca Thng 1: = SUM(C6:C10) tng ca bng tnh ny l c tnh chi ph cho tng thng ca nm 2008 theo mt t l phn trm no so vi tng chi ph hng thng ca nm 2007. C3 hin th bin t l phn trm tng c c tnh (9%). Cng thc tnh CHI PH 2008 ( C13, cho Thng 1) l nhn CHI PH 2007 vi t l c tnh C3 (= C11*C3). By gi, ti s tnh CHI PH 2007 v CHI PH 2008 cho Thng 2. Thay v nhp cng thc nh lm cho Thng 1, ti sao chp cng thc ang c C11 sang D11, chc chn nhanh hn nhiu. V bn s thy Excel t ng iu chnh tham thiu trong hm SUM ca cng thc, ch khng phi b nguyn xi cng thc trong C11 t sang D11: = SUM(D6:D10)
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Ti sao Excel bit lm nh vy? tr li cu hi ny, bn cn bit v nh dng tham chiu tng i v tuyt i trong Excel.
Khi bn s dng tham chiu trong mt cng thc, Excel xem a ch tng ng vi v tr ca cng thc. V d, gi s bn c cng thc =A1*2 trong A3. i vi Excel, cng thc ny c ngha l Nhn ni dung ca nm trn ny hai hng vi 2. y c gi l nh dng tham chiu tng i (relative reference) v n l nh dng mc nh trong Excel. Ngha l nu bn sao chp cng thc ny sang A4, tham chiu tng i vn l "Nhn ni dung ca nm trn ny hai hng vi 2", do vy cng thc thay i thnh =A2*2 bi v A2 nm trn A4 hai hng. iu ny gii thch cho chuyn Excel t ng i tham chiu khi bn sao chp cng thc trong C11 sang D11 v d trn. V c c tng chi ph cho Thng 3 cho bng tnh v d trn, ti ch vic copy tip cng thc t D11 vo E11. Bn s thy cch x l cc thao tc sao chp ny tit kim c mt lng thi gian ng k. Tuy nhin, cn cn thn khi sao chp hoc di chuyn cc cng thc. Hy xem iu g xy ra nu ti sao chp cng thc trong C13 sang D13? CHI PH 2008 ca Thng 2 v Thng 3 s c kt qu l 0! Ti sao vy? V cng thc trong C13 l: = C11*C3 Do cng thc mi D13 s l:
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= D11*D3 D11 l CHI PH 2007 ca Thng 2, iu ng. Nhng thay v tham chiu n C3, cng thc li tham chiu n D3, l mt trng. Excel xem cc trng c gi tr l 0, nn kt qu ca cng thc l 0. Vn y chnh l nh dng tham chiu tng i. Khi cng thc c sao chp, Excel gi nh rng cng thc mi s tham chiu n D3. gii quyt vn ny, bn cn bit thm mt nh dng tham chiu na: nh dng tham chiu tuyt i.
Khi bn tham chiu n mt trong mt cng thc bng cch s dng nh dng tham chiu tuyt i (absolute reference), Excel s s dng a ch vt l ca . to ra tham chiu tuyt i, bn nhp du -la ($) trc hng v ct ca a ch . V d, Excel s hiu cng thc = $A$1*2 l Nhn ni dung ca A1 vi 2. Bt k bn sao chp hoc di chuyn cng thc ny n u, tham chiu khng thay i. C th hiu nm na rng, lc ny, A1 c neo c nh. x l ci kt qu bng 0 khi sao chp cng thc trong C13 sang D13 m ti va ni trn, ti ch cn sa cng thc tnh CHI PH 2008 ca thng 1 C13 thnh: = C11*$C$3 Khi , cng thc C13 khi sao chp sang ct CHI PH 2008 ca Thng Hai (D13) s cho cng thc mi l: = D11*$C$3
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Khng phi lc no bn cng phi dng n hai du $ trong nh dng tham chiu tuyt i. Bn c th ch nhp trc hng hoc trc ct ca a ch . nh dng ny c gi l nh dng tham chiu hn hp. Nu bn ch mun neo c nh hng ca mt , bn t du $ trc a ch hng (v d: B$6), hoc nu bn ch mun neo c nh ct ca n, bn t du $ trc a ch ct (v d: $B6). Bn cng c th nh dng nhanh mt tham chiu ca mt a ch bng phm F4. Khi bn nhp (hoc sa) cng thc, bn t con tr chut bn tri a ch (hoc gia gi tr ch hng v ch ct), v nhn phm F4 lin tc, Excel s duyt qua cc loi nh dng khc nhau. Khi no c c loi nh dng m bn mun, th bn dng li.
i khi, bn s cn sao chp mt cng thc nhng khng mun cc tham chiu tng i ca cng thc b thay i, ngha l mun chp hoc di chuyn nguyn xi cng thc sang ch khc, bn theo cc bc sau y; 1. Chn cha cng thc m bn mun sao chp hoc di chuyn. 2. Nhp chut vo bn trong thanh cng thc (Formula bar) kch hot n. 3. Dng chut hoc bn phm chn (bi en) ton b cng thc. 4. Sao chp (Ctrl+C) hoc ct (Ctrl+X) cng thc ang c chn.
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5. Nhn phm Esc ngng kch hot thanh cng thc. 6. Chn m bn mun sao chp hoc di chuyn cng thc n. 7. Dn (Ctrl+V) cng thc vo. Trong trng hp bn mun sao chp cng thc trong pha trn xung di, m khng mun cc tham chiu tng i b iu chnh, th c mt cch rt nhanh: Bn chn ng di, ri nhn Ctrl+ (du nhy n). y l mt phm tt m ti chc rng rt t ngi bit.
Nu bn c mt cng thc m gi tr ca n s khng bao gi thay i, bn nn chuyn i cng thc thnh gi tr . iu ny s gia tng ng k tc tnh ton ca bng tnh v n gii phng b nh cho bng tnh ca bn, bi v nhng gi tr th s dng b nh t hn l nhng cng thc. V d, trong bng tnh ca bn c mt s cng thc m kt qu ca n l s liu ca nm ti chnh va ri. Bi v nhng con s ny khng nn b thay i ( an ton cho d liu), bn nn chuyn i nhng cng thc thnh gi tr ca chnh n. chuyn i nhng cng thc thnh gi tr, bn theo nhng bc sau y: 1. Chn nhng c cha cng thc m bn mun chuyn i. 2. Double-click hoc nhn phm F2 kch hot ch Edit cho nhng .
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3. Nhn F9. Cc cng thc s chuyn i thnh gi tr ca chnh n. 4. Nhn Enter hoc nhn chut vo nt Enter trn Formula bar tr li bng tnh. Trong trng hp bn ch cn sao chp kt qu ca mt cng thc ra khc, ch khng phi l sao chp cng thc , bn c th dng chc nng Paste Special vi ty chn (*) Paste Value . Mt cch khc (c sn trong Excel 2003 tr v sau) sao chp kt qu ca mt cng thc ch khng phi sao chp cng thc, l ngay sau khi bn dn cng thc sao chp vo ch, Hnh 107 Cc ty chn khi dng lnh Paste th nhn vo nt Paste Option nm cnh , v chn Values Only...
chng 3, ti hng dn bn cch nh ngha v s dng cc tn dy trong bng tnh. Phn ny s hng dn bn mt s k thut nhm gip bn s dng cc tn dy trong cc cng thc d dng hn.
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Xem Paste Special chng 2, trang 61.

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Chn tn dy vo cng thc Cch d nht chn tn dy vo trong cng thc l g tn n vo. Nhng lm g y nu nh bn khng th nh ci tn ny? Hoc nu tn qu di? i vi nhng tnh hung ny, Excel c mt s tnh nng nhm gip bn chn tn m bn mun s dng t mt danh sch v dn n ngay vo cng thc. Bn hy bt u cng thc, v khi n v tr m bn mun xut hin mt ci tn, bn c th dng mt trong nhng cch sau y: Vi mi phin bn ca Excel, bn nhn F3 m hp thoi Paste Name, chn tn dy bn mun chn vo cng thc, ri nhn OK. Chn Formulas Defined Names Use in Formula v ri nhp chn tn trong danh sch.
Hnh 108 S dng lnh Use in Formula chn tn dy vo cng thc
Nu bn c th nh c mt vi k t u tin ca tn dy, bn hy nhp k t vo, ngay lp tc Excel 2007 s m ra mt danh sch cc tn dy v tn hm bt u vi nhng k t , bn chn tn dy cn chn vo ri nhn phm Tab. p dng cc tn dy vo cng thc Nu bn s dng a ch tham chiu ca dy trong cng thc, sau mi t tn cho cc dy ny, Excel s khng t ng p dng cc tn mi vo trong cng thc. Tuy
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nhin, nu bn mun thay th a ch tham chiu bng cc tn dy, bn theo cc bc sau y: 1. Chn dy c cha cng thc m bn mun p dng cc tn dy thay th cho a ch tham chiu , hoc chn mt trng bt k nu bn mun p dng cc tn dy trong ton b bng tnh. 2. Chn Formulas Defined Names Use in Formula Apply Names... , Excel hin th hp thoi Apply Names .
Hnh 109 Gi lnh Apply Names t Ribbon
3. Chn tn hoc nhng tn m bn mun p dng t danh sch Apply Names. 4. Nhn vo ty chn
Ignore Relative/Absolute
b qua cc tham chiu tng i v tuyt i khi p dng cc tn. 5. Ty chn Use Row and Column Names cho Excel bit c nn s dng cc tn hng v Hnh 110 Hp thoi Apply Names tn ct ca bng tnh khi p dng cc tn hay khng. Nu bn chn ty chn ny, bn cng c th nhn nt Options xem thm cc la chn. 6. Nhn OK p dng cc tn thay cho cc a ch .
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S dng cc Tn Hng v cc Tn Ct khi p dng cc tn dy Khi bn chn ty chn Use row and column names trong hp thoi Apply Names, tc l bn yu cu Excel t ng t tn cho tt c cc tham chiu l giao nhau ca mt hng c t tn v mt ct c t tn. Xin ly li bng tnh m ti dng lm v d mc S dng tiu ca hng hay ct t tn cho dy (*). Trong bng tnh , dy C6:C13 c t tn l Thng_1, v dy C7:E7 c t tn l Thu. iu ny c ngha l C7 (phn giao nhau ca hai dy ny) c th c tham chiu vi tn Thu Thng_1 (**).
Hnh 111
Cng thc ca F7 ang l: = C7+D7+E7
Nu bn p dng tn dy cho bng tnh ny, v c chn ty chn Use row and column names, c th bn s ngh rng Excel sa cng thc ti F7 l:
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Xem trang 85. Xem: S dng vng giao nhau ca hai dy, trang 96.
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= Thu Thng_1 + Thu Thng_2 + Thu Thng_3 Tuy nhin, khng phi vy, m Excel s cho bn mt cng thc hi khc mt t: = Thng_1 + Thng_2 + Thng_3 Ti sao Excel li b mt ch Thu? V khi Excel p dng tn dy, mc nh n s b qua tn hng nu cng thc nm trn cng mt hng (hoc s b qua tn ct nu cng thc nm trn cng mt ct). y, Excel b qua tn Thu trong mi cng thc bi v F7 ang nm trn hng c tn l Thu. Tht s th vic b qua cc tiu hng (hoc tiu ct) khng phi l mt vn trong mt bng tnh nh, nhng n c th gy rc ri trong mt bng tnh ln, v bn c th khng thy c tn ca cc hng (hoc tn ca cc ct), bn khng bit cng thc cng ci g ca cc thng. quyt nh c b qua hay khng b qua cc tn ct v tn hng khi p dng tn dy vo cng thc, bn hy nhn nt Options trong hp thoi Apply Names. Hp thoi ny s m rng ra vi cc ty chn: Omit Column Name If Same Column: B ty chn ny nu bn mun a vo cc tn ct khi p dng tn.
Hnh 112 Hp thoi Apply Names khi nhn nt Options
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Omit Row Name If Same Row: B ty chn ny nu bn mun a vo cc tn hng khi p dng tn. Name Order: Ty chn ny cho php bn chn th t ca cc tn trong tham chiu (tn Hng trc, tn Ct sau / hay tn Ct trc, tn Hng sau).
Chng 3, bn hc cch t tn cho cc hng s thng c s dng . Bn c th p dng cch tng t nh vy cho nhng cng thc thng c s dng. Cng nh cc hng s, cng thc c t tn s khng xut hin trong mt no, m n s c lu trong b nh v lm cho bng tnh ca bn d c hn. t tn cho mt cng thc, bn theo cc bc sau y: 1. M hp thoi New Name. 2. G tn m bn mun t cho cng thc trong khung Name. 3. Trong khung Refers To, nhp chnh xc cng thc ging nh bn nhp trong bng tnh ri nhn OK. By gi bn c th nhp tn ca cng thc trong cc ca bng tnh (thay v nhp cng thc ). V d, cng thc sau y tnh th tch ca mt hnh cu (vi r l bn knh hnh cu): 4 Vy, gi s rng bn c mt tn l Radius cha con s ch bn knh ca hnh cu (r) nm u trong bng tnh, bn c th to mt cng thc c tn l TheTichHinhCau, v nhp cng thc sau y trong khung Refers To ca hp thoi New Name (vi PI l hm tr v gi tr con s Pi):
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Xem trang 87.

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= (4 * PI() * Radius ^ 3) / 3 V bn c th s dng tn ny thay cho cng thc tnh th tch ca hnh cu c bn knh cho Radius: = TheTichHinhCau
Trong qu trnh lm vic vi bng tnh, cho d bn c c gng n u, th thnh thong vn c nhng ci li k l xut hin trong cng thc ca bn. Nhng li ny c th l v ton hc (chia mt s cho 0 chng hn), hoc Excel dng nh khng hiu c cc cng thc; trong trng hp th hai, cc li c th s xut hin trong khi bn g cng thc. V d, nu bn c nhp mt cng thc c cc du ngoc n khng cn bng (thiu hoc tha du m ngoc, ng ngoc), Excel s khng chp nhn cng thc, v n hin th mt thng bo li. V cn nhng li mang tnh ngm ngm na. V d, cng thc ca bn c v nh vn lm vic, ngha l n tr v mt kt qu, nhng kt qu ny sai, bi v d liu b sai st hoc bi v cng thc tham chiu n hay dy khng ng. Cho d li l g v nguyn nhn l g, th chng cng phi c gii quyt. ng bao gi ngh rng cc bng tnh ca bn khng c li. Mt bng tnh cng phc tp th kh nng cc li c th xy ra cng nhiu. Vic sa cc li cng thc khng phi l mt cng vic kh nhc. Vi mt cht hiu bit v nhng cng c x l s c ca Excel, vic tm ra v x l cc chng bnh ca cng thc s tr nn n gin. V sau y l nhng iu m bn cn bit.
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Khi bn nhp hay sa i mt cng thc, hoc thay i mt gi tr nhp liu no trong cng thc, Excel c th s hin ra mt gi tr li nh l kt qu ca cng thc. Excel c 7 gi tr li khc nhau: #DIV/0!, #N/A, #NAME?, #NULL!, #NUM!, #REF!, v #VALUE!. #DIV/0! Li #DIV/0! hu nh lun c ngha rng cng thc trong ang c chia mt gi tr cho 0 (zero), mt iu khng th c trong ton hc. iu ny thng l do cc tham chiu dn n mt rng hoc mt cha gi tr bng 0. Bn kim tra cc tham chiu trc tip hay gin tip trong cng thc tm ra nguyn nhn c th c. Bn cng s thy #DIV/0! nu bn nhp mt i s khng thch hp trong mt s hm. V d, hm MOD tr v #DIV/0! nu i s th hai l 0. Vic Excel xem cc gi tr rng l 0 c th dn n nhng vn trong mt bng tnh c yu cu ngi dng in d liu vo. Nu cng thc ca bn i hi mt php chia vi mt trong cc rng tm thi, n s hin th #DIV/0! di dng kt qu, v iu ny c th gy bi ri cho ngi dng. Bn c th gii quyt iu ny bng cch yu cu Excel khng thc hin php chia nu c s dng l s chia l 0. iu ny lm c vi hm IF. V d, bn xem cng thc sau y, s dng cc c t tn tnh vn tc (Vantoc, bng qung ng chia cho thi gian): = Quangduong / Thoigian ngn li #DIV/0! xut hin nu Thoigian rng (hoc bng 0), bn nn sa cng thc trn theo l lun ny: Nu gi tr ca Thoigian nh hn hoc bng 0, th tr v mt
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chui rng (c ngha l trng , l khng lm g ht), cn nu khng (l Thoigian cha mt gi tr ln hn 0) th thc hin php tnh. L lun ny c din t bng cng thc ny nh sau: = IF(Thoigian <= 0, "", Quangduong / Thoigian) #N/A Gi tr li #N/A l vit tt ca ch Not Available, c ngha l cng thc khng th tr v mt kt qu hp l. Bn thng thy #N/A khi bn s dng mt i s khng thch hp (hoc nu bn b qua mt i s bt buc) trong mt hm. V d, hm HLOOKUP v hm VLOOKUP s tr v #N/A nu nh gi tr d tm (lookup_value) nh hn gi tr u tin trong dy d tm (Table_array). gii quyt vn ny, u tin bn kim tra cc nhp liu ca cng thc xem c no hin th li #N/A khng. Nu c, th l l do ti sao cng thc ca bn cng c li ; vn thc s nm trong cc d liu. Khi bn tm thy ni xut pht li, bn kim tra li cc ton hng trong cng thc thay bng cc kiu d liu thch hp. c bit, bn nn kim tra cc i s s dng trong hm bo m rng chng c ngha v bn khng b thiu cc i s bt buc. #NAME? Bn thy li #NAME? khi Excel khng nhn bit mt ci tn m bn s dng trong cng thc, hoc khi Excel cho rng chui vn bn trong cng thc l mt ci tn cha xc nh. Li #NAME? thng xut hin trong nhng tnh hung sau: Bn nhp sai chnh t (nhp khng ng) mt tn dy.
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Bn dng mt tn dy m bn cha nh ngha. Bn nhp sai chnh t (nhp khng ng) mt tn hm. Bn s dng mt hm thuc mt Add-in cha c ci t (nht l Add-in Analysis ToolPak). Bn s dng mt chui m khng t chng trong mt cp du nhy kp ("). Bn nhp mt tham chiu dy m v tnh b st du hai chm (:). Bn nhp mt tham chiu n mt dy trn mt bng tnh khc m khng nhp tn ca bng tnh trong cp du nhy n ('). C mt cch rt n gin trnh cc li chnh t: Khi nhp cc tn hm v cc tn dy c nh ngha, bn hy nhp chng vi loi ch thng. Nu Excel nhn bit l mt hm hay l mt tn dy, n s t ng chuyn i cc tn hm thnh ch in hoa v tn dy thnh kiu ch gc m bn nhp khi nh ngha tn dy . Nu Excel khng t chuyn i, th chc chn rng bn nhp sai, hoc bn cha nh ngha ci tn ny, hoc bn s dng mt hm ca mt Add-in cha c ci t. V hu ht nguyn nhn xy ra #NAME? l cc li c php, do cch sa chng chnh l vic l kim tra k li cng thc, hiu chnh tn dy hoc tn hm b nhp sai, hoc chn thm cc du nhy kp, du hai chm b thiu... Bn cng phi bo m rng bn nh ngha cc tn dy m bn s dng, v ci t cc Add-in thch hp cho nhng hm m bn dng.
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#NULL!
Excel ch hin th li #NULL! trong mt trng hp rt ring bit: Khi bn dng ton t giao (mt khong trng) trn hai dy khng giao nhau (khng c cc chung). V d, dy A1:B2 v dy C3:D4 khng c no chung c, nn cng thc sau y s tr v li #NULL!: = SUM(A1:B2 C3:D4) Khi gp li ny, bn hy kim tra li cc ta dy bo m rng chng chnh xc. Ngoi ra, vic kim tra cn xem c phi nguyn nhn lm cho hai dy trong cng thc ca bn khng cn giao nhau c phi l mt trong hai dy b di chuyn i ch khc hay khng. #NUM! Li #NUM! xy ra khi c vn g vi mt con s trong cng thc ca bn. Thng l do bn nhp mt i s khng hp l trong mt hm ton hc hay mt mt hm lng gic. V d, bn nhp mt s m lm i s cho hm SQRT (tnh cn bc 2) hay hm LOG (tnh logarit). Bn hy kim tra li cc nhp liu ca cng thc, c bit l nhng s dng lm i s cho cc hm ton hc, bo m rng cc gi tr ny thch hp. Li #NUM! cn xut hin khi bn s dng s lp i lp li (hoc mt cng thc s dng s lp i lp li) m Excel khng th tnh c kt qu. V d, A1 bn c cng thc =B1, v B1 bn li c cng thc =A1. Khng c gii php no cho vn ny tr phi bn sa li cc tham s b lp.
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#REF! Li #REF! xy ra khi trong cng thc ca bn cha mt tham chiu khng hp l, iu ny thng gp phi do mt trong cc hnh ng sau y: Bn xa mt m cng thc tham chiu n. Bn cn phi tr li vo bng tnh hoc iu chnh tham chiu ca cng thc. Bn ct (cut) mt ri dn (paste) n vo mt c s dng cho cng thc. Bn cn phi quay li (undo) vic ct ny v nu cn th dn n vo mt ch khc. Tuy nhin, nu bn sao chp (copy) mt v dn n vo mt c s dng cho cng thc th li khng sao c. Cng thc ca bn tham chiu n mt a ch khng hin hu, nh l B0 (B zero). iu ny c th xy ra nu bn ct hoc sao chp mt cng thc ang s dng cc tham chiu tng i v dn n theo mt cch no to ra mt a ch khng hp l. V d, gi s cng thc ca bn ang tham chiu n B1, nu bn ct hay sao chp cha cng thc ny v dn n cao hn mt hng, tham chiu n B1 tr thnh khng hp l bi v Excel khng th di chuyn tham chiu ln mt hng. #VALUE! Khi Excel a ra mt li #VALUE!, th c ngha l bn s dng mt i s khng thch hp trong mt hm. iu ny thng xy ra do bn s dng nhm kiu d liu. V d, l ra phi nhp mt gi tr s, bn li nhp vo mt gi tr chui. Tng t, bn s dng mt tham chiu dy cho
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mt i s ca mt hm, trong khi i s i hi phi l mt n l hoc mt gi tr n l. Excel cng a ra li ny khi bn s dng mt gi tr vt qu kh nng x l ca Excel. gii quyt, bn kim tra k li cc i s ca cng thc v sa li cc i s khng ph hp.
Nu bn thiu mt du ngoc n khi nhp mt cng thc, hoc nu bn t mt du ngoc n sai v tr, Excel thng hin th mt hp thoi, i n ni rng n thy mt ci li trong cng thc ny, ng thi trch dn li cng thc v a ra cho ra hai phng n la chn. Nu thy cng thc (do Excel gi trong hp thoi) l ng nhng g bn mun, bn nhn Yes Excel t ng sa li cng thc cho bn; cn nu thy cng thc sai (tc l bn nhp sai), bn nhn No v t sa li cng thc.
Hnh 113 Thng bo li khi nhp cng thc thiu hoc d du ngoc n
gip bn trnh vic b qun hoc thiu cc du ngoc n, Excel cung cp hai gi trc quan c th thy c
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ngay trong chnh cng thc m bn ang sa hoc nhp vo: Th nht, nu bn nhn k, khi bn nhp mt du ng ngoc n bn phi ca cng thc, Excel s lm ni bt ln (ging nh l t m ln) du m ngoc n tng ng u bn tri. Do , nu bn nhp mt du dng ngoc n m bn ngh rng n l du cui cng ri, trong khi Excel khng lm ni bt ci du m ngoc n u tin bn tri, th nh vy c ngha l cc cp du ng m ngoc n ca bn cha cn bng (thiu, hoc tha). Th hai, khi bn dng nhng phm mi tn sang phi, sang tri di chuyn con nhy chy qua chy li trong cng thc, nu con nhy chy ngang qua mt du ngoc n, Excel s lm ni bt du ngoc n tng ng u bn kia v nh dng cho c hai du (ng v m) cng mt mu no . Bn c th dng cch ny kim tra li tng cp du ng m ngoc n.
Sau khi nhp mt cng thc, nu bn thy trong ch ton l nhng k hiu nh th ny: #######, bn ng lo lng, ch l li do nh dng ct qu hp m thi. Bn ch cn ni rng ct ra, hoc chn lnh Autofit Column Width, l mi chuyn li u vo y!
trn, ti c ni n mt cch dng hm IF trnh li #DIV/0!. Tuy nhin, nu bn c th d on c loi li c th xy ra hoc bn bit c nguyn nhn xy ra li, th
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bn mi dng nh vy c. C nhiu trng hp bn khng th bit trc c nguyn nhn chnh xc gy ra li l g. V d, cng thc n gin (Vantoc = Quangduong / Thoigian) c th to mt li #DIV/0! nu nh Thoigian bng 0; tuy nhin n cng c th to li #NAME? nu Quangduong hoc Thoigian khng tn ti, hay n c th to li #REF! nu cc lin kt vi Quangduong hoc Thoigian hoc c hai b xa, v.v... Tt nht l bn nn gi nh rng bt k li no cng c th xy ra. Nhng khng phi l bn to cc php th phc tp bng cch s dng hm IF lng bn trong cng thc kim tra mi loi li (#DIV/0!, #N/A, v.v...), v Excel cung cp sn cho bn mt php th n gin cho mi loi li. Trong cc phin bn trc ca Excel (t Excel 2003 tr v trc), bn bit s dng hm ISERROR(value), trong value l mt biu thc: nu value to ra bt k li no, ISERROR s tr v gi tr TRUE, cn nu value khng to ra li, ISERROR tr v gi tr FALSE; v bn a hm ny vo mt hm IF, vi c php: =IF(ISERROR(expression), ErrorResult, expression) i khi c ngha l: Nu expression to ra mt li, cng thc ny tr v gi tr ErrorResult (chng hn nh chui rng hoc mt thng bo li); cn nu khng, n tr v kt qu ca expression. V d, p dng c php ny cho cng thc tnh vn tc: =IF(ISERROR(Quangduong/Thoigian), "", Quangduong/Thoigian) Vn vi vic s dng IF v ISERROR ngn nga cc li l bn phi nhp expression hai ln: mt ln trong hm ISERROR v mt ln na trong dng kt qu FALSE ca hm IF. iu ny khng ch mt thi gian nhp m cn
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lm cho cc cng thc kh x l hn, bi nu bn mun thay i g vi expression, bn phi thay i c hai ch. Excel 2007 dng nh hiu c vn , nn n ghp hai hm IF v hm ISERROR thnh mt hm duy nht: hm IFERROR, mt hm mi ca Excel 2007, vi c php: = IFERROR(value, value_if_error) Nu biu thc value khng to ra mt li, IFERROR tr v kt qu ca biu thc value; cn nu khng, s tr v value_if_error (l chui rng hoc mt thng bo li). V d: = IFERROR(Quangduong/Thoigian), "") Cch ny tt hn cch dng IF v ISERROR nhiu, bi v n ngn hn, d c hn, v d x l cng thc hn... ***
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6
Cc hm trong Excel
Cun sch ny khng c tham vng trnh by tt c cc hm trong Excel, bi v nu m t chi tit v y tt c, th s lng trang ca sch ny s tng ln gp 3 ln! Mc khc, ti chc rng bn khng c nhu cu v cng chng bao gi s dng ht tt c cc hm c trong Excel, m ch thng xuyn lui ti vi mt s hm no m thi. Do , chng ny s trnh by mt cch h thng nhng g lin quan n cu trc ca mt hm v cc th thut tn dng ti a sc mnh ca cc hm khi lm vic vi cc bng tnh, ng thi s gii thiu mt s nhm hm thng dng nht.
Chng 6 Cc hm trong Excel
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Thnh phn chnh ca mt bng tnh l nhng cng thc kt hp vi cc ton t ca Excel v cc ton hng c bn. Nhng cho bng tnh ca bn lm vic d dng v mnh m hn, bn cn m rng ngun cng thc ca mnh, cho n bao gm thm cc hm bng tnh ca Excel. Excel c rt nhiu hm khc nhau, c chia thnh nhng nhm nh sau: Text (Hm x l chui vn bn) Logical (Hm lun l) Information (Hm thng tin) Lookup and reference (Hm d tm v tham chiu) Date and time (Hm ngy thng v thi gian) Math and trigonometry (Hm ton hc v lng gic) Statistical (Hm thng k) Financial (Hm ti chnh) Database and Table (Hm d liu v bng)
Mi hm trong Excel u c chung mt dng c bn: = FUNCTION(argument1, argument2, ...)

FUNCTION l tn ca hm, lun lun xut hin dng ch hoa (v d nh SUM hoc PMT). Cho d bn nhp tn hm
nh th no, Excel cng t ng chuyn i tn hm thnh cc ch hoa. Tht ra, tt nht bn nn nhp tn hm bng cc ch thng, v khi Excel khng chuyn i tn hm thnh cc ch hoa, bn bit ngay rng khng phi l mt tn hm, ngha l c th bn nhp sai.
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Cc mc nm trong cp du ngoc n v cch nhau bng cc du phy l nhng i s (argument) ca hm. i s l cc u vo ca hm, l d liu m n dng thc hin cc php tnh v tr v mt kt qu. Nu phn loi theo i s, th cc hm bao gm hai loi: Hm khng cn i s v hm c i s. Hm khng cn i s: C nhiu hm khng i hi bt k i s no. V d, hm NOW tr v ngy thng v thi gian hin hnh, khng i hi phi c i s. Hm c i s: Hu ht cc hm c ti thiu mt i s, v c th ln n 9 hoc 10 i s. Nhng i s ny c chia thnh hai loi: bt buc v ty chn. Nhng i s bt buc l nhng i s phi nhp vo trong cp du ngoc n, nu khng th hm s to ra mt li. Bn ch s dng cc i s ty chn khi no cng thc ca bn cn c chng. Xin ni r thm v du phy dng tch bit cc i s. Du phy y khng nn hiu n thun l du phy (,) trong bn phm, m bn nn hiu rng y l mt seperator, l du phn cch, m ti nhc n khi ni v vic thay i cc ty chn nh dng s trong Control Panel. Du ny c quy nh trong Control Panel ca h iu hnh v trong Option ca Excel. Trong sch ny, ti s dng du phy lm du phn cch. Nu bn thch dng du chm phy (;) lm du phn cch, th bn nn hiu du phy m ti cp n y chnh l du chm phy m bn ang dng. V d: Hm FV l hm tr v gi tr tng lai ca mt khon u t thng xuyn (thng hay dng tnh s tin tit kim s c c sau mt khon thi gian no ,
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vi mt li sut no ), da vo ba i s bt buc v hai i s ty chn: = FV(rate, nper, pmt [, pv] [, type]) y gi l c php ca hm. y ti s dng quy c Excel dng trong phn Help, m bn s thy n khi tra cu cc hm: - Nhng ch in nghing biu th mt i s ca hm, ngha l khi bn s dng hm, bn thay th nhng ch in nghing bng mt gi tr thch hp. - Nhng i s nm trong cp du ngoc vung l nhng i s ty chn. Nhng i s cn li l bt buc phi c. Bn phi cn thn vi nhng du phy trc nhng i s ty chn. V d, nu bn b bt i s type ca hm FV trn, bn nhp cng thc nh sau: = FV(rate, nper, pmt, pv) Nhng nu bn b qua i s pv, bn phi li du phy ca n, trnh s ln ln gi tr no l ca i s no: = FV(rate, nper, pmt, , type) Ty vo c php ca tng hm, cc i s c th l mt trong nhng dng sau: nhng k t, ch s, cc biu thc, cc tham chiu n hoc n dy, cc tn dy, cc mng, hay l kt qu ca mt cng thc khc, mt hm khc.
Cho d bn dng mt hm n thun hay dng mt hm nh l mt thnh phn trong mt cng thc, bn phi theo nhng quy lut v nhng hng dn sau y:
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Lun lun t cc i s ca hm trong du ngoc n. Lun lun phn cch cc i s bng du phy (hoc du chm phy, ty vo quy nh List Seperator trong Control Panel). Bn c th thm mt khong trng sau mi du phy lm cho hm d c hn, Excel s b qua cc khong trng ph ny. Bn c th dng mt hm nh l mt i s ca mt hm khc. y gi l nhng hm lng nhau. Vi Excel 2007, bn c th lng ti a 64 hm vi nhau, nhng vi Excel 2003, con s ny ch l 7. Bn c th nhp tn hm bng ch hoa hay bng ch thng. Excel lun lun chuyn i tn hm thnh ch hoa. Tuy nhin, vi Excel 2007, bn khng phi lo lng v chuyn nhp tn hm ng chnh t, v Excel 2007 c tnh nng AutoComplet. Ngay khi bn bt u g mt tn hm, mt mt danh sch cc hm bt u vi k t m bn va g vo s hin ra, ng thi cng hin th mt m t khi qut v ni dung ca hm m bn ang chn trong danh sch ny; bn ch vic chn hm bn mun dng, v nhn phm Tab chn n vo trong cng thc. Bn khng cn phi thuc lng danh sch hoc th t ca cc i s trong hm. Sau khi bn nhp xong tn hm v bt u m du ngoc n nhp i s, Excel s hin th mt ci banner hng dn cho bn nhp tip cc i s ca hm. i s hin hnh s c t m ln, v khi bn nhp xong mt i s, bn g mt du phy, Excel s t m i s tip theo (nu cn).
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Khi bn khng bit chc phi s dng hm no, khi bn mun bit c php ca hm trc khi s dng n, khi bn mun kim tra cc hm tng t trong mt hng mc c th trc khi chn c hm thch hp nht cho nhu cu ca mnh, hoc khi bn mun bit tc dng ca nhng gi tr i s khc nhau i vi kt qu ca hm, mun xem trc kt qu ca cng thc,... bn nn s dng cng c c sn trong Excel: Insert Function, theo cc bc sau y: 1. Chn m bn s nhp mt cng thc. 2. Nhp cng thc, cho ti ch m bn mun chn hm vo. 3. n y, bn c hai la chn: a/ Nu hm m bn cn l mt trong nhng hm bn thng xuyn s dng trong thi gian gn y, n s nm sn trong Name Box . Nhn vo danh sch x xung ca Name Box, chn hm m bn mun (nu c) ri nhn Enter. Excel s hin th hp thoi Function Arguments. Chuyn qua bc 7.
Hnh 114 Nhng hm c s dng thng xuyn s c sn trong Name Box
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b/ Nu hm m bn cn khng phi l mt hm bn thng xuyn s dng trong thi gian gn y, hoc tm mt hm, bn nhn vo nt Insert Function (nm ngay trn Formula bar, c biu tng fx hoc nhn Shift+F3. Hp thoi Insert Function s m ra.
Hnh 115 Nhn vo nt Insert Function chn mt hm
4. Nu bn rnh ting Anh, bn c th nhp i dng m t yu cu ca bn vo khung Search for a function ri nhn nt Go. Hoc bn nhn vo mc Or Select a Category chn loi hm m bn cn (nu bn khng bit hm bn cn thuc loi hm no, nhn chn All), bnh thng th y ang c sn danh sch nhng hm thng c s dng nht (Most Recently Used).
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5. Trong danh sch Select a Function, chn hm m bn mun dng. 6. Nhn OK. Excel s hin th hp thoi Function Arguments.
Hnh 116 Hp thoi Function Arguments
7. Trong hp thoi Function Arguments, khi nhp cc i s vo mi khung tng ng, bn cn lu nhng im sau: - Tn ca cc i s bt buc s c in m. - Mi khi bn ang chn i s no, Excel s gii thch s lc cch s dng i s ngay bn di (d nhin l bng ting Anh). - Sau khi bn nhp mt i s, Excel s hin th gi tr hin hnh ca i s ngay bn phi. - Sau khi bn nhp y cc i s bt buc, Excel hin th gi tr hin ti (cho ti lc ny) ca gi tr hm gc di bn tri. 8. Khi bn hon tt, nhn OK. Excel chn cng thc v cc i s ca n vo .
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Trong phn ny, ti s khng trnh by chi tit tng hm, m ch gii thiu s lc nhng nhm hm thng dng nht vi nhng tnh nng c bn v danh sch mt s hm c bn trong nhm . Bn c th tra cu cch s dng tng hm trong phn Help ca Excel.
Trong Excel, vn bn l mt tp hp gm nhng k t ch v s nhng khng phi l mt gi tr s, mt gi tr ngy thng v thi gian, hoc l mt cng thc. Cc t, cc tn, cc nhn, u l nhng gi tr text, v tt c cc gi tr trong mt m c du nhy n (') ng trc cng l nhng gi tr text. Cc gi tr vn bn (text value) cn c gi l cc chui (string), v ti s dng c hai thut ng thay th cho nhau trong sut chng ny. chng 3, bn hc v cc thit lp nhng cng thc x l vn bn trong Excel, nhng ch l cc cng thc dng du "v" (&) ni hai hoc nhiu chui nh thnh mt chui ln hn. Cc hm x l vn bn trong Excel cho php bn a cc cng thc lin quan n vn bn ln mt cp cao hn, cho bn rt nhiu cch x l cc chui. Sau y l mt s hm x l chui vn bn thng dng nht: CHAR: Tm k t tng ng ca mt m ANSI. CODE: Tm m ANSI ca k t u tin trong mt chui.
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CONCATENATE: Ni nhiu chui thnh mt chui n. FIND: Tm v tr bt u ca mt k t trong mt chui, c phn bit ch thng v ch hoa. LEFT: Trch ra mt hay nhiu k t bn tri ca mt chui. LEN: m s k t trong mt chui. LOWER: Chuyn i tt c cc k t trong mt chui thnh ch thng. MID: Trch ra mt hay nhiu k t trong mt chui. PROPER: i k t u tin trong mt chui thnh ch in hoa, v i cc k t cn li thnh ch in thng. REPLACE: Thay th mt phn ca mt chui bng mt ni dung khc. RIGHT: Trch ra mt hay nhiu k t tnh phn bn phi ca mt chui.
SEARCH: Tm v tr bt u ca mt k t trong mt
chui, khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa. SUBSTITUTE: Thay th mt hoc nhiu on ging nhau trong mt chui bng mt ni dung khc. TEXT: Chuyn i mt gi tr thnh mt chui v nh dng n theo mt kiu ty . TRIM: Xa tt c nhng khong trng v ch trong mt chui. UPPER: Chuyn i tt c cc k t trong mt chui thnh ch in hoa. VALUE: Chuyn i mt chui thnh mt con s.
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Cc cng thc trong bng tnh c th th nghim cc gi tr trong cc v cc dy, v tr v nhng kt qu da trn cc php th , bng cch s dng cc hm lun l ca Excel, l nhng hm c thit k to ra nhng cng thc thc hin cc php th, s tr v kt qu l nhng gi tr TRUE (nu nh php th l ng) hoc FALSE (nu nh php th l sai). V d, bn c th yu cu Excel xem th ni dung ca mt , xem l cc gi tr s hay l cc gi tr text; hoc bn c th th kt qu ca mt cng thc xem n c li khng... Nhm hm ny gm c nhng hm nh sau: AND: Tr v TRUE nu tt c cc php th logic (l cc i s trong hm) u c kt qu ng. Tr v FALSE nu c mt trong php th logic cho c kt qu sai. IF: Thc hin mt php th logic v tr v mt kt qu da trn kt qu ca php th. IFERROR: Dng by li cho cc hm khc. NOT: o ngc cc gi tr logic ca i s (hm ph nh). OR: Tr v TRUE khi c mt trong cc php th logic (l cc i s trong hm) c kt qu ng. Tr v FALSE tt c cc php th logic cho c kt qu sai.
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Tm c mt ngha ca mt t trong t in lun phi qua hai bc: u tin, bn phi tra chnh t , v sau c nh ngha ca n. tng ny cng p dng cho vic d tm mt th g tm ra mt s thng tin lin quan, l cng vic m dng nh hng ngy bn phi i din vi bng tnh. Khi lm vic nhiu vi cc hm, bn s gp nhng trng hp m gi tr ca mt i s ph thuc vo gi tr ca mt i s khc (hay gi tr ca i s ny l kt qu ca mt hm khc). V d: Trong cng thc tnh tng gi tr ha n, khon chit khu cho khch hng ph thuc vo s lng hng mua; hoc trong cng thc tnh li sut cho cc khon phi tr qu hn, t l li sut ph thuc vo s ngy qu hn ca mi ha n; trong cng thc tnh tin thng cho nhn vin theo phn trm tin lng, s phn trm ny ph thuc vo vic nhn vin ny t c bao nhiu doanh thu so vi ch tiu c giao, v.v... Cch thng thng gii quyt nhng vn trn l tm kim nhng gi tr thch hp. Cc hm trong nhm hm D tm s gip bn thc hin nhng vic d tm trong cc bng tnh mt cch nhanh chng. Thng thng, bn s dng n nhng hm sau: CHOOSE: Chn ra mt gi tr t mt danh sch. HLOOKUP: D tm mt gi tr trong mt bng v tr v gi tr mt hng c ch nh trc. INDEX: D tm trong mt bng v tr v gi tr ti phn giao nhau ca mt hng vi mt hng c ch nh trc. MATCH: Tm v tr ca mt gi tr trong mt bng.
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VLOOKUP: D tm mt gi tr trong mt bng v tr v gi tr mt ct c ch nh trc.
Cc hm ngy thng v thi gian cho php bn chuyn i ngy thng v thi gian thnh nhng chui s lin tc v thc hin nhng php tnh vi nhng con s . Kh nng ny hu dng cho nhng vn nh tnh cc khon phi thu qu hn, lp thi biu cho mt d n, nhng ng dng c qun l thi gian, v nhiu iu khc... Excel x l cc ngy thng v thi gian nh th no Excel dng nhng chui s lin tc tng trng cho cc ngy thng v thi gian c th. Trong c php ca nhng hm v ngy thng v thi gian, Excel thng dng ch serial_number khi ni n i s l mt gi tr ngy thng hoc thi gian. c c chui s lin tc cho ngy thng, Excel dng ngy 31 thng 12 nm 1899 nh l im khi u v ri m s ngy tri qua k t . V d, con s theo th t ngy thng ca ngy 01 thng 01 nm 1900 l 1, ca ngy 02 thng 01 nm 1900 l 2, v c th, ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2007 c s th t l 39447... c chui s lin tc cho thi gian, Excel biu din thi gian nh di dng mt phn s thp phn ca 24 gi mt ngy, c mt con s gia 0 v 1. im bt u l na m, c gn gi tr l 0, do d lc gia tra (na ngy) c mt con s (theo chui lin tc) l 1/2 (0.5). Bn c th kt hp hai loi s ny. V d, 39447.5 tng trng cho 12 gi tra ngy Ch Nht 31/12/2007.
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u im ca vic s dng cc chui s lin tc l gip cho cc php tnh lin quan n cc ngy thng v thi gian c d dng hn. Mt ngy thng hoc thi gian tht s ch l mt con s, cho nn bt k php ton no m bn c th thc hin c trn mt con s th bn cng c th thc hin c vi mt ngy thng hay thi gian. Vn quan trng m bn phi tun th, l bn phi nhp cc gi tr ngy thng v thi gian ng quy cch quy nh trong h thng. Ch khi bn nhp vo ng, th Excel mi hiu c l mt gi tr ngy thng hoc thi gian, v bn mi s dng c nhng hm ngy thng v thi gian vi nhng gi tr . Ngoi ra, bn nn bit thm nhng iu sau y khi lm vic vi cc gi tr ngy thng v thi gian: - Bn c th s dng du gch cho (/) hoc du ni (-) lm du phn cch ngy thng. Nhng lun lun s dng du hai chm (:) phn cch thi gian. - Bn c th kt hp bt k kiu nh dng ngy thng v thi gian no li vi nhau, min l bn tch bit chng bng mt du cch (mt khong trng). - Bn c th nhp cc gi tr ngy thng v thi gian bng ch hoa hoc ch thng. Excel s t ng iu chnh vic vit hoa theo nh dng chun ca n. - hin th thi gian theo kiu 12 gi, bn phi bao gm ch am (hay l a) hoc pm (hay l p). Nu bn b qua nhng k hiu ny, Excel s s dng loi thi gian 24 gi. Mt s hm ngy thng thng dng DATE: Dng to ra mt gi tr ngy thng nm t cc gi tr Nm, Thng, Ngy cho trc.
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DATEDIF: Dng tm s chnh lch gia hai gi tr ngy thng nm. C th tnh chnh xc s chnh lch theo ngy, theo thng, theo nm... DATEVALUE: Chuyn i mt gi tr ch ngy dng vn bn sang nh dng ngy thng nm. DAY: Trch ra thnh phn Ngy ca mt gi tr ngy thng nm. EDATE: Tm mt ngy trc hoc sau mt ngy khc mt s thng cho trc. EOMONTH: Tm ngy cui thng ca mt ngy thng, trc hoc sau mt s thng cho trc. MONTH: Trch ra thnh phn Thng ca mt gi tr ngy thng nm. NETWORKDAYS: Tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian gia hai gi tr ngy thng, b qua cc ngy cui tun (th By, Ch Nht) v cc ngy ngh l c ch nh mt danh sch. TODAY(): Cho bit ngy thng nm hin ti. WEEKDAY: Cho bit mt ngy l ngy th my trong tun. WEEKNUM: Cho bit tun l ca mt ngy thng cho trc l tun l th my trong nm. WORKDAY: Tm ngy hon thnh mt cng vic tnh t ngy bt u; b qua nhng ngy cui tun v ngy ngh. YEAR: Trch ra thnh phn Nm ca mt gi tr ngy thng nm..
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Cc hm v thi gian HOUR: Trch ra thnh phn Gi ca mt gi tr thi gian. MINUTE: Trch ra thnh phn Pht ca mt gi tr thi gian. NOW: Cho bit ngy thng nm v thi gian hin hnh. SECOND: Trch ra thnh phn Giy ca mt gi tr thi gian. TIME: Dng to ra mt gi tr thi gian t cc gi tr Gi, Pht, Giy cho trc. TIMEVALUE: Chuyn i mt gi tr ch thi gian dng vn bn sang nh dng ngy thi gian.
Cc hm ton hc c dng cho cc php tnh c bn nh tm cc gi tr tuyt i, mu s chung ln nht v nh nht, tnh cn bc hai, v tnh tng... Nhiu php tnh cao cp cng c sn nh php tnh ma trn, a thc, tnh tng cc bnh phng, cc php tnh lm trn s... Danh sch cc hm ton hc trong Excel th rt nhiu. Sau y l nhng hm thng dng nht: ABS: Tnh tr tuyt i ca mt s. INT: Lm trn mt s xung s nguyn gn nht. MOD: Tnh phn d ca mt php chia. MROUND: Lm trn mt s n bi s ca mt s khc. PI : Tr v gi tr Pi
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POWER: Tnh ly tha ca mt s PRODUCT: Tnh tch cc s. QUOTIENT: Tr v phn nguyn ca mt php chia. RAND: To ra nhng s ngu nhin gia 0 v 1 RANDBETWEEN: Tr v nhng s ngu nhin gia hai s no . ROUND: Lm trn mt s n mt s l c ch nh. SQRT: Tnh cn bc hai ca mt s. SUM: Tnh tng cc s. SUMIF: Tnh tng cc s theo mt iu kin. SUMIFS: Tnh tng cc s theo nhiu iu kin (ch c trong Excel 2007, 2010).
Nhng hm thng k ca Excel thc hin nhng php tnh thng k nh trung bnh, ln nht, nh nht, m mt danh sch... i vi hu ht cc hm thng k, bn c th nhp nhng gi tr, nhng ring l, hay l xc nh mt mng, mt dy nhiu ... lm i s cho hm. Excel c hng chc hm thng k, nhng nhiu hm trong s him khi c s dng. Sau y l nhng hm thng dng nht: AVERAGE: Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc s. AVERAGEIF: Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc s theo mt iu kin cho trc (ch c trong Excel 2007, 2010).
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AVERAGEIFS: Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc s theo nhiu iu kin cho trc (ch c trong Excel 2007, 2010). COUNT: m s trong mt dy . COUNTA: m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong mt dy . COUNTBLANK: m cc rng trong mt dy . COUNTIF: m s theo mt iu kin cho trc. COUNTIFS: m s theo nhiu iu kin cho trc (ch c trong Excel 2007, 2010). LARGE: Tm gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp hp cc s. MAX: Tm gi tr ln nht trong mt tp hp cc s. MIN: Tm gi tr nh nht trong mt tp hp cc s. MODE: Tm gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt tp hp cc s. RANK: Xp th hng cc s. SMALL: Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp hp cc s. ***
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7
Biu (Chart)
Biu gip trnh by cc s liu kh khan thnh cc hnh nh trc quan, d hiu. Biu c lin kt vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi thay i d liu ca n trong bng tnh th lp tc biu s thay i tng ng theo. Nu bn tng dng biu trong Excel 2003, bn s thy vi Excel 2007, vic v biu tr nn d dng v p hn rt nhiu. Excel 2007 c rt nhiu kiu biu khc nhau phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca nhiu loi i tng s dng bng tnh, chng ta s cng nhau khm ph th gii biu ca Excel trong chng ny.
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Biu l mt i tng (object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh vi mu sc v kiu dng rt phong ph. Excel 2007 c 2 loi biu , l biu nm trong ngay trong worksheet cha d liu v (gi l Embedded chart), v biu nm trong mt Sheet c bit gi l ChartSheet. Mc nh, Excel 2007 s to ra Embedded chart. Khi c biu ri, mun chuyn n n mt Sheet ring bit, bn chn Chart Tools Design Location Move Chart:
Hnh 117 Gi lnh Move Chart t Ribbon
Bn t tn cho ChartSheet vo New sheet ri nhn OK. Cng bng hp thoi ny, bn c th di chuyn biu t trong ChartSheet vo bt c Sheet no c trong danh sch trong khung Object in.
Hnh 118 Hp thoi Move Chart
Trc khi ni v nhng thnh phn ca biu , ti s trnh by cc bc v mt biu t mt bng s liu cho trc v mt s ty chn ca th. Gi s, chng ta c bng s liu v th phn bo him nhn th ti Vit Nam tnh n cui nm 2009 . Nu
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chng ta dng kt qu ny thuyt trnh th cng khng c vn g, tuy nhin bi thuyt trnh s sinh ng v thuyt phc hn nu chng ta bin cc con s ny thnh biu . Bn hy theo cc bc sau: 1. Chn vng d liu B4:C11, bao gm cc tiu ct.
Hnh 119
2. Nhn Tab Insert trn Ribbon. Bn s thy trong Tab ny c mt nhm cc loi biu . Mi loi biu c nhiu kiu khc nhau khi ta nhn vo . V d ti chn Insert Charts Column Clustered Column:
Hnh 120 Chn loi biu t Tab Insert ca Ribbon
Ngay lp tc mt biu xut hin trn trang tnh:

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Hnh 121 Biu dng Clustered Column
V lc ny, nu bn nhn chn biu , trn Ribbon s xut hin nhm Chart Tools, vi 3 Tab Design, Layout v Format. Nhm ny s t ng mt i nu bn khng nhn chn biu na. 3. Bn c th thay i cch b tr cc thnh phn trn trn biu bng cch chn mt trong nhng kiu kiu b tr cc thnh phn ca biu trongh nhm Chart Layouts ca Tab Design. Cch b tr cc thnh phn Hnh 122 Danh sch cc Chart Layouts trn biu ngha l tiu nm u, phn ch thch nm u, cho s liu nm trong biu hay trong mt bng nm di biu ... 4. Nu thy kiu biu ny khng p, bn c th i sang kiu khc bng cch chn Chart Tools Design Type Change Chart Type. Hp thoi Insert Chart s m ra vi ton b cc kiu th c thit k sn, tha h cho bn chn la . Ngoi ra, bn c th
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thay i tng mu ca biu bng cch chn mt mu c sn trong nhm Chart Style.
Hnh 123 Chn loi biu t hp thoi Change Chart Type
Gi s ti chn loi biu l Exploded Pie in 3D, ri chn tip Chart Layout l Layout 1, v chn Chart Style l Style 10, ti s c biu nh hnh 124, sinh ng, trc quan v p hn biu dng Column nhiu:
Hnh 124 Biu dng Eploded Pie in 3D
l tt c nhng g phi lm v mt biu . Rt nhanh, phi khng bn. Nu c lu, chng qua l v c qu nhiu mu m cho bn la chn, i khi chng bit nn chn mu no v b mu no...
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Mt biu s c nhng thnh phn chnh sau y:
Hnh 125 Cc thnh phn chnh ca mt biu
1. Chart area: L vng cha ton b cc thnh phn trong biu . 2. Plot area: Vng cha biu v cc bng s liu ca biu . 3. Chart title: Tiu chnh ca biu . 4. Horizontal axis title: Tiu trc honh ca biu , xc nh kiu d liu trn trc honh. 5. Vertical axis title: Tiu trc tung ca biu , xc nh kiu d liu trn trc tung.
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6. Legend: Cc ch thch, gip ta bit c thnh phn no trong biu biu din cho chui s liu no. 7. Data label: Biu din cc s liu c th km theo trn biu . 8. Data Table: Vi mt s Layout trong Chart Layout, Data label c thay th bng Data Table, l bng s liu v nm ngay bn di biu . 9. Horizontal axis: Trc ngang (trc honh) ca biu (mc nh s khng hin th). 10. Vertical axis: Trc dc (trc tung) ca biu (mc nh s khng hin th). 11. Horizontal gridlines: Cc ng li ngang. 12. Vertical gridlines: Cc ng li dc (mc nh s khng hin th). Vi cc biu dng 3D, th cn c thm nhng thnh phn sau y : 13. Back wall: Mu / hnh nn pha sau biu 14. Side wall: Mu / hnh nn cc cnh bn ca biu 15. Floor: Mu / hnh nn y ca biu chn thnh phn no, bn ch vic nhn vo thnh phn . Thnh phn c chn s ni ln v c 4 hoc 8 nt bao chung quanh. Mt khi chn mt thnh phn, bn c th dng cc phm mi tn trn bn phm di chuyn qua li gia cc thnh phn khc trong biu .
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Hnh 126 Cc thnh phn ch c biu dng 3D
Nu bn thuc tn ca cc thnh phn, ngoi cch dng chut, bn c th chn chng trong hp Chart Elements, nm ngoi ra bn tri ca Tab Layout hoc Tab Format, trong nhm Current Selection.
Hnh 127 Chn cc thnh phn ca biu t Chart Elements
Ngoi ra, bn c th nhn vo nhng nt lnh trong cc nhm Labels, Areas v Background ca Tab Layout, khi mun iu chnh thuc tnh ca mt thnh phn no ca biu , m ti s trnh by r hn trang 183.
Excel xem biu v cc thnh phn trong l nhng i tng, do cc thao tc vi chng cng ging nh thao tc vi mt i tng.
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Sau khi chn mt thnh phn ca biu , bn c th thc hin nhng thao tc sau: Di chuyn: R con tr chut ti mt mp no ca thnh phn ang chn, khi con tr chut bin thnh mt mi tn c 4 u, bn nhn gi nt tri v r chut di chuyn thnh phn n ch khc. Thay i kch thc: Khi chn mt thnh phn, bn s thy c 8 nt bao quanh n. R chut vo nhng nt ny, khi con tr chut bin thnh mt mi tn c 2 u, nhn nt tri v r chut, bn s thay i c kch thc ca thnh phn ang chn. Sao chp: Nh mt i tng bt k, bn dng cp phm Ctrl+C v Ctrl+V sao chp thnh phn ang chn. Bn cng c th dng Ctrl+X v Ctrl+V di chuyn thnh phn ti mt ni khc hoc sang mt Sheet khc. Xa: Bn ch vic nhn phm Delete trn bn phm xa thnh phn ang chn. Vi Chart Sheet, bn thc hin ging nh xa mt sheet bnh thng ca bng tnh. Lu : Khng phi tt c cc thnh phn trong biu u c th thc hin nhng thao tc m ti trnh by trn, m ch c Chart area, Plot area, cc tiu (title) v cc ch thch (legend) m thi.
Ngoi nhng Layout hay Style c sn trn Ribbon, bn c th ty hiu chnh v nh dng li biu hay mt thnh phn no trong biu .
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S dng Ribbon Cch nhanh nht hiu chnh v nh dng mt thnh phn no trong biu l nhn chn n, sau s dng cc nt lnh trong Tab Format ca Chart Tools:
Hnh 128 S dng Tab Format hiu chnh v nh dng biu
Trong Tab ny, Excel s dng ch Shape cho cc thnh phn ca biu . Bn c th nh dng nhanh cho mt thnh phn bng cch chn mt loi nh dng c sn trong nhm Shape Style, hoc c th ty nh dng bng cc nt lnh: Shape Fill: dng t mu hoc chn mt hiu ng no cho phn nn ca thnh phn c chn. Shape Ouline: dng t mu, quy nh kch thc, dng ng k cho cc ng vin ca thnh phn c chn. Shape Effect: dng chn nhng hiu ng c bit cho thnh phn ang chn, nh bng, to vin ni... Nhm nt lnh Size (nm cui cng trong Tab Format): dng iu chnh kch thc cho thnh phn ang chn.
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S dng hp thoi Format Dng cc lnh trn Ribbon th nhanh, nhng bn khng th hiu chnh c tt c cc thuc tnh ca thnh phn ang chn, m bn phi s dng hp thoi Format ring ca n. Khi chn thnh phn cn hiu chnh, bn c th dng mt trong nhng cch sau y gi hp thoi Format: Nhn t hp phm Ctrl+1.
Right-click vo thnh phn chn v chn lnh Format...
Chn Chart Tools Format Selection.
Format Current Selection
Nhn vo nt lnh tng ng ca thnh phn mun hiu chnh trong Tab Layout v chn lnh More... Options. Ty thuc vo thnh phn c chn, m Excel s a ra mt hp thoi Format thch hp, m ti s trnh by chi tit trong cc phn sau y. Tuy nhin, nhng thnh phn s lun c trong cc hp thoi l: Fill : Nhm lnh dng chn mu cho phn nn ca thnh phn c chn. Khng ch l t mu, bn c th chn mt bc nh, mt mu t cho nn. Excel cung cp sn rt nhiu mu t nn cho bn chn.
Hnh 129
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Border Color : Nhm lnh dng chn mu cho cc ng vin ca thnh phn c chn. Nhm ny c tt c cc ty chn nh nhm Fill, ch khng c mc dng nh thay cho mu ca ng vin. Border Style : Nhm lnh dng chn nhng thuc tnh ca ng vin. Bn c th chn kch c (dy / mng), loi ng k, chn kiu ca hai u ng k (to mi tn cho cc trc), v.v... Shadow : Nhm lnh dng thit lp cc ty chn cho hiu ng bng cho thnh phn ang chn. Bn c th chn kiu bng, mu cho bng v nhiu ty chn khc...
Hnh 130
Hnh 131
3D-Format: Nhm lnh dng to hiu ng 3D Hnh 132 cho thnh phn ang chn. Bn nn lu : nhng hiu ng 3D ny ch c trong Excel 2007, do , nu bn p dng cho cc
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bng tnh dng *.xls, cc hiu ng ny s khng c tc dng khi bn m bng tnh bng Excel 2003.
Hiu chnh v nh dng Chart Area

Chart Area l vng bao trm tt c cc thnh phn ca mt
biu . Bn c th phng to, thu nh, di chuyn; v ty hiu chnh mu sc, hiu ng, kiu khung bao, v.v... t hp thoi Format Chart Area, hoc chn mt trong nhng mu nh dng c sn t nhm Shape Styles (nm trong Tab Format ca Chart Tools) . nh dng font ch cho tt c cc thnh phn trong biu , bn ch cn nh dng font ch cho Chart Area, bng cch chn Chart Area, sau dng cng c nh dng font ch trong Tab Home trn Ribbon, nh bn vn thng lm vi cc font ch trong bng tnh.
Hnh 133 Chn kiu nh dng cho Chart Erea t Shape Styles trn Ribbon www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Vi Excel 2007, ngoi nhng cng c nh dng font ch bnh thng, bn cn c th p dng kiu ch ngh thut cho tt c cc font ch trong biu , bng cch chn mt trong nhng mu c sn t nhm WordArt Styles (cng nm trong Tab Format ca Chart Tools). Trong trng hp bn mun khi phc li tnh trng ban u ca Chart Area, bn hy right-click vo Chart Area, ri chn lnh Reset to Match Style. Hiu chnh v nh dng Plot Area
Plot Area l vng cha biu . Cng nh Chart Area, bn
c th phng to, thu nh, di chuyn; v ty hiu chnh mu sc, hiu ng, kiu khung bao, v.v... t hp thoi Format Plot Area, hoc chn mt trong nhng mu nh dng c sn t nhm Shape Styles (nm trong Tab Format ca Chart Tools) .
Hnh 134 Chn kiu nh dng cho Plot Erea t Shape Styles trn Ribbon
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Nhng hiu chnh v nh dng cho Plot Area ch c tc dng cho phn nn ca Plot Area, ch khng nh hng n biu cng nh nhng thnh phn nm trong Plot Area (font ch, ng li dc, ngang, cc trc...). Hiu chnh v nh dng Tiu biu , Ch thch, Tiu trc honh trc tung Cch nhanh nht hiu chnh, nh dng hoc cho n / hin cc tiu , ch thch trong biu l s dng nhng nt lnh trong nhm Labels (Chart Tools / Tab Layout):
Hnh 135 S dng cc lnh trong nhm Labels hiu chnh cc tiu , ch thch
Chart Tittle: Dng n / hin, xc nh v tr cho tiu chnh ca biu . Axis Tittle: Dng n / hin, xc nh v tr cho tiu ca trc tung, trc honh trong biu . Legend: Dng n / hin, xc nh v tr cho phn ch thch (l phn gip ta bit c thnh phn no trong biu biu din cho chui s liu no) ca biu . Data Labels: Dng n / hin, xc nh v tr cho cc nhn d liu ca biu . Data Table: Dng n / hin, xc nh kiu hin th cho bng d liu ca biu . Gridlines: Dng n / hin, xc nh kiu hin th cho cc ng li ngang, dc trong biu . Tuy nhin, khong cch gia cc ng li ph thuc
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thuc vo thuc tnh ca cc trc, ch chng ta khng th quy nh khong cch bng nt lnh ny. nh dng font ch cho nhng thnh phn ti va lit k trn y, bn thc hin nh khi bn nh dng font ch trong bng tnh, bng cc nt lnh trong Tab Home ca Ribbon. Hiu chnh cc trc Vic hiu chnh v nh dng cc trc ca biu kh phc tp. C 3 loi thng s s c trnh by trn cc trc, l Value (cc gi tr, l d liu chnh v biu ), Category (cc nhm dng so snh trn biu ) v Time Scale (dng cho cc loi biu c cc nhm dng so snh l cc gi tr thi gian). a s cc biu s trnh by cc gi tr trn trc tung (vertical axis) v phn nhm so snh trn trc honh (horizontal axis). Value Axis: Thng th y l trc tung ca biu . Nu bn nhn vo Chart Element (trong nhm Current Selelection), thnh phn c tn l Vertical (Value) Axis. Hp thoi dng nh dng Value Axis c nhng ty chn nh sau:
Minimum: Xc nh gi tr nh nht trn trc (gi
tr khi u): - Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn
Maximum: Xc nh gi tr ln nht trn trc (gi
tr kt thc): - Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn

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Hnh 136 Hp thoi Format Value Axis
Major unit: Xc nh gi tr cho cc khong chia
chnh trn trc (y l khong cch gia cc ng li ngang, nu bn cho hin th chng): - Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn
Minor unit: Xc nh gi tr cho cc khong chia
ph trn trc: - Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn
Values in reverse order: o th t sp xp cc gi
tr trn trc (nu bn nhn ty chn ny, biu s c v t trn xung di).
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Logarithmic scale: Chuyn cc gi tr trn trc sang h logarith vi c s do ta quy nh ti Base (l
mt gi tr ln hn 0).
Display units: Chn loi n v tnh cho cc gi tr
trn trc.
Show display units label on chart: n / hin n v
tnh cho cc gi tr trn trc.
Major tick mark type: Qui nh cch hin th k
hiu phn cch chnh trn trc: - None: Khng s dng - Inside: Hin th pha bn trong trc - Outside: Hin th pha bn ngoi trc - Cross: Hin th ct ngang trc
Minor tick mark type: Qui nh cch hin th k
hiu phn cch ph trn trc: - None: Khng s dng - Inside: Hin th pha bn trong trc - Outside: Hin th pha bn ngoi trc - Cross: Hin th ct ngang trc
Axis labels: Xc nh cch hin th cc gi tr ca
trc trn biu : - None: Khng hin th - High: Hin th pha cha gi tr ln nht ca trc honh. - Low: Hin th pha cha gi tr nh nht ca trc honh. - Next to asix: Hin th k bn trc (mc nh).
Horizontal axis crosses: Quy nh v tr giao nhau
gia trc tung vi trc honh: - Automatic: Do Excel t xc nh.

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- Axis value: Xc nh gi tr m cc trc s giao nhau. - Maximum axis value: Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht ca trc tung. Category Axis: Thng th y l trc honh ca biu , c tn l Horizontal (Category) Axis trong Chart Element. Hp thoi dng nh dng Category Axis c nhng ty chn sau:
Hnh 137 Hp thoi Format Category Axis
Interval between tick marks: Xc nh s th hin
cc nhm theo khong chia (c bao nhiu nhm trong mt khong chia, thng l mt nhm).
Interval between labels: Xc nh s xut hin ca
tn nhm theo khong chia

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- Automatic: Excel t xc nh (thng l 1). - Specify interval unit: Xc nh tn nhm s xut hin sau bao nhiu khong chia trn trc.
Categories in reverse order: Cc nhm sp xp theo
th t ngc li (nu bn nhn ty chn ny, biu s c v t phi qua tri).
Label distance from axis: Xc nh khong cch
ca nhn so vi trc.
Axis Type: Xc nh loi trc s dng da theo
nh dng ca cc nhm: - Automatic: Excel t xc nh da theo loi nh dng ca tiu d liu. - Text axis: Cc nhm trn trc l cc gi tr text - Date axis: Cc nhm trn trc l cc gi tr thi gian. Nu chn ty chn ny, hp thoi Format Asix s t ng i thnh dng Format Time Scale Asix .
Major tick mark type: Quy nh cch hin th k
hiu phn cch chnh trn trc: - None: Khng s dng - Inside: Hin th pha bn trong trc - Outside: Hin th pha bn ngoi trc - Cross: Hin th ct ngang trc
Minor tick mark type: Quy nh cch hin th k
hiu phn cch ph trn trc: - None: Khng s dng - Inside: Hin th pha bn trong trc - Outside: Hin th pha bn ngoi trc - Cross: Hin th ct ngang trc
Axis labels: Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn nhm
ca trc honh trn biu :

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- None: Khng hin th - High: Hin th pha cha gi tr ln nht ca trc tung. - Low: Hin th pha cha gi tr nh nht ca trc honh. - Next to asix: Hin th k bn trc (mc nh).
Vertical axis crosses: Quy nh v tr giao nhau
gia trc honh vi trc tung: - Automatic: Do Excel t xc nh. - At category number: Xc nh s nhm m ti cc trc s giao nhau. - At maximum category: Hai trc s giao nhau ti v tr gi tr ln nht trn trc.
Position Axis: Quy nh cch hin th ca cc
nhm v nhn trn trc: - On tick marks: Nm ngay k hiu phn cch. - Between tick marks: Nm gia cc k hiu phn cch. Time Scale Axis: Thng th y l trc honh ca biu . Khi bn s dng biu so snh d liu theo cc gi tr thi gian, hp thoi dng nh dng trc honh c vi ty chn hi khc vi hp thoi Format Category Axis:
Minimum: Xc nh gi tr thi gian nh nht trn
trc (gi tr khi u): - Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn

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Hnh 138 Hp thoi Format Time Scale Axis
Maximum: Xc nh gi tr thi gian ln nht trn
trc (gi tr kt thc): - Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn
Major unit: Xc nh gi tr cho cc khong chia
chnh trn trc (y l khong cch gia cc ng li dc, nu bn cho hin th chng): - Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn.
Minor unit: Xc nh gi tr cho cc khong chia
ph trn trc: - Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn
Base unit: Xc nh n v tnh cho trc:
- Auto: Excel t xc nh - Fixed: Quy nh ring ca bn

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Dates in reverse order: Cc gi tr thi gian sp
xp theo th t ngc li (nu bn nhn ty chn ny, biu s c v t phi qua tri).
Axis Type: Xc nh loi trc s dng da theo
nh dng ca cc nhm: - Automatic: Excel t xc nh da theo loi nh dng ca tiu d liu. - Text axis: Cc nhm trn trc l cc gi tr text. Nu chn ty chn ny, hp thoi Format Time Scale Asix s t ng i thnh dng
Format Category Axis
- Date axis: Cc nhm trn trc l cc gi tr thi gian..
Vertical axis crosses: Quy nh v tr giao nhau
gia trc honh vi trc tung: - Between Dates: Do Excel t xc nh. - At datye: Xc nh gi tr thi gian m ti cc trc s giao nhau. - At maximum category: Hai trc s giao nhau ti v tr c gi tr ln nht trn trc.
Chui s liu (Excel gi l cc Series) chnh l tri tim ca mt biu , biu c p n u m chui s liu khng chnh xc, th cng nh khng. Mt biu s c mt hoc nhiu chui s liu trong , bn c th xa, thm, hiu chnh s liu ngun cng nh thay i kiu hin th ca nhng chui s liu ny trong biu .
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xa mt chui s liu, bn hy chn chui s liu , ri nhn phm Delete trn bn phm. Hoc, khi bn xa vng d liu ngun ca chui s liu trong biu , chui s liu cng s c g b ra khi biu . V d, hnh sau y minh ha mt biu vi y 3 chui s liu:
Hnh 139 Biu minh ha t l truy cp mng di ng
Nu bn chn ct chui s liu ca VIETTEL v nhn Delete, biu ca bn ch cn li nh sau:
Hnh 140 Biu hnh 129 sau khi xa bt mt chui s liu
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C hai cch thm mt chui s liu vo trong biu ang c sn: S dng Select Data Source thm mt chui s liu vo biu bng hp thoi Select Data Source, bn theo cc bc sau y: 1. Chn biu s thm chui s liu vo. 2. Chn Chart Tools Design Data Select Data, hoc right-click vo biu ri nhn chn lnh Select Data. 3. Trong hp thoi Select Data Source lnh Add. , nhn nt
Hnh 141 Hp thoi Select Data Source
4. Trong hp thoi Edit Series , t tn cho chui s liu s thm vo ti Series Name (nhp trc tip hoc dng chut nhn vo tiu ca ct d liu s thm vo), v nhp tham chiu ca vng d liu ngun vo Series Values. Ngay lp tc, bn s thy chui s liu cng ch thch ca n s xut hin trn biu .
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Hnh 142 Thm chui s liu vo biu
5. Nhn OK hai ln tr v bng tnh. S dng Copy Paste C mt cch nhanh hn thm mt chui s liu vo biu ang c, l copy (Ctrl+C) dy s liu ngun (c tiu , nu c) s thm vo biu , ri nhn chn biu v dn (Ctrl+V) vo . V d, xem li hnh 142, thay v gi hp thoi Select Data Source, bn c th qut chn dy D2:D8, nhn Ctrl+C, sau chn biu ri nhn Ctrl+V, bn cng c kt qu tng t.
thay i s liu ngun ca mt chui s liu trong biu , bn thc hin cc thao tc nh vic thm mt chui s liu bng hp thoi Select Data Source. Mun thay i s liu ngun ca chui s liu no, bn ch cn chn chui s liu ri thay i tham chiu ca n trong Series Values.
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Ngoi ra, bn cng c th thay i trc tip cng thc ca chui s liu. Khi nhn chn mt chui s liu trong biu , bn s thy cng thc ca n trn Formular Bar, l mt cng thc s dng hm SERIES vi c php nh sau: = SERIES ([series_name,] [category_labels,] values, order [, sizes]) Trong : Series_name: (ty chn) Tham chiu n cha tn ca chui s liu. Nu nhp vn bn trc tip vo, bn nh t n trong cp nhy kp. Category_labels: (ty chn) Tham chiu n vng cha cc nhn cho cc nhm s liu trn trc. Nu b trng Excel t nh s cc nhm bt u l s 1. Bn c th nhp trc tip cc nhn vo, ngn cch nhau bng du phy v t tt c trong cp ngoc mc {}. Values: Tham chiu n vng cha s liu ca cc chui cn v. Order: L mt s nguyn, quy nh th t v ca cc chui (nu biu c nhiu hn 1 chui s liu) Sizes: (ch dng cho biu bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chiu n vng cha d liu v kch thc ca bong bng trong th kiu Bubble (thng s dng trong phn tch ti chnh). Cc gi tr c th nhp trc tip vo, ngn cch nhau bng du phy, v t tt c trong cp ngoc mc {}.
Khi v cc biu vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng v thm ng xu hng bit c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp s liu. Mt tp s liu c th c
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nhiu ng xu hng ty theo cch phn tch ca chng ta. thm ng xu hng, bn theo cc bc sau: 1. Chn Chart Tools Layout Analysis Trendline. 2. Chn kiu ng xu hng t danh sch hay vo More Trendline Options c thm nhiu ty chn khc. 3. Chn nhm (series) m bn s v ng xu hng cho n. 4. Nhn OK. Ly li v d trn, nu thm ng xu hng cho series Mobiphone, bn s c biu nh hnh sau y:
Hnh 143 ng xu hng trong biu
***
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8
X l d liu trong bng tnh vi Table
Ni n Excel l ni n cc bng tnh, cc bng d liu. Tuy nhin bn c bit cch t chc mt bng tnh khng? Bn c bit cch b cc cc hng, cc ct tr thnh mt trnh qun l c s d liu mt cch c khoa hc v d dng tra cu khng? Nu bn cha bit, hoc bit nhng cha rnh, bn hy Excel thit k bng d liu cho bn bng cng c Table, mt cng c c t thi Excel 2003 vi ci tn l List, nhng ng nhin, Table trong Excel 2007 mnh hn List rt nhiu.
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C th nh ngha Table l mt tp hp cc thng tin lin quan, cu trc c t chc, nhm gip d dng tm kim hoc trch xut d liu ni dung ca n.
Trc khi i su phn tch d liu vi mt Table, bn nn bit cc thnh phn ca Table, m ti s s dng trong sut chng ny: Field: Mt loi thng tin nh l tn, a ch, s in thoi... Trong Table, mi ct l mt Field. Field Value: Mt mc n trong mt Field. Trong Table, cc Field Value chnh l cc n l. FieldName: L mt tn duy nht m bn gn cho mi Field ca Table. Nhng tn ny lun lun nm trong hng u tin ca Table. Record: Mt tp hp kt hp cc Field Value. Trong Table, mi hng l mt Record. Table range: Vng bng tnh bao gm tt c cc Record, Field, v FieldName.
Bn c th chuyn i bt c vng d liu no ang c sn thnh mt Table, hoc c th to mi mt Table ngay t u theo cch bn mun, nhng c c kt qu tt nht, bn nn theo nhng hng dn sau y:
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1. Cha ra t 3 n 5 dng trn cng ca bng tnh lm vng tiu hoc s l ni lm vng cha nhng iu kin lc (Criteria range) cho Table. 2. Lun lun dng hng trn cng ca Table lm cc tiu ct. 3. Cc FieldName phi l duy nht, v chng phi l text hoc l cng thc dng text. Nu bn cn dng cc con s, hy nh dng chng thnh dng text. 4. Mt s lnh trong Excel c th lm cho kch thc v hnh dng ca mt Table t ng iu chnh. trnh nhm ln nhng lnh nh vy, bn c gng ch s dng mt Table trong mt worksheet. Nu bn c nhiu Table lin quan vi nhau, bn hy chng trong tng worksheet ca cng mt workbook. 5. Nu bn c nhng d liu m khng phi l mt Table nm trong cng mt worksheet cha Table, bn hy cha ra t nht mt hng trng hoc mt ct trng gia cc d liu vi Table. iu ny s gip cho Excel d dng t ng nhn ra mt Table. 6. Excel c mt lnh cho php bn lc d liu trong Table ch thy nhng Record theo nhng tiu chun nht nh (xem phn Lc d liu trong Table, phn sau ca chng ny, bit thm chi tit). Lnh ny, khi lm vic s n i mt s hng trong Table, v d nhin nhng hng tng ng trong worksheet cng s b n i. Do , nu trong cng worksheet cha Table, m bn c nhng d liu khc cn phi thy c lm vic vi n, bn ng t nhng d liu ny bn phi hay bn tri ca Table.
221
Trong Excel c mt s lnh lm vic hiu qu vi cc Table d liu hn l nhng dy thng thng. tn dng nhng lnh ny, bn nn chuyn i d liu ca bn t mt dy bnh thng thnh mt Table. Gi s ti c mt bng tnh nh sau:
Hnh 144 Bng tnh vi dy d liu bnh thng
y l cc bc chuyn i dy d liu ang c sn tr thnh mt Table: 1. Nhp vo bt k no trong dy m bn mun chuyn i thnh mt Table. 2. Bn c hai la chn: to mt Table vi nhng nh dng mc nh, bn chn Insert Tables Table (hoc nhn Ctrl+T). Excel s hin th hp thoi Create Table.
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to mt Table vi nhng nh dng do bn ch nh, chn Home Style Format as Table ri chn mt kiu Table trong danh sch m ra . Excel s hin th hp thoi Format As Table.
Hnh 145 Chuyn i d liu thnh Table bng lnh Format as Table
3. Trong hp thoi m ra, thng th trong khung Where is the data for your Table? trnh by sn ta chnh xc ca dy m bn mun chuyn thnh Table . Nu khng, bn c th nhp ta ca dy vo, hoc dng chut qut chn dy trn trang tnh. 4. Nu dy ca bn c cc tiu ct trn hng trn dng (thng l c), v bn mun dng li nhng tiu ny lm cc FieldName cho Table, bn hy nh du vo ty chn My Table Has Headers.
Hnh 146
223
5. Nhn OK. Dy d liu ca bn s chuyn thnh mt Table.
Hnh 147 D liu sau khi chuyn thnh mt Table Trn Ribbon xut hin Table Tools vi Tab Design
Khi bn chuyn i mt dy thnh mt Table, Excel s c bn thay i nh sau: 1. nh dng cc trong Table. 2. Thm cc mi tn dropdown (nh khi bn chn AutoFilter) vo mi FieldName. 3. Trn thanh Ribbon, bn thy c thm mt Tab Design nm bn di Table Tools mi khi bn chn bt k mt no trong Table.
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4. Vi mt dy d liu thng thng, khi bn mun lun thy c dng tiu , bn phi s dng chc nng Freeze Panes cho dng ny (*). Nhng khi chuyn dy d liu thnh Table, bn s lun lun thy dng tiu : khi bn cun mn hnh xung di che lp dng tiu ca Table, Excel s hin th cc FieldName thay cho cc tiu ct ca bng tnh:
Hnh 148 Excel hin th cc FieldName thay cho cc tiu ct
chuyn i mt Table tr li thnh mt dy bnh thng, bn chn mt bt k trong Table, ri chn Convert to Range trong Tab Design ca Table Tools.
Chn mt Record (dng) Di chuyn con tr chut sang mp phi ca ct cui cng bn tri trong hng m bn mun chn (con tr s i thnh mt mi tn hng sang phi) v nhn chut. Bn cng c th nhn Shift+Space chn ton b Record ang cha hin hnh. Chn mt Field (ct) Di chuyn con tr chut n mp trn cng ca tiu ct (con tr s i thnh
(*)
Xem: C nh dng tiu , trang 45.

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mt mi tn hng xung). Nhn mt ci ch chn d liu trong Field; nhn thm mt ln na thm FieldName vo vng chn. Bn cng c th nhn Ctrl+Space chn ton b Field ang cha hin hnh, nhn Ctrl+Space thm mt ln na thm FieldName vo vng chn. Chn ton b Table Di chuyn con tr chut n gc trn cng bn tri ca Table (con tr s i thnh mt mi tn hng xung v nghing sang phi) ri nhn chut. Bn cng c th chn bt k no trong Table ri nhn Ctrl+A chn ton b Table. Thm mt Record (dng) mi vo cui mt Table Chn bt k no dng cui cng ca Table, nhp d liu vo v nhn Enter. Chc nng AutoExpansion ca Excel 2007 t ng m rng Table cha thm hng mi. Excel cng s t ng thm mt dng mi vo Table nu bn ng cui cng trong dng cui cng ca Table m nhn phm Tab (hoc chn Home Cells Insert Insert Table Row Below). Thm mt Record (dng) mi vo bt k ni no trong Table Chn bt k no trong dng nm di dng m bn mun thm mt dng mi vo, right-click ri chn lnh Insert / Table Row Above (hoc chn Home Cells Insert Insert Table Row Above). Excel s thm mt dng mi vo trn dng ang cha hin hnh. Thm mt Field (ct) mi vo bn phi ca Table Chn bt k no ct ngay st bn phi ca Table,
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nhp d liu vo v nhn Enter. Chc nng AutoExpansion ca Excel 2007 t ng m rng Table cha thm Field mi. Bn cng c th ng ti mt no nm trong ct cui cng ca Table, right-click ri chn lnh Insert / Table Column to the Right (hoc chn Home Cells Insert Insert Table Column to the Right) chn thm mt ct mi vo bn phi ca Table. Thm mt Field (ct) mi vo bt k ni no trong Table Chn bt k no trong ct bn phi ca ct m bn mun chn thm mt ct mi vo, rightclick ri chn lnh Insert / Table Column to the Left (hoc chn Home Cells Insert Insert Table Column to the Left). Excel s thm mt ct mi vo bn tri ct ang cha hin hnh. Xa mt Record (dng) Chn bt k no trong dng m bn mun xa, right-click ri chn Delete / Table Rows (hoc chn Home Cells Delete Delete Table Rows). Xa mt Field (ct) Chn bt k no trong ct m bn mun xa, right-click ri chn Delete / Table Columns (hoc chn Home Cells Delete Delete Table Columns). Hin th cc thng k ca Table xem nhng thng k cho mt hoc nhiu Field, bn nhn vo bn trong Table, ri chn Table Tools Design Table Style Options Total Row .
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Hnh 149 Kch hot Total Row c dng Total trong Table
Excel s thm mt dng Total vo di cng ca Table. Mi trong dng Total ny c mt dropdown, bn hy nhn vo chn hm m bn mun dng cho Field . Nu danh sch c sn trong dropdown ny khng c hm bn mun, hy nhn chn mc More Functions... Ca s Insert Function s m ra cho bn chn hm m bn mun dng thng k cc d liu trong Field.
Hnh 150 Chn hm dng cho dng Total t dropdown
nh dng Table Excel c mt s mu nh dng Table m bn c th p dng vi vi ci nhn chut. Nhn vo bn trong Table, chn Tab Design, ri chn mt kiu nh dng trong th vin Table Styles. Bn cng c th s dng nhng hp kim trong nhm Table Style Options thm bt nhng ty chn nh dng, bao gm c Banded Rows v Banded Columns. nh li kch thc Table nh li kch thc Table c ngha l iu chnh v tr ca nm gc
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di cng bn phi ca Table: di chuyn ny xung thm Record (hng); di chuyn sang phi thm Field (ct); di chuyn ln trn b bt Record (nhng d liu phi cn nguyn vn); di chuyn sang tri b bt Field (nhng d liu cng phi cn nguyn vn). Cch d nht lm vic ny l nhn v r ci nt nh c (resize handle) xut hin di cng bn phi ca Table. Bn cng c th nhn vo bn trong bng ri chn Table Tools Design Properties Resize Table. Nhp trc tip tham chiu mi hoc dng chut qut chn dy mi vo hp thoi Rezise Table m rng hoc thu nh Table. i tn mt Table Trong cc bi sau, bn s thy Excel 2007 cho php bn tham chiu trc tip n cc phn t trong Table. Phn ln cc ln tham chiu c bao gm tn ca Table, do bn nn t cho Table ca bn ci tn c ngha v duy nht. Mc nh, Excel s t tn cho Table theo th t m bn to ra n. i tn mt Table, bn nhn vo bn trong Table, chn Tab Design, nhp tn mi vo khung Table Name ri nhn Enter.
Hnh 151 Sa tn mt Table ngay trn Ribbon www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Mt trong nhng vic m chng ta hy lm vi nhng bng d liu l sp xp li cc thng tin, theo th t ABC hay theo s (t nh ti ln)... Khi chuyn i d liu thnh mt Table, bn c th sp xp d liu theo bt k Field no, thm ch bn c th sp xp theo nhiu Field.
sp xp nhanh mt Table, trc ht bn chn mt trong Field m bn mun dng lm tiu ch sp xp Table, sau , bn c th s dng mt trong hai cch sau y : Chn Tab Data trn Ribbon, v s dng cc nt lnh nm bn tri ca nhm Sort & Filter. Nhn vo cng c dropdown FieldName, ty vo loi d liu trong Field m cp lnh sp xp nm trn cng s c nhng tn khc nhau, nhng chc nng ca chng vn l sp xp t nh n ln, hoc t ln n nh. sp xp Table theo th t tng dn, bn chn Sort A to Z (hoc Sort Smallest to Largest nu Field cha d liu kiu s, hoc Sort Oldest to Newest nu Field cha d liu kiu ngy thng). sp xp Table theo th t gim dn, bn chn Sort Z to A (hoc Sort Largest to Smallest nu Field cha d liu kiu s, hoc Sort Newest to Oldest nu Field cha d liu kiu ngy thng). Bn c th bit mnh sp xp d liu trong Table theo Field no, bng cch nhn vo nhng ci dropdown bn
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cnh cc FieldName, n s c mt biu tng mi tn ngay bn cnh.
Hnh 152 Nhng nt lnh dng sp xp d liu
Excel sp xp d liu trong Table nh th no cn ty thuc vo loi d liu trong cc Field. Sau y l cch m Excel s s dng sp xp theo th t tng dn (vi trng hp sp xp theo th t gim dn, bn ch vic tnh ngc li): Cc gi tr s: T s m ln nht n s dng ln nht. Cc k t hoc ch: Theo th t sau y:
Space !"#$%&' ()*+,-./0 9 :;<=>?@
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A Z ^ _ { } ~
Cc gi tr logical: FALSE ri mi n TRUE. Cc gi tr li: u nh nhau. Cc rng: lun lun sp xp sau cng (tng dn cng nh gim dn)
Excel cho php chng ra sp xp mt bng d liu theo nhiu tiu ch, tc l theo nhiu ct khc nhau. Bn theo cc bc sau: 1. Chn mt bn trong Table. 2. Chn Data Sort & Filter Sort. Excel s hin th hp thoi Sort, vi 3 thnh phn chnh m bn cn quan tm l Column, Sort on v Order.
Hnh 153 Dng hp thoi Sort sp xp d liu theo nhiu tiu ch
3. Dng danh sch cc Field trong mc Column chn Field m bn mun dng lm tiu ch sp xp ton b d liu trong Table. Trong trng hp bn sp xp mt dy d liu n thun ch khng phi l mt
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Table, th trong mc Column ny s l tn cc ct ch khng phi l cc FieldName. 4. Mc nh th Excel s sp xp theo gi tr ca Field m bn va chn, tuy nhin Excel 2007 cn cho php bn sp xp theo mu ca , theo mu ca font ch, hoc theo cc biu tng trong . Mun sp xp theo loi no, bn chn loi trong Sort on. 5. Chn kiu sp xp (tng dn hay gim dn) trong Order. 6. Nu bn mun sp xp d liu theo nhiu hn mt Field, bn nhn Add Level. Excel s thm mt tiu ch sp xp cho bn. Thc hin li cc bc 3, 4 v 5. 7. Nhn OK sau khi chn y cc tiu ch sp xp d liu trong Table. Vi Excel 2003, bn c th chn ti a tiu ch sp xp cho mt dy d liu; nhng vi Excel 2007, bn c th chn n 64 tiu ch, hay ni cch khc, bn c th dng n 64 cp sp xp d liu trong Excel 2007. Hy cn thn khi bn sp xp nhng Record (hng) c cha cng thc trong Table. Nu cc cng thc dng loi a ch tng i tham chiu n nhng ngoi Table, s sp xp c th lm thay i cc tham chiu v dn kt nhng kt qu sai. Nu cng thc trong Table ca bn c tham chiu n nhng ngoi Table, hy chc chn bn s dng loi a ch tuyt i. Trong hp thoi Sort cn mt nt lnh na l nt Option. Bn c thm nhng la chn sau y khi nhn vo : Case Sensitive Dng yu cu Excel phn bit s khc nhau gia ch thng v ch hoa khi sp xp.
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Mc nh, trong mt sp xp tng dn, nhng ch thng lun lun c sp xp trc nhng ch hoa. Orientation Bnh thng, Excel
Hnh 154 sp xp d liu theo tng dng t trn xung di (ty chn Sort Top to Bottom). sp xp theo ct (t tri sang phi), bn chn mc Sort Left to Right.
Khi lm vic vi nhng dy d liu ln, bn s thng phi tm kim v trch xut ra mt loi d liu no . Vic sp xp m ti va trnh by trn c th gip bn tm nhanh hn c mt cht, nhng nhng d liu m bn khng cn n th vn cn y trn mn hnh. Khi bn mun Excel ch hin th nhng d liu m bn cn ln mn hnh m thi, th bn nn ngh n vic lc (filter) d liu ca bn, v phn ny s cung cp cho bn mt vi k thut thc hin n.
Tnh nng AutoFilter ca Excel gip cho vic lc cc tp hp d liu con trong d liu ca bn tr nn d dng nh khi bn chn mt ty chn t mt danh sch x xung (dropdown list). Khi bn chuyn mt dy d liu thnh mt Table, Excel t ng bt chc nng AutoFilter, v l l do ti sao bn thy nhng ci mi tn x xung nm trong nhng tiu
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ct ca Table (bn c th tt hoc bt n bng cch chn Data Sort & Filter Filter, hoc nhn Ctrl+Shift+L). Khi bn nhn vo mt trong nhng ci dropdown ny, Excel s hin th ra mt bng gm nhng Record c trong Field, v t ng lc nhng d liu trng .
Hnh 155 Cng c AutoFilter dng lc nhanh mt danh sch
C hai cch m bn c th dng lc nhanh mt danh sch vi cng c AutoFilter ny: Hy chn checkbox ca mt mc no n mc trong Table. Hy chn checkbox Select All, s hy chn tt c cc check-box, v ri nhn chn checkbox ca nhng mc m bn mun thy trong Table. Vi Excel 2007, bn s rt d dng khi cn phi lc mt bng d liu theo thi gian. Khi nhn vo mt dropdown ca mt Field cha nhng gi tr thi gian, bn s thy Excel 2007 t ng phn loi d liu trong Field theo nm,
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trong mi nm li phn loi theo thng v mi thng cng c phn loi theo ngy. iu ny gip cho bn khng ch lc ra d liu theo mt ngy c th no , m cn c th lc theo cc thng trong nm, hoc theo tng nm mt cch nhanh chng. y l 3 iu bn cn bit vi nhng Table c p dng AutoFilter: 1. Excel nhc cho bn bit rng Table c lc theo mt Field no bng cch thm mt biu tng hnh ci phu vo trong dropdown bn cnh FieldName. 2. Khi bn r con chut vo dropdown ca Field c p dng AutoFilter, Excel s hin th mt ci banner ch cho bn bit Field ny c lc theo tiu chun g.
Hnh 156 Excel hin th mt banner cho bit ct Nm Sinh lc ra nhng ngi sinh nm 1999 v 1998
3. Ngay sau khi bn p dng AutoFilter cho mt Field, Excel s hin th mt thng bo trong Status bar cho bn bit s nhng d liu m n lc c.
Khi s dng AutoFilter vi Excel 2003, chc bn cn nh c mt mc tn l Custom trong danh sch x xung, dng ty bin cc tiu chun lc bng hp thoi Custom AutoFilter.
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Excel 2007 vn gi ty chn ny, nhng n t ng nhn din loi d liu m bn c trong Field v a ra danh sch nhng b lc nhanh cho bn chn trc khi m hp thoi Custom AutoFilter. Ty thuc vo loi d liu c trong Field, bn s thy mt trong cc ty chn ny khi nhn vo dropdown bn cnh FieldName: Text Filters Ty chn ny xut hin khi bn ang lm vic vi mt Field cha nhng d liu text, bao gm nhng b lc nhanh sau y: - Equals: lc ra nhng d liu ging mt t no - Does Not Equal: lc ra nhng d liu khng ging mt t no - Begins With: lc ra nhng d liu bt u bi mt t no - Ends With: lc ra nhng d liu kt thc vi mt t no - Contains: lc ra nhng d liu cha mt t no - Does Not Contain: lc ra nhng d liu khng cha mt t no Number Filters Ty chn ny xut hin khi bn lm vic vi mt Field cha nhng d liu s, bao gm nhng b lc nhanh sau y: - Equals: lc ra nhng d liu bng mt gi tr no - Does Not Equal: lc ra nhng d liu khng bng mt gi tr no - Greater Than: lc ra nhng d liu ln hn mt gi tr no - Less Than: lc ra nhng d liu nh hn mt gi tr no - Between: gia hai gi tr no
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- Top 10: lc ra 10 d liu c gi tr cao nht - Above Average: lc ra nhng d liu ln hn gi tr trung bnh - Below Average: lc ra nhng d liu nh hn gi tr trung bnh Date Filters Ty chn xut hin khi bn lm vic vi mt Field cha nhng d liu ngy thng. y c sn rt nhiu b lc nhanh, gip bn nhanh chng lc ra nhng d liu mnh cn khng ch theo ngy, theo thng, m thm ch cn theo tun, theo qu... Danh sch ny nhiu nhng khng n ni kh hiu lm, nn ti ch trnh by hnh sau y:
Hnh 157 Nhng b lc nhanh cho Field cha gi tr ngy thng
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Mt s b lc nhanh s cho kt qu ngay tc khc. Nhng cng c mt s b lc, khi bn nhn chn n (hoc khi bn nhn vo lnh Custom Filter nm cui danh sch ca mi b lc nhanh), Excel s hin th mt hp thoi Custom AutoFilter. Mt v d cho Custom AutoFilter c minh ha hnh 158.
Hnh 158 Hp thoi Custom AutoFilter
Bn s dng hai danh sch x xung nm ngang pha trn thit lp cho phn u tin ca iu kin. Danh sch bn tri cha mt danh sch cc ton t so snh ca Excel (nh l Equals, Is Greater Than...). Khung bn phi l mt combo cho php bn chn mt Record t Field ang c p dng AutoFilter, hoc bn cng c th t nhp mt gi tr vo . V d, bn mun hin th nhng ha n vi s tin thanh ton nh hn $1,000, bn chn ton t Is Less Than (nh hn) v nhp 1000 vo khung bn phi. Vi nhng Field cha text, bn c th dng nhng k t i din thay th cho mt hoc nhiu k t. Dng du chm hi (?) thay th cho mt k t n (v d, nhp L?n, thay th cho Lan, Len...); dng du sao (*) thay th cho mt nhm k t (v d, nhp H*ng thay th cho Hng, Hong, Hng...)
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Bn c th to nhng iu kin lc phc tp hn bng cch nhn vo mt trong ty chn And hoc Or v ri nhp thm mt tiu chun lc khc trong hai bng x xung hng di. S dng And khi bn mun lc ra nhng d liu tha mn c hai iu kin; s dng Or khi bn mun lc ra nhng d liu tha mn t nht mt trong hai iu kin.
Khi bn cn hin th li ton b hoc mt phn d liu trong mt Table c lc, bn c th s dng mt trong nhng cch sau y: hin th ton b d liu trong Table v g b cc dropdown cc FieldName, chn Data Sort & Filter Filter. hin th ton b d liu trong Table v nhng vn li dropdown cc FieldName, chn Data Sort & Filter Clear. g b mt b lc khi mt Field no , bn nhn vo dropdown ca Field v chn Clear Filter From...
Chc nng AutoFilter gii quyt c hu ht nhng nhu cu lc, nhng n khng c thit k cho nhng tiu chn lc phc tp. V d, AutoFilter khng th lc ra nhng d liu nh: - Gi tr ca nhng ha n ln hn $100, nh hn $1,000, hoc ln hn $10,000. - Nhng s ti khon bt u bng 01, 05 hoc 12.
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- Cc ngy tr hn thanh ton ln hn mt ngy cho trc mt no . lc d liu trong Table vi nhng tiu chun phc tp nh trn, bn phi s dng chc nng Advanced Filter. Thit lp mt dy tiu chun (Criteria range)
Advanced Filter i hi bn phi thit lp cho n mt dy
tiu chun (Criteria range), tc l mt dy cc cha nhng iu kin lc, n s cn c vo m thc hin. Bn c th t Criteria range u cng c, min l bn ngoi Table. Nhng thng th bn nn ngay pha trn Table, bao gm mt vi hoc tt c cc FieldName ca Table, vi t nht mt dng trng ngay bn di n. V d, hnh sau y, ti s dng dy A1:H2 lm Criteria range cho Table bn di.
Hnh 159 S dng dy A1:H2 lm Criteria range cho Table bn di www.giaiphapexcel.com
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Chng ta s nhp nhng iu kin lc ngay bn di nhng tiu tng ng vi cc FieldName trong Table, v Excel s tm trong cc Field tng ng ca Table nhng d liu c gi tr ph hp vi nhng iu kin ny lc ra. Criteria range c th c nhiu hn 2 hng. Ngoi tr hng u tin dng cha cc tiu cho cc iu kin lc, bn c th s dng bao nhiu dng cha cc iu kin bn di cng c. Cc tiu trong Criteria range khng nht thit phi l duy nht. Bn c th s dng nhiu tiu c cng mt tn (min l tn phi l mt FieldName ca Table cn lc).
Advanced Filter c 2 u im so vi AutoFilter:
Bng cch s dng nhiu hng hoc nhiu ct cho mt Field n, bn c th to ra nhiu iu kin phc tp cho vic lc. Bi v bn nhp iu kin lc trong cc , do bn c th s dng cc cng thc to ra nhng iu kin phc tp cho vic lc. Lc d liu mt Table vi Criteria range Sau khi bn thit lp mt Criteria range, bn c th dng n lc d liu trong Table, vi nhng bc c bn nh sau: 1. Bn khng cn phi sao chp ton b cc FieldName lm tiu ct cho Criteria range, m ch cn sao chp FieldName ca nhng Field m bn mun p dng cc iu kin lc. Nu bn thay i mt FieldName, bn cng phi thay i c tiu ct tng ng trong Criteria range. Do , thay v sao chp, bn c th lm cho cc tiu
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ct trong Criteria range t ng thay i khi bn thay i cc FieldName, bng cch s dng mt cng thc xc lp cho tiu ct trong Criteria range lun ging nh FieldName tng ng ca n trong Table. V d, bn c th nhp cng thc =B4 trong B1 .
Hnh 160
2. Bn di tiu ct ca Criteria range, nhp tiu chun lc m bn mun s dng. V d, bng tnh trn y, ti nhp <=1000 vo E2 v =>0 vo H2. 3. Chn Data Sort & Filter Advanced, Excel s hin th hp thoi Advanced Filter : 4. V bn chn mt trong Table, nn List Range s c sn a ch ca Table. Trong trng
Hnh 161 hp bn qun chn mt trong Table, bn hy nhn chut vo List Range ri sau qut chn Table (bao gm c cc FieldName). www.giaiphapexcel.com
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5. Nhp a ch ca Criteria range m bn to, hoc c th dng chut qut chn dy ngoi bng tnh. 6. Nu bn khng mun lc nhng d liu trng nhau, nh du chn vo hp kim Unique Records Only. 7. Nhn OK. Excel s lc Table v ch hin th nhng Record ph hp vi iu kin ca bn. V d, vi nhng iu kin nh hnh 150, bng tnh ca ti s c lc ch cn nhng d liu nh sau :
Hnh 162 Bng tnh hnh 150 sau khi s dng Advanced Filter
Nhp iu kin cho Criteria range Khi nu cc iu kin cho Advanced Filter trong Criteria range, bn cn lu cc iu sau y: Cc iu kin lc, tr trng hp dng cng thc, s s dng cc ton t so snh nh: =, >, <, >=, <=, <>. Cc iu kin c th s dng php th logic OR v AND. nu cc iu kin OR, bn xp chng theo chiu dc (iu kin ny nm trn iu kin kia); cn nu cc iu kin AND, bn xp chng theo chiu ngang (cc iu kin nm cng trong mt dng).
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Trong trng hp bn s dng iu kin AND cho cng mt Field, bn phi dng 2 ct (tr ln) c cng tiu l FieldName ca Field . Sau y l mt s v d v cch t iu kin trong Criteria range, m ti s s dng lc d liu cho Table hnh 147 , v ti ch in vo dng tiu ca Criteria range nhng FieldName m ti thy cn thit. 1. Lc nhng ha n c tr gi ln hn $10,000 hoc nh hn $1,000:
Hnh 163
2. Lc nhng ha n cha n hn thanh ton (gi s hm nay l ngy 07/7/2010) hoc c tr gi nh hn $100:
Hnh 164
3. Lc nhng ha n c tr gi ln hn $10,000 v cha thanh ton (s ngy tr hn ln hn 0):
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4. Lc nhng ha n c tr gi t $1,000 n $5,000:
Hnh 166
5. Lc nhng ha n c tr gi nh hn $500, hoc nhng ha n c tr gi ln hn $10,000 ca nhng ngi trong tui t 20 n 40 tui (gi s nm nay l nm 2010):
Hnh 167
6. Lc nhng ha n c tr gi nh hn $500 hoc ln hn $10,000 ca nhng ngi trong tui t 20 n 40 tui (gi s nm nay l nm 2010):
Hnh 168
Bn nn xem k v d 5 v 6, c thong qua cc yu cu th c v chng ging nhau, nhng thc ra chng khc nhau hon ton, v do cch t iu kin theo nhng yu cu cng khc nhau.
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S dng cng thc lm iu kin lc Cc tiu cho cc ct trong Criteria range khng b gii hn bi cc Field trong Table. Bn c th to cc iu kin lc bng cch dng mt cng thc ph hp vi cc Record trong Table. Cng thc ny c th tham chiu n mt hoc nhiu Field trong Table v c nhng bn ngoi Table, min sao kt qu ca cng thc tr v hoc l TRUE hoc l FALSE. V Excel s lc ra nhng Record tr v TRUE. s dng cng thc lm iu kin lc, bn cn bit nhng iu sau y: Bn c th dng bt k ct no trong Criteria range nhp cng thc s dng lm iu kin, nhng phi chc chn rng ci tiu bn t cho ct mi ny khng ging vi bt k tn FieldName no ca Table (cch hay nht l b trng tiu ct). Cng thc dng lm iu kin phi tr v mt trong hai gi tr: TRUE hoc FALSE. Cng thc ch c tham chiu n cc dng u tin ca Table. Nu bn c s dng tham chiu n nhng bn ngoi Table, bn phi dng a ch tuyt i cho cc tham chiu ny. V d, vi Table hnh 147 , lc ra nhng ha n thanh ton tin sau ngy qu hn, ti s s dng B3 nhp iu kin bng cng thc sau y: =IF(ISBLANK(G6), FALSE(), G6>F6) Excel s hc ra cho ti 2 Record tha mn iu kin .
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Hnh 169
Mt v d khc, cng vn Table hnh 147 , ti mun lc ra nhng ha n c tr gi ln hn mc trung bnh m qu hn thanh ton, ti s s dng hai iu kin nh sau (mt iu kin bng ton t v mt iu kin bng cng thc):
Hnh 170
Trong hnh trn, cng thc B2 l: = E6>AVERAGE(Table1[S tin]) N c ngha l gi tr ca E6, i din cho Field S tin, phi ln hn trung bnh cng ca c Field ny. Ti s trnh by loi tham chiu ny trong phn Cc tham chiu Table trong cng thc .
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Sao chp d liu lc ra mt ni khc

Advanced Filter cho php bn sao chp nhng d liu lc
sang mt ni khc trong bng tnh, thay v hin th kt qu lc ngay trong Table. Bn theo nhng bc sau y: 1. Trc ht, bn cn chun b trc dy s cha nhng d liu lc, nhp vo (trong cng mt hng) FieldName ca nhng Field m bn cn sao chp d liu sau khi lc ca n. Excel s t ng t tn dy ny l Extract (bn s thy ci tn ny trong NameBox). Tuy nhin, nu bn s sao chp ra ton b d liu ca cc Field trong Table, bn c th b qua bc 1 ny. 2. Thit lp nhng iu kin lc vo Criteria range. 3. Chn Data Sort & Filter Advanced hin th hp thoi Advanced Filter. 4. nh du vo ty chn Copy to Another Location. 5. Nhp a ch ca Table v Criteria range vo, nu cn thit. 6. Dng chut nhp ni bn s dng cha d liu c lc ra vo hp Copy To, theo cc hng dn sau y: sao chp nhng d liu ca mt vi Field no m bn chn bc 1, bn dng chut qut chn dy Extract trn bng tnh. sao chp ton b Table, bn nhn chn mt n no , l ni s bt u cha nhng d liu c lc ra t Table.
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sao chp ch mt vi Record, bn hy qut chn mt dy c s hng bng s Record m bn mun hin th, v s ct bng s ct ca dy Extract hoc bng s ct ca Table. Nu s Record sau khi lc nhiu hn s dng bn va chn, Excel s hin mt thng bo hi bn c mun hin th c nhng d liu cn li hay khng. 7. Nhn OK. Excel s lc d liu trong Table v sao chp kt qu ti dy Extract m bn ch nh. V d, cng vi Table hnh 147 , ti s lc ra nhng ha n tr hn thanh ton, v sao chp kt qu sau khi lc ti mt ch khc, nhng ti ch cn bit h tn ca ngi ang n v s ha n m thi, ti s lm nh sau: u tin, ti chn hai J5 v K5, g cng thc =B5 vo J5 v cng thc =D5 vo K5 (mc ch l ly FieldName ca hai Field ny lm tiu ct cho dy Extract). xc nh iu kin lc, ti g cng thc =H5 vo H2, ri nhp ton t >0 vo trong H3.
Hnh 171
Tip theo, ti nhn chn mt trong Table, gi lnh Advanced t Tab Data. Trong hp thoi Advanced Filter, ti nhn chn ty chn Copy to another location, ri sau khi nhn chut vo Copy to, ti dng chut qut chn dy
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J5:K5. Khi hp thoi Advanced Filter s ging nh hnh
172:
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Nhn OK, Excel lc d liu trong Table v ti c danh sch h tn cng s ha n ca nhng ngi tr hn thanh ton:
Hnh 173
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v d ca hnh 160 , c l bn s thy cng thc B2 dng nhng tham chiu hi l. Loi tham chiu chnh l cc tham chiu Table. Trong Excel 2003, khi bn mun tham chiu n mt phn ca List trong cng thc, bn phi dng mt tham chiu hoc dy ch n vng List m bn mun dng trong cc tnh ton ca mnh. iu ny gp phi cng mt vn xy ra khi s dng cc tham chiu v dy trong cc cng thc thng thng: tham chiu thng lm cho cc cng thc kh c v kh hiu. Gii php vi mt cng thc thng thng l thay th nhng tham chiu v dy bng cc tn dy (*), nhng bn vn khng d dng s dng cc tn c nh ngha vi cc List trong Excel. Vi Excel 2007, nhng vn trn tr nn d dng, bi v Excel 2207 h tr nhng tham chiu c cu trc ca Table. Ngha l Excel 2007 cung cp sn mt tp hp nhng ci tn c nh ngha m sau y ti s gi l cc Specifiers cho tng phn t trong Table (d liu, tiu , v ton b Table), cng nh t ng to ra cc tn cho cc Field trong Table. Bn c th a nhng tn ny vo trong cng thc ca bn lm cho cng thc ca bn d c hn v d sa i hn.
Specifiers l nhng tn m Excel 2007 dng thay cho tham chiu n nhng phn t trong mt Table. Bng sau y s lit k tt c cc specifiers:
(*)
Xem: Lm vic vi cc tn dy trong cng thc, trang 156.

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#All
Ton b Table, bao gm c dng tiu v dng Total (nu c) D liu trong Table (cng l ton b Table nhng khng bao gm dng tiu v dng Total) Dng tiu ca Table Dng Total ca Table Mt dng trong Table, c dng a ch vi dng ang cha cng thc
#Data
#Headers #Totals #This Row
Hu ht cc tham chiu Table c bt u vi tn ca Table. Trong trng hp n gin nht, bn c th ch s dng chnh tn Table. V d, m tt c cc gi tr l s trong Table c tn l Table1, bn dng cng thc sau y: = COUNT(Table1) tham chiu n mt specifiers trong Table, bn phi t n trong mt cp du ngoc vung ([ ]) ngay sau tn ca Table. V d, cng thc sau y s cho bit gi tr ln nht trong mt Table c tn l Sales: = MAX(Sales[#Data]) Tuy nhin, nh ti va ni trn, do cng thc ny ch s dng mi tn ca Table, nn bn c th vit ngn gn nh sau: = MAX(Sales)
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Ngoi cc specifiers mc nh m ti lit k trong bng trn, Excel cn t ng to ra cc specifiers cho cc Field trong Table, vi cc FieldName l tn ca cc specifiers ny. V d, vi Table m ti dng lm v d trong sut chng ny (c tn l Table1), nu mun tnh tng tr gi cc ha n, ti c th dng cng thc: =SUM(Table1[S tin]) Nu bn mun tham chiu n mt Record c th trong mt Table, bn phi xc nh dng v Field ca Record m bn mun lm vic vi n, vi c php chung nh sau:
Table[[Row],[Field]]
Trong , Table l tn ca Table, Row l mt specifier ca dng v Field l mt specifier ca Field. i vi specifier ca dng, bn c hai la chn: dng ang cha cng thc (#This Row) v dng Total (#Totals). V d, tnh ra s ngy tr hn thanh ton trong Table1 ti s ly ngy hin hnh tr i ngy n hn (d nhin l ch xt nhng ha n qu ngy thanh ton m cha thanh ton): - c ngy hin hnh, ti dng hm TODAY() - bit ha n ny ti ngy thanh ton cha, ti s kim tra Record Field Ngy n hn, nu gi tr ngy ca Record ny m nh hn ngy hin hnh th qu ngy thanh ton, bng biu thc:
Table1[[#This Row], [Ngy n hn]] < TODAY()
- bit ha n ny c thanh ton cha, ti s kim tra Record Field Ngy thanh ton, nu Record rng ngha l cha thanh ton, bng biu thc:
Table1[[#This Row], [Ngy thanh ton]]=""
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- tnh s ngy qu hn, ti s ly ngy hin hnh tr i ngy n hn:

TODAY() Table1[[#This Row], [Ngy n hn]]
- By gi, ti s dng hm IF xem xt: Nu nh biu thc v u ng, ngha l ha n ny qu ngy thanh ton m cha thanh ton, th s p dng biu thc tnh s ngy qu hn; cn khng th khng tnh. V ti c cng thc nh sau:
= IF(AND(Table1[[#This Row], [Ngy n hn]] < TODAY(), Table1[[#This Row], [Ngy thanh ton]]=""), TODAY() Table1[[#This Row], [Ngy n hn]], 0)
Cng thc trn tng ng vi cng thc sau y nu khng s dng tham chiu Table:
= IF(AND(F6<TODAY(),G6=""), TODAY() F6, 0)
Tuy nhin, nu bn l ch nhn ca Table1, ngha l bn bit r trong Table c nhng Field no, bn s nhp ci cng thc di kia rt nhanh, nh tnh nng AutoComplet ca Excel 2007 m ti s trnh by phn tip theo y.
Khi bn to cc cng thc s dng loi tham chiu Table, Excel s cung cp mt vi cng c lm cho vic nhp tr nn d dng, nhanh chng v chnh xc. u tin, bn hy nh rng tn ca Table cng nh cc FieldName trong Table l mt phn ca tnh nng AutoComplete ca Excel 2007. C ngha l sau khi bn g mt vi k t u tin ca mt tn Table, bn s thy ci tn ny trong danh sch AutoComplete, bn ch cn chn ri nhn phm Tab thm tn Table vo trong cng thc ca
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mnh. Khi bn g thm mt du ngoc vung m, Excel s hin th mt danh sch cc specifier c trong Table. Nh bn thy hnh 174, vi mc u tin l cc tn Field, cn nhng ci di l cc specifier c sn. Bn chn mc cn thm vo cng thc ri nhn Tab, v c th... hu nh bn khng cn g g ht ngoi nhng tn hm v cc du ng m ngoc vung, ngoc n.
Hnh 174 S dng tnh nng Autocomplet nhp nhanh cng thc s dng tham chiu Table
Th hai, Excel 2007 h tr vic t ng tnh ton cc Field trong Table. Bn ch cn nhp cng thc cho u tin ca Filed, ri nhn Enter, Excel t ng in cng thc xung cc cn li trong Field (m bn khng cn phi dng FillHandle ko hoc mt thao tc copy no khc nh khi nhp cng thc vo mt dy khng phi l mt Field trong mt Table); v ng thi, Excel cng hin th mt du hiu AutoCorrect Options, cho php bn o ngc li vic tnh ton, nu mun.
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9
Phn tch d liu vi Conditional Formatting
i khi bn phi phn tch mt bng tnh cha hng trm, thm ch hng nghn d liu. Cng vic ca bn l tr li nhng cu hi nh: no cha gi tr nh hn 0?, 10 gi tr ln nht (top 10) l g?, hoc no cha cc gi tr trn trung bnh v no cha cc gi tr di trung bnh?, v.v... Nhng cu hi tng nh n gin ny tht tnh khng d tr li cht no nu ch xem lt qua bng tnh, v bng tnh cng nhiu d liu, th cu tr li cng kh. Ngoi vic s dng chc nng lc d liu m ti trnh by chng 8, Excel cung cp cho bn cng c Conditional Forrmating, l cng c nh dng c iu kin vo cc dy , y l mt kiu nh dng c bit, Excel ch p dng nh dng cho nhng tha mn mt vi iu
Chng 9 Phn tch d liu vi Conditional Formatting
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kin no . V d, bn c th cho hin th cc gi tr m bng mt font mu ... Nh cng c ny, bn c th nhanh chng tm ra cu tr li cho nhng cu hi trn, m khng cn phi sp xp li d liu hay lc d liu. Cng c ny c trong Excel 2003, tuy nhin, bn ch c th p dng mt vi loi nh dng c iu kin nh thay i font ch, p dng ng vin, hoc gn mt mu nn. Bn cng ch c mt vi ty chn to cc iu kin: nh hn (less than), bng vi (equal to), gia (between), v.v... Trong Excel 2007, Microsoft thay i hon ton cng c nh dng c iu kin nhm lm cho n d s dng hn v mnh m hn. Ngoi nhng la chn nh dng, bao gm kh nng p dng nh dng s v hiu ng t mu gradient, bn c thm nhiu ty chn khc thit lp cc iu kin m Excel 2007 gi l cc quy tc (rules), v d nh cc trn cng hoc di cng trong dy, cc trn hoc di trung bnh, cc c gi tr duy nht hay trng lp, v.v... Excel 2007 cng cho php bn phn tch nhanh d liu bng nhng tnh nng c bit nh cc thanh d liu (data bars), cc thang mu (color scales) v dng cc biu tng (icon sets), gip bn ch cn nhn lt qua cng thy c nhng trong dy c lin quan vi nhau nh th no.
Quy tc Highlight Cells (nh du cho ) l quy tc p dng mt kiu nh dng vo nhng tha mn mt vi iu kin nht nh no . Quy tc ny tng t nh tnh nng nh dng c iu kin ca Excel 2003, v Excel 2007 ch b sung thm mt vi c im mi.
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to mt quy tc nh du cho , trc ht bn hy chn dy m bn mun p dng quy tc, sau nhn Chn
Home Styles Conditional Formatting Highlight Cells Rules. Excel cung cp cho bn by la chn sau y:
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Greater Than Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c gi tr ln hn gi tr m bn ch nh. Less Than Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c gi tr nh hn gi tr m bn ch nh. Between Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c gi tr nm gia hai gi tr m bn ch nh. Equal To Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c gi tr bng vi gi tr m bn ch nh. Text that Contains Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc cha mt gi tr vn bn (text value) c cha nhng ch m bn ch nh (khng phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng).
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A Date Occurring Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc cha mt gi tr ngy thng tha mn nhng iu kin m bn ch nh: Yesterday (hm qua), Today (hm nay), Tomorrow (ngy mai), In the Last 7 Days (trong vng 7 ngy va qua), Next Week (tun sau), v.v... Duplicate Values Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c cha nhng gi tr xut hin nhiu hn mt ln trong dy. Trong mi trng hp, Excel s m ra mt hp thoi ph hp vi quy tc m bn mun p dng. V d, hnh 166 minh ha hp thoi khi bn chn quy tc l Less Than, trong trng hp ny, ti s p dng quy tc nh dng cho nhng c gi tr nh hn 25%. khung bn phi l danh sch nhng mu nh dng c thit k sn, bn ty chn, hoc nu mun thit k mt mu nh dng ring, bn chn mc Custom Format... (nm di cng) ri t quy nh kiu nh dng theo mnh.
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Quy tc Top/Bottom (u bng / cui bng) l mt quy tc p dng mt kiu nh dng vo nhng c gi tr ln nht hoc nh nht trong mt dy d liu. Bn c th chn Top hoc Bottom nh mt gi tr tuyt i (v d, 10 gi tr ln nht) hoc nh mt gi tr phn trm (v d, 25% gi tr nh
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nht). Bn cng c th p dng quy tc nh dng cho nhng c gi tr l trn mc trung bnh hay di mc trung bnh. to mt quy tc Top/Bottom, trc ht bn hy chn dy m bn mun p dng quy tc, sau chn Home Styles Conditional Formatting Top/Bottom Rules. Excel s hin th su la chn sau:
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Top 10 Items Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c gi tr nm trong nhm X gi tr cao nht trong dy (xp hng theo gi tr) vi X l s cc top m bn mun xem (mc nh l 10). Top 10% Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c gi tr nm trong nhm X gi tr cao nht trong dy (xp hng theo t l phn trm), vi X l s phn trm ca gi tr cc "top" m bn mun xem (mc nh l 10).
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Bottom 10 Items Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c gi tr nm trong nhm X gi tr thp nht trong dy (xp hng theo gi tr), vi X l s cc "bottom" m bn mun xem (mc nh l 10). Bottom 10% Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho cc c gi tr nm trong nhm X gi tr cao nht trong dy (xp hng theo t l phn trm), vi X l s phn trm ca gi tr cc bottom m bn mun xem (mc nh l 10). Above Average Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho nhng cha gi tr cao hn gi tr trung bnh ca dy. Below Average Chn lnh ny p dng nh dng cho nhng cha gi tr thp hn gi tr trung bnh ca dy. Trong mi trng hp, Excel s m ra hp thoi ph hp vi quy tc m bn mun p dng. i vi cc quy tc Top 10 Items, Top 10%, Bottom 10 Items v Bottom 10%, bn s thy hp thoi bn xc nh cc iu kin v nh dng m bn mun p dng cho nhng tha mn iu kin. Cn vi quy tc Above Average v Below Average, hp thoi m ra ch c mi ci khung bn p dng nh dng.
p dng nh dng vo cc da vo quy tc Highlight Cells cho hoc quy tc Top/Bottom l mt cch tuyt vi lm cho cc gi tr no ni bt ln trong mt bng tnh y nhng con s. Tuy nhin, phi lm g nu bn quan tm mi lin h gia cc gi tr tng t trong mt bng tnh, v d, bn c mt bng sn phm, trong c
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cha mt ct trnh by doanh s ca tng sn phm, v bn mun so snh nhng doanh s ny so vi doanh s ca tt c cc sn phm khc? Bn c th to thm mt ct tnh ton t l phn trm ca doanh s ca tng sn phm so vi gi tr cao nht. iu ny c th c tc dng, nhng bn li phi nhp thm nhiu con s hn vo bng tnh, v n cha chc lm cho bng tnh tr nn r rng hn. C mt cch c th hnh dung s lin quan ca nhng gi tr trong mt dy vi nhau, l s dng Data Bars ca Conditional Formatting. Data Bars l cc thanh mu nm ngang, xut hin pha trc cc gi tr trong dy (chng gn ging nh mt loi biu nm ngang). c im chnh ca chng l chiu di ca Data Bars xut hin trong mi ph thuc vo gi tr trong mi : Gi tr cng ln, Data Bars cng di, c gi tr cao nht c Data Bars di nht, v cc Data Bars trong nhng khc c chiu di tng ng vi gi tr ca chng.
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p dng Data Bars vo dy c chn, bn chn Home Styles Conditional Formatting Data Bars, v chn mt mu m bn thch. Hoc nu bn mun p dng Data Bars theo la chn ring ca mnh, bn chn More Rules..., hp thoi New Formatting Rule s m ra . Bn hy ch n danh sch Type ca Shortest Bar v Longest Bar. Nhng Type ny s quyt nh cch m Excel p dng Data Bars. Bn c nm ty chn: Lowest/Highest Value y l loi Data Bars mc nh. Gi tr nh nht trong dy s c Data Bars ngn nht, v gi tr cao nht trong dy s c Data Bars di nht.
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Number S dng loi ny khi bn mun chiu di ca Data Bars ph thuc vo gi tr m bn nhp vo trong hp Value bn di: Bt k no trong dy c mt gi tr nh hn hoc bng gi tr m bn ch nh
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trong Value ca Shortest Bar s c Data Bars ngn nht; v tng t, bt k no trong dy c mt gi tr ln hn hoc bng gi tr m bn ch nh trong Value ca Longest Bar s c Data Bars di nht. Percent S dng loi ny khi bn mun chiu di ca Data Bars s ph thuc vo t l phn trm so vi gi tr ln nht trong dy. Bt k no trong dy c mt gi tr nh hn hoc bng t l phn trm m bn ch nh trong Value ca Shortest Bar s c Data Bars ngn nht. Bt k no trong dy c mt gi tr ln hn hoc bng t l phn trm m bn ch nh trong Value ca Longest Bar s c Data Bars di nht. Formula S dng loi ny khi bn mun chiu di ca Data Bar s ph thuc vo mt cng thc. Percentile S dng loi ny khi bn mun chiu di ca Data Bars s ph thuc vo phn v ca gi tr mi so vi ton b gi tr ca dy. Trng hp ny, Excel s sp xp (theo th hng) tt c cc gi tr trong dy v gn cho mi mt s th t. Bt k no trong dy c th t nh hn hoc bng phn v m bn ch nh trong Value ca Shortest Bar s c Data Bars ngn nht. Bt k no trong dy c th t ln hn hoc bng phn v m bn ch nh trong Value ca Longest Bar s c Data Bars di nht.
Khi phn tch d liu, nu c c mt ci nhn tng qut th bao gi cng tt hn. V d, bn mun bit mt iu g v ton b s phn b cc gi tr: C qu nhiu gi tr
265
thp trong khi ch c vi gi tr cao? Hu ht cc gi tr c gp li xung quanh gi tr trung bnh khng? C s chnh lch no khng, ngha l c qu nhiu gi tr cao hn hoc thp hn so vi hu ht nhng gi tr khc?... Bn c th phn tch d liu theo nhng cch ti va ni trn hoc s dng cc Color Scales (thang mu) ca Excel 2007. Color Scales tng t nh Data Bars ch n so snh cc gi tr lin quan vi nhau ca cc trong mt dy. Nhng thay v v cc thanh trong mi , bn s thy cc c t bng bng nhiu mu, mi mu t s phn nh gi tr ca d liu trong . V d, cc gi tr thp nht c th c t bng bng mu , nhng gi tr cao hn c t bng bng mu nht hn, ri n mu cam, vng, vng chanh, v sau cng l mu xanh l m cho nhng gi tr cao nht. S phn b mu sc trong dy gip bn hnh dung c s phn b gi tr trong cc , v s chnh lch s ni bt ln, v chng c t bng khc hn vi nhng phn cn li trong dy.
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p dng Color Scales vo dy c chn, bn chn Home Styles Conditional Formatting Color Scales, ri chn mt mu. Hoc nu bn mun p dng Color Scales theo la chn ring ca mnh, bn chn More Rules..., hp thoi New Formatting Rule s m ra . Trong nhm Edit the Rule Description, bn c th chn 2-Color Scale (t bng vi hai mu) hoc 3-Color Scale (t bng vi ba mu) trong danh sch Format Style. Nu bn chn 3-Color Scale, bn c th chn Type, Value, v Color cho ba tham s: Minimum (gi tr nh nht), Midpoint (gi tr trung bnh), v Maximum (gi tr ln nht). Cc ty chn trong danh sch Type ging nh ca Data Bars.
Hnh 181
Ging nh Data Bars v Color Scales, Icon Sets s dng cc biu tng hnh dung nhng s lin quan gia cc
267
gi tr ca cc trong mt dy. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ny, Excel thm mt biu tng c th vo mt trong dy v biu tng s cho bn bit gi tr ca c lin quan g vi phn cn li ca dy. V d, cc gi tr cao hn s c thm hnh mt mi tn hng xung, v cc gi tr gia c thm hnh mt mi tn nm ngang. p dng Icon Sets vo dy c chn, bn chn Home Styles Conditional Formatting Icon Sets, ri chn mt tp hp biu tng m bn mun.
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Cc ty chn ring cho vic p dng Icon Sets (More Rules...,) tng t nh cc ty chn m bn dng khi p dng Data Bar v Color Scales. Tuy nhin y bn cn xc nh loi v gi tr cho mi biu tng (cho d dy
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nhng biu tng thp nht lun lun c gi nh rng nh hn gii hn di ca dy biu tng thp th nh).
Ngoi nhng loi nh dng c iu kin c thit k sn, bn c th p dng nh dng c iu kin da vo kt qu ca mt cng thc. Bn c th thit lp mt cng thc logic nh l mt tiu chun ca nh dng c iu kin. Nu cng thc tr v TRUE, Ecxel p dng nh dng cho cc ; nu cng thc tr v FALSE, Excel khng p dng cc nh dng. Trong a s cc trng hp, chng ta s dng cc ton t so snh, hoc s dng hm IF, kt hp vi hm AND hoc OR. y l nhng bc c bn thit lp mt nh dng c iu kin da theo cng thc: 1. Chn nhng bn mun p dng nh dng c iu kin. 2. Nhn chn Home Styles Conditional Formatting New Rule... Excel s hin th hp thoi New Formatting Rule. 3. Nhn vo phn Use a Formula to Determine Which Cells to Format . 4. Nhp cng thc lun l ca bn trong khung Format Values Where This Formula Is True. 5. Nhn Format m hp thoi Format Cells, xc nh loi nh dng bn mun p dng. 6. Nhn OK (hai ln).
269
Hnh 183
V d, ti ly li bng tnh dng lm v d chng 8:
Hnh 184
Yu cu y l tm nhanh ra ha n no tr gi ln hn $3,000 qu hn thanh ton m cha thanh ton.

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chng 8, bn bit cch dng Advanced Filter lc ra d liu theo yu cu ny. y, ti s dng Conditional Formatting tm ra nhng ha n . Sau khi qut chn dy A2:H27, ti gi lnh Conditional Formatting, chn New Rule v chn Use a Formula to Determine Which Cells to Format trong hp thoi New Formatting Rules. Ti nhp vo Format Values Where This Formula Is True bn di cng thc sau: =AND($E2>3000, $F2<TODAY(), $H2>0) Cng thc ny s i tm nhng dng c S tin ln hn $3,000, ngy thanh ton nh hn ngy hm nay, v S ngy tr hn ln hn 0. Nu tha mn 3 iu kin , cng thc s tr v TRUE. Nhn nt Format..., ti chn loi t mu bng cho nhng dng tha mn cng thc trn. Ri nhn OK.
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Kt qu ti c c nh hnh 186, nhn vo bng tnh, ti bit ngay ha n no tr gi ln hn $3,000 qu hn thanh ton m cha thanh ton.
Hnh 186
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10
Phn tch d liu vi PivotTable
Cc Table hoc nhng dy cha d liu trong bng tnh c th cha hng trm, thm ch hng ngn record. Phn tch nhng d liu ny c th l mt cn c mng nu bn khng c cc cng c ph hp. gip bn phn tch nhng d liu ln, Excel c cung cp sn mt cng c phn tch d liu rt mnh gi l PivotTable. Cng c ny cho php bn tng hp hng trm record trong mt bng ngn gn. Sau bn c th x l kiu trnh by (layout) ca bng ny c nhng ci nhn khc nhau v d liu ca mnh. Nu i su vo chi tit vic xy dng v ty bin cc PivotTable, th phi nguyn mt cun sch dy bng cun ny mi c th cha ht. Trong chng ny, ti ch gii thiu vi bn cc PivotTable, cch s dng chng vi d liu ca ring bn, cng nh trnh by nhng vic m bn c th thc hin vi nhng php tnh PivotTable.
Chng 10 Phn tch d liu vi PivotTable
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PivotTable l mt cng c ca Excel dng tng hp v phn tch d liu vi nhiu gc v nhiu cp khc nhau. Trc khi tm hiu PivotTable l g, c l ti nn ni qua v vic phn tch d liu. Mc n gin nht ca vic phn tch d liu l tm kim v truy xut nhng thng tin c bn. V d, bn c mt c s d liu lit k cc i l bn hng v doanh s ca tng vng, v bn mun bit doanh thu tnh theo vng ca mt i l xc nh. Mc phc tp tip theo bao gm vic tm kim v nhng h thng tm kim phc tp hn, trong c dng nhng tiu chun lc v k thut trch lc m ti ni n chng 8. V d, gi s rng mi i l cp II l mt phn ca mt i l cp I no , v bn mun bit tng doanh thu ca i l cp I ny; hoc chi tit hn, tng doanh thu ca mt i l cp I trong qu II? Mc k tip ca phn tch d liu p dng mt cu hi cho nhiu bin. V d, nu mt cng ty c 4 i l cp I, v bn mun bit doanh thu ca tng i l cp I theo tng qu l bao nhiu so vi tng doanh thu ca c cng ty. C l cng thc bnh thng s kh m lm c chuyn ny. V nu nh cng ty ny c hng chc i l cp I? Thm ch l hng trm? L tng nht l bn phi tm cch tng hp thng tin d liu vo mt bng doanh s, mi i l cp I nm trong mt hng, v mi qu trong mt ct. l nhng g PivotTable c th lm, v nh bn s thy trong chng ny, bn c th to ra nhng PivotTable cho ring bn ch vi vi c nhn chut.
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Gi s d liu ca bn c chuyn i thnh mt Table, trong trng hp n gin nht, cc PivotTable tng hp d liu trong mt Field (gi l Data Field) v phn chia n theo d liu ca mt Field khc (gi l Row Field). Tng gi tr duy nht trong Row Field s tr thnh nhng tiu hng. V d, hnh 187 minh ha mt Table l doanh thu ca cc i l bn hng, ang sp xp theo tng qu.
Hnh 187
Vi PivotTable, bn c th tng hp doanh s theo tng i L v gom li theo Vng, nh minh ha hnh 188. Trong PivotTable hnh ny, cc Vng c gi l cc Row Field, v tng doanh thu ca cc i l trong vng gi l Data Field.
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Hnh 188
Bn c th chia nh thm d liu bng cch xc nh thm mt Field th ba, gi l Column Field lm cc tiu ct. V d, ti s dng Qu lm Column Field, khi ti s bit thm chi tit doanh thu tng Qu ca mi vng:
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Tnh nng hay nht ca PivotTable l tnh nng trc xoay (pivoting). V d, ti mun mt kiu xem khc v d liu ca mnh, ti ko ci Column Field ln vng Row Field (trong khu vc PivotTable Field List bn phi mn hnh), PiovotTable s th hin mi Vng nh l cc hng mc chnh, vi cc Qu tr thnh cc hng mc con:
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PivotTable c nhng thut ng ring ca chng. Danh sch sau y l mt s thut ng m bn cn bit: Data source L d liu gc. Bn c th dng mt dy, mt Table, hoc d liu c nhp vo, d liu t mt ngun bn ngoi.
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Field L mt hng mc d liu. Nu PivotTable c Data Source l cc Table, th Field ca PivotTable tng t nh Field trong Table, hay l mt ct trong mt c s d liu. Label L mt phn t ca mt Field. Row Field L mt Field vi mt tp hp ring bit cc gi tr text, s hoc ngy thng, dng lm cc tiu hng trong PivotTable. Trong hnh 186, Vng l cc Row Field. Column Field L mt Field vi mt tp hp ring bit cc gi tr text, s hoc ngy thng, dng lm cc tiu ct trong PivotTable. Trong hnh 187, Qu l cc Column Field. Report Filter L mt Field vi mt tp hp ring bit cc gi tr text, s hoc ngy thng, dng lc cch xem PivotTable. V d, bn c th dng Field i L nh l mt Report Filter. Khi bn chn mt i l bn hng khc, bng s c lc li ch thy cc d liu ca ring i l ny. PivotTable Items L cc mc t danh sch ngun dng, nh l cc tn hng, tn ct, v cc tn trang. Data Field L mt Field cha d liu m bn mun tng hp trong bng. Trong v d trn, Doanh Thu l Data Field. Data Area Phn bn trong ca PivotTable, l ni hin th nhng d liu tng hp. Layout Cch sp xp cc Field v cc Item trong PivotTable.
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Trong Excel 2003, bn to mt PivotTable bng cch in thng tin vo mt s hp thoi ca chc nng PivotTable Wizard. Nhiu ngi thy cc hp thoi qu rc ri, do h thng khng bao gi tin xa hn mt hoc hai bc u trong tin trnh thc hin, v kt qu l h khng bit n PivotTable. Excel 2007 thay i tt c cc rc ri ca PivotTable Wizard bng mt hp thoi duy nht v t tt c cc ty chn cng nh cc thit lp ln thanh Ribbon (PivotTable Tools) bn c th s dng khi c PivotTable.
Ngun d liu tt nht cho PivotTable l mt Table. Trong trng hp bn s dng ngun d liu t mt dy bnh thng, dy phi c hai thnh phn chnh sau y: C t nht mt ct cha d liu c th kt nhm. Ngha l, ct ny c cha d liu vi mt s nhng gi tr text, gi tr s hoc ngy thng ring bit v c gii hn. Mi ct trong dy phi c mt tiu .
Bn theo cc bc sau y: 1. Nhn chn bt k no bn trong Table hoc dy dng lm Data Source. 2. Cch bn tin hnh bc tip theo ny ph thuc vo loi d liu ngun ca bn:
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Nu d liu ngun ca bn l mt Table, bn chn chn Table Tools Design Tools Summarize with PivotTable. Nu d liu ngun ca bn l mt dy , bn chn Insert Tables PivotTable. 3. Hp thoi Create PivotTable s m ra . Bnh thng th tn Table hoc a ch ca dy d liu ngun m bn chn bc 1 c sn trong hp Select a Table or Range. Nu bn mun chn mt Data Source khc, bn nhp tn Table hay a ch dy mi vo .
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4. Chn ni bn mun hin th PivotTable: New Worksheet: Nhn ty chn ny Excel to mt worksheet mi cho PivotTable. Existing Worksheet: Nhn ty chn ny v ri dng chut chn mt trong worksheet m bn mun hin th PivotTable. m bn ch nh s l trn cng bn tri ca mt PivotTable.
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5. Nhn OK. Excel s to mt khung sn cho PivotTable, hin th PivotTable Field List nm bn phi mn hnh v thm hai Tab ca PivotTable Tools: Options v Design, trn thanh Ribbon .
Hnh 192 Khung sn ca mt PivotTable
6. Thm cc Field m bn mun xut hin trong PivotTable. Excel cho bn hai cch lm iu ny: Trong danh sch Choose Fields to Add to Report, nhn kch hot checkbox bn cnh Field m bn mun thm. Nu bn kch hot checkbox ca mt Field c gi tr s, Excel s t ng em n vo vng Values; nu bn kch hot checkbox ca mt Field c gi tr l text, Excel s em n vo vng Row Labels. Nhn v ko mt Field th vo bn trong vng m bn mun Field ny xut hin.
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7. Lp li bc 6 thm tt c cc Field m bn mun bao gm trong PiovotTable. Mi khi bn thm vo mt Field, Excel s cp nht li bo co PivotTable. Nu bn s dng mt ngun d liu ln, Excel c th phi mt mt thi gian di cp nht PivotTable khi bn thm vo mt Field. Trong trng hp ny, bn nhn kch hot checkbox Defer Layout Update yu cu Excel khng cp nht PivotTable khi bn thm vo cc Field. Khi bn b tr xong khung sn cho PivotTable, bn nhn Update.
y l danh sch mt s thao tc c bn vi PivotTable m bn nn bit. Trc khi thc hin iu g, bn phi nhn vo bn trong PivotTable bt PivotTable Tools trn thanh Ribbon, v thy 2 Tab Options v Design m bn s s dng trong cc thao tc sau y: Chn ton b PivotTable: Chn PivotTable Tools Options Actions Select Entire PivotTable.
Chn mt thnh phn trong PivotTable: Chn PivotTable Tools Options Actions Select, ri nhn vo thnh phn m bn mun chn: Labels and Values, Values, hoc Labels. nh dng PivotTable: Chn PivotTable Tools Design PivotTable Styles ri chn mt kiu nh dng. i tn ca PivotTable: Chn PivotTable Tools Options PivotTable v sa li tn PivotTable Name.
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Sp xp PivotTable: Nhn chn bt k mt Row Field hoc Column Field no , chn PivotTable Tools Options Sort, ri nhn vo nt lnh Sort A to Z hoc Sort Z to A (nu Field cha ngy thng, bn s thy y l Sort Oldest to Newest hoc Sort Newest to Oldest). Cp nht li d liu trong PivotTable: Chn PivotTable Tools Options Data Refresh. Lc d liu trong PivotTable: Nhn v ko Field m bn mun lc vo khung Report Filter trong PivotTable Field List, m danh sch lc x xung, ri nhn vo mt mc trong danh sch. Nhm cc d liu PivotTable theo ngy thng hoc theo d liu s: Chn Field mun to nhm, chn PivotTable Tools Options Group Group Field m hp thoi Grouping, ri chn loi nhm m bn mun dng. V d, vi cc Field ngy thng, bn c th nhm theo thng, theo qu, hoc theo nm. Nhm cc d liu PivotTable theo cc mc trong Field: Chn cc mc m bn mun a vo nhm trong Field, ri chn PivotTable Tools Options Group Group Selection. B mt Field ra khi PivotTable: Nhn v ko Field mun g b ra khi PivotTable Field List. Xa sch PivotTable: Chn PivotTable Tools Options Actions Clear Clear All.
Khi bn to PivotTable, Excel s t ng thm cc Grand Total vo PivotTable cho cc Row Field v Column Field.
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Bn cnh , Excel cng hin th cc Subtotal cho cc Field l Outer Field (l Field xp trn trong Row Area hoc Column Area) ca mt PivotTable c nhiu Field trong Row Area hoc Column Area (Area l tng vung nm trong PivotTable Field List, ni m bn thy c tn l Row Labels v Column Labels). V d, hnh 190, bn thy c hai Field trong Row Area: Vng v Qu. Qu l Outer Field, nn Excel hin th Subtotal cho Field . n/hin cc Grand Total trong PivotTable n/hin cc Grand Total trong PivotTable, bn theo cc bc sau: 1. Chn mt bn trong PivotTable. 2. Chn PivotTable Tools Options PivotTable Options. Excel hin th hp thoi PivotTable Options.
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3. Chn Tab Totals & Filters. 4. Hai checkbox nm trn cng s quy nh c hin th Grand Total trong cc dng v cc ct hay khng. 5. Nhn OK.
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n/hin cc Subtotal trong PivotTable n / hin cc Subtotal, bn theo cc bc sau: 1. Chn mt trong hng (hoc ct) cha cc tn Field. 2. Right-click v chn Field Settings, hoc chn
PivotTable Tools Options Active Field Field Settings. Excel hin th hp thoi Field Settings.
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3. Trong nhm Subtotals: Chn Automatic hin th cc SubTotal v chn None n cc SubTotal. 4. Nhn OK. Excel g b cc Subtotal ra khi PivotTable. n cc Grand Total v SubTotal t Ribbon Ngoi cch s dng hp thoi nh trn y, trong Tab Design ca PivotTable Tools trn Ribbon c sn mt nhm cc nt lnh bn c th nhanh chng n / hin cc Grand Total cng nh cc SubTotal :
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Khi nhn vo nt lnh Subtotals, bn c cc ty chn sau: Do Not Show Subtotals: Khng hin th cc Subtotal. Show all Subtotals at Bottom of Group: Hin th cc Subtotal pha di mi nhm. Show all Subtotals at Top of Group: Hin th cc Subtotal pha trn mi nhm. Khi nhn vo nt lnh Grandtotals, bn c cc ty chn sau: Off for Rows and Columns: Khng hin th cc Grand Total trong cc dng v cc ct. On for Rows and Columns: Hin th tt c cc Grand Total trong cc dng v cc ct. On for Rows Only: Ch hin th cc Grand Total cho cc dng. On for Columns Only: Ch hin th cc Grand Total cho cc ct. Ty bin php tnh ca Subtotal Php tnh ca Subtotal m Excel p dng vo mt Field thng s ging nh php tnh dng vng d liu ngun. Tuy nhin, bn c th thay i php tnh ny bng mt php tnh khc, bng cch:
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1. Chn Field c cha Subtotal m bn mun thay i php tnh, right-click ri chn Field Settings. 2. Nhn ty chn Custom trong nhm Subtotals.
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3. Chn hm m bn mun p dng cho SubTotal trong danh sch Select One or More Functions. Bn c th chn nhiu hn mt hm. Trong trng hp nhn chn mt hm m bn li mun b ra, bn nhn vo hm thm mt ln na. 4. Nhn OK. ***
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11
Tng hp d liu vi Consolidate
Nu bn l mt k ton trng, hoc nu bn l trng phng tng hp ca mt phng gio dc, hay bn l mt ngi chuyn lm cng tc thng k... chc hn bn s khng t th nhiu phi i din vi vic tng hp d liu t nhiu b phn gi v. Ni mt cch d hiu hn, bn c nhiu bng tnh c cng mt cu trc (chng hn cc tiu ct ging ht nhau). V bn mun lp mt bng tng hp tt c cc d liu t nhng bng tnh ny vo trong mt bng duy nht. Cng vic ny thng nhm chn v khng phi l chuyn d dng, nht l khi bn c nhng bng tnh ln. Tuy nhin, nu bn bit s dng cng c Consolidate (nm trong Tab Data) ca Excel, c th bn s khng cn gp nhng kh khn vi cng vic tng hp d liu na.
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Excel c th tng hp d liu bng mt trong hai phng php sau y: Tng hp theo v tr Excel tng hp d liu t nhiu bng tnh bng cch s dng cc ta dy ging nhau trn mi bng tnh. Bn s dng phng php ny nu cc bng tnh m bn phi tng hp c cng mt mt cch trnh by. Tng hp theo hng mc Phng php ny yu cu Excel tng hp d liu bng cch tm theo cc tiu hng v ct trong mi bng tnh. Trong c hai trng hp, cng vic ca bn ch l xc nh cho Excel mt hay nhiu dy ngun (dy cha d liu m bn mun tng hp) v mt dy ch (dy m bn s tng hp d liu vo ).
Nu cc bng tnh m bn s dng tng hp c cng mt khun mu, vic tng hp theo v tr l la chn d thc hin nht. V d, c 3 bng tnh nh hnh 201, l nhng bo co tnh hnh kinh doanh trong nm qua t 3 chi nhnh. Nh bn thy, mi bng tnh u c cc tiu ct v tiu hng ging ht nhau, do chng hon ton thch hp tng hp theo v tr. tng hp thnh bo co tnh hnh kinh doanh trong nm qua ca c cng ty, bn hy to mt bng tnh c cng khun mu vi 3 bng tnh , t tn cho bng tnh ny (l Consolidation chng hn).
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Hnh 197
Trc tin, chng ta s tng hp phn Doanh Thu, bn theo nhng bc sau y: 1. Chn bng tnh Consolidation, ri chn B4, l trn cng bn tri ca dy ch. 2. Chn Data
Data Tools Consolidate.
Hp thoi
Consolidate s m ra
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3. Trong danh sch Function, bn chn php tnh s dng cho vic tng hp. Excel c 10 php tnh c th dng cho vic tng hp, y chng ta s dng hm SUM (tnh tng). 4. Bn s dng khung Reference nhp tham chiu cho cc dy ngun. Bn c th nhp trc tip (nu dy ngun trong mt bng tnh khc, bn phi nhp c tn bng tnh trong mt cp du ngoc vung; nu bng tnh nm trong mt a khc hoc mt th mc khc, bn phi bao gm ng dn y cho bng tnh ), nhng cch nhanh nht vn l s dng chut, chn bng tnh ngun, sau qut chn dy ngun. Trong v d ny, chng ta s qut chn dy B4:M6 cc bng tnh cha dy ngun. 5. Nhn Add. Excel s thm dy ngun ny vo danh sch All references bn di. 6. Lp li bc 4 v 5 thm cc dy ngun khc. Trong v d ny, chng ta s thm cho 3 dy ngun.
Hnh 199
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7. Nu bn mun s liu tng hp s t ng cp nht khi bn thay i d liu gc, bn nguyn ty chn Create Links to Source Data trng thi c kch hot. 8. Nhn OK. Excel s thu thp d liu, tng hp chng vo trong dy ch. V chng ta s c kt qu nh hnh 200:
Hnh 200
Nu bn khng chn Create Links to Source Data bc 7, Excel ch in vo dy ch nhng d liu tng hp. Nhng nu bn c chn Create Links to Source Data, Excel t ng thc hin 3 iu sau y: Thm cc cng thc lin kt vi dy ch vo mi trong cc dy ngun m bn chn. Tng hp d liu bng cch thm cc hm SUM (hoc l php tnh no m bn chn trong danh sch Function) tnh tng cc kt qu ca cc cng thc lin kt. n i nhng cng thc lin kt, ch cha li nhng cng thc tnh tng cc kt qu ca nhng cng thc lin kt. Nh bn thy hnh 200, B7 c cng thc
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=SUM(B4:B6), l doanh s tng hp Sch bo ca thng 1. Nu bn mun xem cc cng thc lin kt b n, bn hy nhn vo nhng du cng nm bn tri mn hnh. V d, hnh 201 minh ha cng thc lin kt ca B4: = ' [Division I.xlsx]Details'!$B$4)
Hnh 201
tng hp phn Chi Ph, bn cng lm tng t nh trn. V phn vic cui cng ca bn ch l t nhng cng thc tnh tng (nhng dng mu xm).
Nu cc bng tnh m bn s dng tng hp khng c cng mt khun mu, bn cn s dng phng php tng hp theo hng mc. Trong trng hp ny, Excel s kim tra tng dy ngun v tng hp d liu trong nhng ct v nhng hng c cng chung tiu . V d, cng l nhng bo co tnh hnh kinh doanh trong nm qua t 3 chi nhnh, nhng nu bn nhn k, bn s thy chi nhnh I kinh doanh Sch bo, Phn mm v a
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CD-Rom, trong khi chi nhnh II th ch kinh doanh Sch bo v a CD-Rom, v chi nhnh III th li c thm mn Video.
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tng hp Doanh thu t 3 chi nhnh c cc mt hnh kinh doanh khng ging nhau nh th ny, bn theo cc bc sau y: 1. To mi hoc chn mt bng tnh mi tng hp, v chn gc tri pha trn ca dy ch. Bn khng cn phi nhp cc tiu (hng hay ct) cho cc d liu s tng hp bi v Excel s t lm iu cho bn. Tuy nhin, nu bn thch sp xp cc tiu theo mt th t c th, bn c th t nhp chng, nhng bn
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phi bo m rng bn nhp chnh xc tn cc tiu nh chng c trong cc d liu ngun. 2. Chn Data Data Tools thoi Consolidate.
Consolidate
m hp
3. Trong danh sch Function, bn chn php tnh s dng cho vic tng hp. 4. Bn s dng Reference nhp tham chiu cho cc dy ngun. Bn thc hin nh hng dn bc 4 ca mc Tng hp theo v tr, tuy nhin khi qut chn cc dy d liu ngun, phi bao gm c cc tiu ct v tiu hng ca chng. 5. Nhn Add. Excel s thm dy ngun ny vo danh sch All references bn di. 6. Lp li bc 4 v 5 thm cc dy ngun khc. 7. Nu bn mun s liu tng hp s t ng cp nht khi bn thay i d liu gc, bn nguyn ty chn Create Links to Source Data trng thi c kch hot. 8. Nu bn mun Excel s dng tiu d liu hng trn cng ca dy c chn, bn kch hot ty chn Top Row. Nu bn mun Excel s dng tiu d liu ct bn tri ca dy c chn, bn kch hot ty chn Left Column. Hoc bn c th chn c hai. 9. Nhn OK. Excel s thu thp d liu, tng hp chng vo trong dy ch. V chng ta s c kt qu nh hnh 203. Trong hnh ny, ti nhn vo hai du cng phn bn tri mn hnh bn d hnh dung cch Excel tng hp.
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***
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12
Phn tch nhn qu
Trong Tab Data trn Ribbon c mt nt lnh tn l What-If Analysis, chuyn dng phn tch nhng iu g s xy ra. y l mt tp hp nhng cng c rt hay ca Excel, m ti hay gi l nhng cng c phn tch nhn qu, v chng thng c dng khi cn phn tch nhng tnh hung nh: kt qu ca ti s nh th no nu nh ti thay i mt vi tham s trong cng thc?; hoc c mt kt qu nh th ny, ti phi thay i nhng thng s trong cng thc nh th no, v.v...
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Data Table c dng khi bn mun xem trc kt qu ca
mt cng thc khi thay i mt vi tham s trong cng thc.
V d, bn c mt khon tit kim 100 triu, bn mun bit rng nu gi ngn hng khng k hn vi li sut 5%/nm, th sau 10 nm, bn s cn li bao nhiu nu nh mi nm bn rt ra 1 triu, 2 triu, 3 triu, hay nhiu hn na? Trc tin, bn hy lm mt bng tnh nh hnh 205, dng hm FV tnh s tin cn li sau 10 nm, sau khi rt ra mi nm 1 triu. Kt qu, bn c con s hn 149 triu.
Hnh 205
D nhin bn c th thay con s trong C4 tnh s tin cn li sau khi rt u n hng nm mt s tin no . C mt cch nhanh hn, l s dng Data Table. Cng c ny ch i hi phi c sn mt cng thc, v mt bng d liu u vo (nhng d liu s dng thay th cho mt tham s trong cng thc). V y l nhng g bn s thc hin:
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1. Thit lp d liu u vo cho Data Table, cha nhng gi tr s thay th cho mt tham s trong cng thc xem kt qu cng thc s thay i th no. Trong trng hp ny, gi tr cn thay i l S tin rt ra hng nm ( C4), bn dng dy B9:B19 nhp nhng con s cch nhau 500 ngn, bt u t 1 triu n 6 triu (hoc nhiu hn...), gi nh cho s tin m bn s rt ra hng nm. 2. Qut chn dy cha d liu u vo v ang cha cng thc cn xem trc kt qu. Trong trng hp ny, bn qut chn dy t B8 n C19. 3. Chn Data Data Tools What-If Analysis Table... Hp thoi Data Table s m ra.
Data
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4. Nhp tham chiu ca tham s s c thay i gi tr bng cc d liu u vo. Nu cc gi tr u vo cho Data Table c b tr trong mt ct, nhp tham chiu vo Column input cell. Nu cc gi tr u vo cho Data Table c b tr trong mt hng, nhp tham chiu vo Row input cell. Trong trng hp ny, C4 cha gi tr cn thay i, v B9:B19 l cc d liu u vo, nn chng ta s nhp C4 vo Column input cell .
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5. Nhn OK ng hp thoi Data Table. Excel s thay th tng gi tr u vo trong cng thc v hin th cc kt qu sang ct bn cnh .
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Cng vi v d trn, by gi bn mun bit thm: Nu li sut hng nm khng phi l 5%, m l mt con s khc th sao? Chng ta s s dng Data Table vi hai d liu u vo: Mt l thay i S tin rt ra hng nm, v hai l thay i Li sut hng nm. Bn theo cc bc sau:
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1. Thit lp hai dy d liu u vo cho Data Table: s dng ct ngay bn di cng thc v hng ngay bn phi cng thc. V d, ti s thit k li bng tnh trn nh sau: Dng dy C9:C19 cha cc d liu u vo cho bin S tin rt ra hng nm; dng dy D8:H8 cha cc d liu u vo cho Li sut.
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2. Qut chn dy cha hai d liu u vo v ang cha cng thc cn xem trc kt qu. Trong trng hp ny, bn qut chn dy t C8 n H19. 3. Chn Data Data Tools What-If Analysis Table... m hp thoi Data Table. 4. Nhp tham chiu ca cc bin: - Nhp tham chiu ca bin s dng gi tr u vo c b tr trn ct bn di cng thc vo Column input cell. - Nhp tham chiu s dng gi tr u vo c b tr trong hng bn phi cng thc vo Row input cell.
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Trong trng hp ny, C2 l bin Li sut v C4 l bin S tin rt ra hng nm, v theo cch thit lp d liu u vo lm bc 1, chng ta s nhp C2 vo Row input cell v nhp C4 vo Column input cell .
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5. Nhn OK ng hp thoi Data Table. Excel s thay th cc gi tr u vo cc bin trong cng thc v hin th kt qu .
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Nhn vo kt qu, bn c th thy ngay s tin cn li sau 10 nm sau khi rt hng nm ra mt s tin no , vi mt li sut hng nm l bao nhiu ... V d, nu gi 100 triu vi li sut 6.5%/nm, hng nm rt ra 4 triu, th sau 10 nm bn vn cn hn 130 triu.
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Bn dng Data Table xem trc kt qu khi thay i cc gi tr u vo. Trong trng hp bn mun bit c th thay i cc gi tr u vo nh th no kt qu lun lun l mt con s c nh, bn hy s dng Goal Seek.
Goal Seek hot ng bng cch s dng phng php lp i lp li tm ra li gii. Ngha l, Goal Seek s th gi tr
ban u ca bin xem n c to ra kt qu m bn mun hay khng. Nu khng, Goal Seek s th tip vi nhng gi tr khc nhau, cho n khi n tm ra li gii, hay ni cch khc, cho n khi no kt qu m n tm c gn ging vi kt qu ca bn mun nht. Ti s dng mt v d. Gi s, bn ang c m sm c mt chic xe my tr gi 50 triu, v mun l trong vng 5 nm tnh t hm nay, c m s thnh hin thc. Tin gi ngn hng hin nay c li sut l 10% mt nm, vy bn cn phi gi vo ngn hng mi thng ti thiu l bao nhiu t c c m ca mnh? Liu tin tit kim t lng thng ca bn c bn thc hin c m ny trong vng 5 nm khng? Trc ht, bn hy xy dng mt bng tnh nh sau, rt n gin:
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303
C8 l cng thc s dng hm FV, mt hm chuyn dng tnh cc gi tr u t trong tng lai. Cng thc trong C7 l =C6/12, tnh s tin tit kim ti thiu hng thng. Vn ca chng ta lc ny l phi tnh s tin gi hng nm ( C6), c c 50 triu C8. Bn tip tc theo cc bc sau: 1. Chn Data Data Tools What-If Analysis Seek... Excel hin th hp thoi Goal Seek.
Goal
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2. Nhp tham chiu n cha cng thc vo Set Cell. Trong trng hp ny, l $C$8. 3. Nhp gi tr m bn mun s l kt qu ca cng thc vo To Value. Trong trng hp ny, bn nhp vo 50000000. 4. Nhp theo chiu n thay i: t c gi tr To Value cho cng thc Set Cell, th thay i gi tr By changing cell. Trong trng hp ny, nhp C6 vo By changing cell.
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5. Nhn OK. Goal Seek s "rng mnh" mt t, v hin th kt qu m n tm c vo thay i ( C6). ng thi, hp thoi Goal Seek Status xut hin bo cho bn bit Goal Seek c tm c li gii hay khng, v cng cho bn so snh kt qu ca Goal Seek tm c (Current value) vi kt qu m bn mun c (Target value).
Hnh 215
Trong trng hp ny, Goal Seek tnh c rng, nu mun c c 50 triu sau 5 nm, th ngay t by gi, mi nm bn phi gi vo ngn hng 8,189,874 vi gi thit li sut tin gi trong sut 5 nm l 10% mt nm. Hay l ti thiu mi thng bn phi dnh c 682,500 ng, u c nhiu lm, phi khng. 6. Nu bn ng vi kt qu ca Goal Seek tm c, th nhn OK chp nhn kt qu m Goal Seek a ra, cn nu khng mun kt qu ny, bn nhn Cancel. i khi, bn khng th c ngay kt qu sau ch mt ln chy Goal Seek. l nhng trng hp m kt qu ca
305
Goal Seek tm c (Current value) vi kt qu m bn mun c (Target value) khng ging nhau. V cng khng loi tr trng hp Goal Seek khng th tm ra li gii,
ging nh phng trnh v nghim vy. Thng Goal Seek c s dng trong vic tm nhanh nghim cho cc phng trnh; hoc trong kinh doanh, dng tnh gi thnh phi ti thiu l bao nhiu c c li nhun cao nht, hay l phi bn c ti thiu l bao nhiu sn phm th mi ha vn, v.v... ***
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nh dng trang bng tnh v in n
Excel 2007 t nhm phm dng chn cch hin th trang bng tnh cng nhm cng c dng phng to, thu nh bng tnh gc di bn phi mn hnh.
Hnh 216 Nhm cng c hin th v phng to thu nh trang bng tnh
Chng 13 nh dng trang bng tnh v in n
307
Normal Cho xem bng tnh ch bnh thng nh chng ta vn thng thy. Page Layout Cho xem bng tnh nh khi s in ra, c c phn cha l giy (ging ch xem Page Layout trong Microsoft Word). Khi bn cn trnh by mt bng bo co, m mun xem th b cc ca n c cn i khng, ng c va mt khng, th y l mt la chn ng quan tm. Tuy nhin, vic xem theo ch ny s nh hng kh ln n b nh ca my tnh. C th n s lm cho tc x l chm hn li nu b nh trong my tnh ca bn khng d d g cho lm. Page Break Preview Cho xem tng trang nm lin nhau vi nhng ng ngt trang do bn t to hoc theo mc nh ca my in. Bn cng c th chn kiu hin th trang bng tnh t Tab View trn Ribbon : Full Screen Cho xem bng tnh ch ton mn hnh, khng c Ribbon, khng c Formula bar. Khi ang trong ch Full Screen, nhn phm Esc s quay v li ch Normal. Custom Dng lu li nhng cch hin th trang tnh.
Hnh 217 Chn ch hin th trang bng tnh t Ribbon
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Tt c cc ty chn dng nh dng mt trang bng tnh c Excel 2007 t trong nhm Page Setup trong Tab Page Layout trn Ribbon.
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Margins Dng thit lp vic cha l cho trang bng tnh. Bn c th chn nhng thit lp do Excel ngh hoc chn Custom Margin, t thit lp l trang theo ring. Khi chn lnh ny, hp thoi Page Setup s m ra vi Tab Margins c chn sn . Nhng thng s pha trn dng cha khong cch t mp trang giy vng bng tnh. Ty chn Center on page dng t bng tnh nm vo gia trang giy theo chiu dc (Vertically), theo chiu ngang (Horizontally), hoc c hai. Orientation Dng thit lp trang bng tnh nm ngang (Landscape) hay nm dc (Portrait). Size Dng chn kh giy cho trang bng tnh. Bn c th chn nhng kh giy c trong danh sch hoc chn More Paper Sizes t thit lp mt kh giy theo ring.
309
Hnh 219 Nhng thit lp cha l cho trang bng tnh
Print Area Dng thit lp vng bng tnh s in ra. - Mc nh, Excel s in ra ton b nhng g c trong bng tnh. Khi ch mun in mt vng no trong bng tnh, bn qut chn vng cn in, sau nhn vo lnh Print Area ny v chn Set Print Area. Vng chn ny s c bao quanh bng nhng ng t khc. - thm mt vng in khc hoc m rng vng in hin c, bn qut chn vng s thm vo ri chn lnh Add to Print Area. - xa b nhng vng in thit lp, chn lnh Clear Print Area. Khi , Excel s in ra ton b nhng g c trong bng tnh.
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Breaks
Dng ngt trang theo ring. Mc nh, Excel s t ng chia bng tnh thnh nhiu trang cho va vi kh giy. t quy nh nhng g s in ra trn tng trang, bn chn dng mun em sang trang sau ri chn lnh Insert Page Break t nt lnh ny. g b nhng ng phn trang thit lp, chn lnh Remove Page Break. Background Dng chn mt hnh lm nn cho bng tnh. Print Tittle Dng thit lp nhng vng tiu s in trn mi trang. Khi nhn vo nt ny, hp thoi Page Setup s m ra vi Tab Sheet c chn sn.
Hnh 220
- Mun nhng dng no s c in trn u tt c cc trang (khng bao gm trang u tin) ca bng tnh,
311
bn kch hot Rows to repeat at top ri dng chut qut chn nhng dng trn bng tnh. - Mun nhng ct no s c in l bn tri trong tt c cc trang (khng bao gm trang u tin) ca bng tnh, bn kch hot Columns to repeat at left ri dng chut qut chn nhng ct trn bng tnh. Header / Footer Khi mun thit lp nhng ni dung s in ra vng u trang, chn trang trong tt c cc trang bng tnh (chng hn nh s trang, tn ca bng d liu...), bn chn Tab Header/Footer trong hp thoi Page Setup . C mt cch khc gi hp thoi ny, l nhn vo nt mi tn nm gc di bn phi ca nhm lnh Page Setup .
Hnh 221
Excel c sn mt s nhng thit lp cho bn chn trong cc combobox Header v Footer. Hoc bn c th nhn vo
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Custom Header hoc Custom Footer t thit lp cc tiu
u trang, chn trang theo ring , s dng cc nt cng c chn vo pha bn tri, gia hoc bn phi ca vng u trang/chn trang nhng ni dung bn mun hin th.
Hnh 222
Trong Tab Header/Footer ca hp thoi Page Setup , bn cn c cc ty chn sau: - Different odd and even pages: Thit lp vng tiu u trang / chn trang khc nhau gia trang chn vi trang l. - Different first page: Thit lp vng tiu u trang / chn trang cho trang u tin khc nhng trang cn li (dng khi bn mun s dng trang u tin lm trang ba). - Scale with document: T ng co gin theo t l ca trang bng tnh (c quy nh trong Tab Page ca hp thoi Page Setup). - Align with page margins: Canh l (tri phi) theo l ca trang bng tnh.
313
Trong mt s trng hp, bn s cn phng to / thu nh ni dung ca bng tnh cho nhng g s in ra cn i vi kh giy. thc hin iu ny, bn s dng nhm lnh Scale to Fit, trong Tab Page Layout ca Ribbon .
Hnh 223
Width Quy nh s trang in ra, theo chiu ngang ca ni dung. V d, bn c mt bng tnh c nhiu ct, v bn mun thy tt c cc ct ny trong mt trang giy, bn chn Width l 1. Excel s t thu nh bng tnh sao cho tt c cc ct u nm lt trong mt trang giy. Height Quy nh s trang in ra, theo chiu dc ca ni dung. V d, bn c mt bng tnh c nhiu dng, v bn mun thy tt c cc dng ny trong mt trang giy, bn chn Height l 1. Excel s t thu nh bng tnh sao cho tt c cc dng u nm lt trong mt trang giy. Scale Phng to, thu nh ni dung ca c bng tnh. Bn c th thu nh n 10% v phng to ti a 400%. Tt c nhng thit lp m ti va trnh by trn y, bn c th thy ngay kt qu nu bn chn ch hin th trang bng tnh l Page Layout. y l tnh nng WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) ca Excel 2007.
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in mt bng tnh ra giy, bn chn Office Print, hoc c th nhn t hp phm Ctrl+P, m hp thoi Print .
Hnh 224
Trong hp thoi ny, bn chn my in, chn vng in (Print range): t trang no n trang no hoc in tt c, chn s lng bn in (Copies)... Bn cng c th ty chn ni dung s in ra (Print what): Selection: Ch in vng ang chn trc khi gi hp thoi Print. Active sheet(s): In ton b ni dung trong sheet hin hnh hoc nhng sheet ang chn. Entire workbook: In ton b ni dung trong tt c cc worksheet c trong workbook. Table: Nu hin hnh ang trong mt Table, bn chn ty chn ny ch in ra ni dung ca Table .
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Ignore print area: Mc nh, Excel ch in ni dung ca vng m bn Set Print area. Nu bn mun b qua cc thit lp vng in, bn kch hot ty chn ny.
Ngn khng cho in mt s vng no Trong mt s trng hp, d liu ca bn c nhng thng tin nhy cm m bn khng mun in ra. Bn c th ngn khng in nhng thng tin ny vi nhng cch nh sau: n cc dng hoc cc ct cha nhng thng tin ny. T mu cho ni dung ca nhng thng tin ny trng vi mu nn ca . Chn mt hnh nh ln vng cha nhng thng tin ny. Ngn khng cho in nhng i tng Nu bn khng mun in ra nhng i tng (object) trong bng tnh (chng hn nh cc biu , cc hnh v...), th trc khi gi lnh in, bn chn ri right-click vo i tng khng mun in ra, chn Size and Properties. Trong hp thoi hin ra, bn hy hy ty chn Print Object.
Hnh 225
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In cc ng li v tiu dng, ct Mc nh th Excel s khng in ra nhng ng li (Gridlines) v nhng tiu dng, ct (Headings). Tuy nhin, nu bn mun in ra c nhng thnh phn ny, bn hy kch hot ty chn Print ca nhng thnh phn trong nhm Sheet Options ca Tab Page Layout trn Ribbon .
Hnh 226
Ngun tham kho
317
Ngun tham kho
Cc topic Cng thc v hm trong Excel Din n Gii php Excel (www.giaiphapexcel.com) Gio trnh Excel 2007 Trn Thanh Phong, Trn Thanh Thi Hng dn s dng Microsoft Excel 2007 Microsoft Formulas and Functions with Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Paul McFedries Excel Hacks David, Raina Hawley
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Chuyen Doi Excel 2003 Sang 2007-2010

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Chuyen Doi Excel 2003 Sang 2007-2010

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Chuyn i sang

Chuyn i Excel 2003 sang Excel 2007-2010

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

Li ni u .................................................................................................... 3 Ni dung ........................................................................................................ 6

1. Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010 ............................................................ 17

Lm quen vi chun XML............................................................... 31

2. Thao tc vi bng tnh .......................................................................... 32

- Name Box ..................................................................... 48

- Chn mt dy lin tc.................................................. 48

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

- n dng, ct .................................................................. 71 - Hin nhng dng, ct b n......................................... 72

3. S dng tn cho dy ........................................................................... 79

- S dng AutoComplete chn tn dy .......................... 90

4. Nhp liu v nh dng d liu ............................................................ 98

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

- Gi tr gii hn c nh ................................................. 130 - Gi tr gii hn khng c nh ....................................... 130

- Whole Number ............................................................ 130 - Decimal....................................................................... 132

- Input Message.............................................................. 137 - Error Alert ................................................................... 139

5. Thit lp nhng cng thc .................................................................. 142

- Nhp cng thc............................................................ 144 - Sa cng thc .............................................................. 145

- Chn tn dy vo cng thc .......................................... 157

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

6. Cc hm trong Excel ........................................................................... 172

7. Biu (Chart) .................................................................................... 190

- S dng Ribbon ........................................................... 199 - S dng hp thoi Format............................................. 200

8. X l d liu trong bng tnh vi Table ............................................ 218

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

9. Phn tch d liu vi Conditional Formatting .................................. 256

10. Phn tch d liu vi PivotTable ..................................................... 272

11. Tng hp d liu vi Consolidate.................................................... 287

12. Phn tch nhn qu ........................................................................... 296

13. nh dng trang bng tnh v in n ................................................ 306

- Margins ....................................................................... 308

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

14. Ngun tham kho.............................................................................. 317

Quy c v vic chn lnh trn Ribbon:

Chng 1 Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

Hnh 1 - H thng menu v toolbar ca Excel 2003

Hnh 2 - H thng Ribbon ca Excel 2007

Chng 1 Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010

Developer, v Add-Ins. Nhng th bn cn by gi rt trc

Hnh 3 - H thng Ribbon c n i

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

Hnh 4 Cc lnh ca nt Office trong Excel 2007

Chng 1 Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010

Hnh 5 - Ca s cha cc nhm lnh ca nt File trong Excel 2010

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

Chng 1 Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010

Hnh 7 Cc bc thm nt lnh vo Quick Access Toolbar

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

Chng 1 Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010

Hnh 8 Cc bc to Customize Ribbon trong Excel 2010

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

Chng 1 Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010

Hnh 9 Nhn Alt truy cp nhanh Ribbon

Hnh 10 Nhng k t i din cho cc phm tt truy cp Ribbon

CHUYN I EXCEL 2003 SANG EXCEL 2007-2010

Hnh 11 Nhng k t i din cho cc phm tt truy cp Ribbon

Chng 1 Lm quen vi Excel 2007-2010

Hnh 12 Shortcut menu xut hin khi right-click vo mt

Hnh 13 Sheet Tab trong Excel 2007