Types of Quark: Theres 6 different types of quark: up, down, strange, charm, top and bottom.

Proton and neutrons arent fundamental particles as they contain charged constituents called quarks. A quark is a component of hadrons that are formed by combining composite particles. Below are the mass of all 6 types of Quark, measured in MeV/c2. Up 1.53.3 Down 4.15.7 Strange 100

Top 172.9

Charm 1.29

Bottom 1,400

Down Quark: (*) Charge: - 13 e (*) Baryon Number: (*)Charge: 13 (*) Strangeness: 0

u d

u d

u d

Up Quark: (*) Charge: + 23 e (*) Baryon Number: (*)Charge: 13 (*) Strangeness: 0

Strange Quark: (*) Charge: - 13 e (*) Baryon Number: (*)Charge: 13 (*) Strangeness: -1

Proton
u d u

Neutron

Antiproton + Meson ^^ The quark arrangement of 4 hadrons

Charm: (*) 3rd most massive of all quarks (*) Found in hadrons

(*) Has electric charge of + 2/3

(*) Has a bare mass of 1.29

Topness: (*) Has a spin of -1/2
+0.05 -0.11

(*)The most massive of all elementary particles.

(*) Top quarks have a topness of +1 (*)Electric charge of +2/3 (*) Charge of -1/3

(*)Top antiquarks have a topness of 1.

Bottomness: (*)4x the mass of a proton

In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (an electron) is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay, beta plus and beta minus. Beta decay that produces an electron is referred to as beta minus () while a positron emission is beta plus (+).

A quark of one flavour transforms into a quark of another through weak interaction. Any up type quark can change into any down type quark by absorbing or emitting a W-boson.

This flavor transformation mechanism causes the radioactive process thats beta decay, where a neutron splits into a proton and an electron and an electron antineutrino.
This happens when a down quark in the neutron decays into an up quark by emitting a virtual W-boson. The W-boson decays into an electron and an electron antineutrino.

Lepton is the term used for any light-weight particle, for example an Electron or a Neutrino.

The circled ones are the ones you need to know.