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( R e v i s e d 1 / 0 0 )
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P R O T E C T I VE MA R KI NG ( i n c l u d i n g c a v e a t s & d e s c r i p t o r s ) :
F O R D E F E NC E R E C O R D S ( D R ) U S E O NL Y
P A R T 1 . D I S P O S A L S C H E D U L E R E C O MME ND A T I O N
( T o b e c o mp l e t e d whe n t he f i l e i s c l o s e d )
F o r wa r d t o D R a f t e r y e a r s
v
D
D
D
I I I i D e s t r o y a f t e r y e a r s
D a t e o f 1 s t r e v i e w D a t e o f 2n d r e v i e w F o r wa r d D e s t r u c t i o n D a t e
R e v i e we r s
S i g n a t u r e :
R e v i e we r s
S i g n a t u r e :
No r e c o mme n d a t i o n
P A R T 2. BR A NC H R E VI E W
( T o b e f u l l y c o mp l e t e d a t t i me o f f i l e c l o s u r e )
. ~
( D e l e t e a s a p p r o p r i a t e )
t
a . O f n o f u r t he r a d mi n i s t r a t i v e v a l u e a n d n o t wo r t hy o f p e r ma n e n t p r e s e r v a t i o n . D E S T R O Y I MME D I A T E L Y ( R e me mb e r t ha t T O P S E C R E T
D
a n d C o d e wo r d ma t e r i a l c a n n o t b e d e s t r o y e d l o c a l l y a n d mu s t b e f o r wa r d e d t o D R .
b . ( i ) T o b e r e t a i n e d f o r y e a r s ( f r o m d a t e o f l a s t e n c l o s u r e ) f o r t he f o l l o wi n g
r e a s o ~ :
P ~ A N
\
D E F E NC E P O L I C Y + O P E R A T I O NS
D ~ ~ O
~
O R I GI NA L C O MMI T T E E P A P E R S
D
MA JO R E Q U I P ME NT P R O JE C T
D
O T H E R ( S p e c i f y )
D
l E GA L
v
D
D
D
D
C O NT R A C T U A L
F I NA NC E / A U D I T
D I R E C T O R A T E P O L I C Y
P P Q = 1 0 0
( C o n t i n u e d o v e r l e a f )
ENCLOSURE
TRANSFERRED TO
FI LE D/ DAS/ 1 0 / 2 / 8 / 1 6 PART H
ENCLOSURE TRANSFERRED TO
FI LE D/ DAS/ 1 0 / 2 / 8 / 1 6 PART H
P a g e 2 of2
~ a r r i e d
on the m r e cor d e d , to se cur e the e ffe cti ve ope r a ti on of the
syste m
a nd for othe r la wful pur pose s.
P le a se note tha t ne i the r NATS nor the se nd e r a cce pts a ny
r e sponsi bi li ty
for vi r use s or a ny losse s ca use d a s a r e sult of vi r use s a nd i t i s
your
r e sponsi bi li ty to sca n or othe r wi se che ck thi s e ma i l a nd a ny
a tta chme nts.
NATS me a ns NATS (En Route ) plc (compa ny numbe r : 412 92 73), NATS
(Se r vi ce s) Ltd
(compa ny
numbe r 412 92 70), NATSNAV Ltd (compa ny
numbe r : 4164590)
or NATS Ltd (compa ny
numbe r 3155567) or NATS Hold i ng s Ltd (compa ny
numbe r 41382 18).
All compa ni e s a r e r e g i ste r e d i n Eng la nd a nd the i r r e g i ste r e d offi ce
i s a t 5th Floor ,
Br e tte nha m House South, La nca ste r P la ce , Lond on, WC2 E 7EN.
*******************************************************************~
31/ 07/ 2 007

H







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RO OE AN JN xRFA N | A AF CH NC
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8 W e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s d u r i n g
o b s e r v a t i o n . _
( c l o u d y , h a z e , m i s t , c l e a r )
9 To wh o m r e p o r t e d .
( P o l i c e , m i l i t a r y , p r e s s e t c )
10 Na m e , a d d r e s s a n d t e l e p h o n e n o
o f i n f o r m a n t .
11 O t h e r W i t n e s s e s .
12 Re m a r ks .
13 D a t e a n d t i m e o f r e c e i p t .
~ ~ : ~ , , ~ ( ~ ~ ~ . : : . . ; ; . : . . : ; . : ; . . \ . ; ~ ~ . : . . .
.
REPORT OF AN UNEXPLAINED
AERIAL SIGHTING
1 Date and ti tne of s i g h ti ng .
( Du r ati on of
s i g h ti ng )
2
Des c r i p ti on of ob j ec t.
( No
of
ob j ec ts , s i z e, s h ap e, c ol ou r ,
b r i g h tnes s , noi s e)
3 Exac t p os i ti on of ob s er v er .
( Indoor s / ou tdoor s ,
s tati onar y / m ov i ng . )
4 How ob j ec t was ob s er v ed.
( Nak ed ey e, b i noc u l ar s , oth er
op ti c al dev i c e, c am er a or
c am c or der )
5 Di r ec ti on
i n wh i c h ob j ec t was
fi r s t s een.
( A
l andm ar k
m ay b e m or e h el p fu l
th an a
r ou g h l y es ti tnated
b ear i ng )
6
Ap p r oxi m ate di s tanc e.
7 Mov em ents and s p eed.
( s i de to s i de,
u p
or down,
c ons tant,
m ov i ng fas t, s l ow)
.
. . .
8 W e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s d u r i n g
o b s e r v a t i o n .
-
( c l o u d y , h a z e , m i s t , c l e a r )
9 To wh o m r e p o r t e d .
( p o l i c e , m i l i t a r y , p r e s s e t c )
10 Na m e , a d d r e s s a n d t e l e p h o n e n o
o f i n fo r m a n t .
11 O t h e r W i t n e s s e s .
12 Re m a r ks .
13 Da t e a n d t i m e o f r e c e i p t .
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. . 1)
. u. ' .
ANNEX A TO
SOP
502
REPORT OF AN UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECT
A. Date, Time &
Duration of Sighting
B. Description of Ob
j
ec t
(No of obj ects, si ze
,
shape, colour, brightness)
C. Exact Posi tion of Observer
Location, indoor/outdoor,
stationary/moving
D. How Observed (naked
eye,
binoculars, other optical
device, still or movie)
E. Direction in which obj ect
first seen (A landmark may
be more useful than a badly
estimated bearing)
F. Angle of Sight (Estimated
heights are unreliable)
G. Distance(By reference to a
k no wn landmark)
H. Movements (Changes in
E,
F & G
may be of more use than
estimates of course and speed)
J. Met Conditions during Observations
(Mov ing clouds, haze, mist etc)
K. Nearby Obj ects (Telephone lines,
high voltage lines, reservoir, lake
or dam, swamp or marsh, r i
ver
,
high buildings,
tall
chimneys,
steeples, spires, TV or radio masts,
airfields, generating plant,
factories, pits or other sites with
floodlights or night lighting)
L - To whom reported (Police,
military,
press etc)
M . Name & Address of Informant
N. Background of Informant that
may be volunteered
O . O ther Witnesses
P. Date, Time of Receipt
Q. Any
Unusual M eteorological
Conditions
R. Remarks
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Date. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Squadron L eader
Duty O perations O fficer
AF O p
s
Copies to:
Sec(AS)2
AEW/GE
DI 55
File AF O ps/l/11
. )
~ r , ~ , p ! , a , . , A !
~ " l ~ E $ T R I : C ; : T D
; 1
i
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~
J - O
LO O SE MI NUT E
D /D A O /1 /1 3
z . . (
Ma r 97
SBC ( A S) 2
C op y t o:
PSO /A C A S
D A O
D I ST
Hea d of Sec( A S)
D I Sec
A D /D I 55
D PR ( R A F)
R ef er ences:
UNI D E NT I FI E D FLYI NG O BJ E C T S ( UFO ) PO LI C Y
A .
D /Sec( A S) /64 /1 da t ed 1 4 Ma r 97.
B.
D /Sec( A S) /64 /1 da t ed 29 J a n 97.
1 . T ha nk you f or your l et t er a t R ef er ence A r emi ndi ng of t he
need t o ma ke p r ogr ess on f ut ur e ha ndl i ng of UFO r ep or t s a ga i nst a
ba ckgr ound of i ncr ea si ng p ubl i c i nt er est a nd t her ef or e wor kl oa d.
You a sk wha t mi ght be r equi r ed i nsof a r a s a i r def ence i nt er est s
a r e concer ned.
2. Fol l owi ng your ea r l i er l et t er a t R ef er ence
B, you wi l l r eca l l
our di scussi on of t he t op i c. My vi ews a r e uncha nged. We ha ve no
di r ect a i r def ence i nt er est i n UFO r ep or t s unl ess t her e i s
i nt el l i gence, r el i a bl e si ght i ng or evi dence t ha t UK na t i ona l
a i r sp a ce, or t he UKA D R , ma y be, or ha s been, p enet r a t ed
by
a i r cr a f t of p ot ent i a l l y host i l e p ower s wi t hout a ut hor i s a t i on.
O r bi t i ng sa t el l i t es a r e a ccount ed sep a r a t el y a nd
a p p r op r i a t e
C O MSE C i mp l ement ed.
3. A ma jor i t y of UFO r ep or t s a r e t enuous i n na t ur e, a r e r ep or t ed
a t second ha nd or wi t h a t i me
l a g, a nd f r equent l y over l a nd or a t
ni ght i n a r ea s wher e we ha ve l i t t l e r a da r cover . T hose descr i bed
a s a t gr ea t hei ght , i f t hey exi st , ma y l i e a bove r a da r cover , a s
onl y Fyl i ngda l es ha s t r a cki ng ca p a bi l i t i es i n t he endo- a t mosp her e
a nd i n sp a ce. Some r ep or t s descr i be object s i n t er ms of
ma noeuvr e, sp eed a nd sha p e whi ch l i e beyond our engi neer i ng
knowl edge a nd t ha t whi ch coul d be r ea sona bl y exp ect ed f r om host i l e
p ower s.
4 . T her e i s consi der a bl e di f f i cul t y, t her ef or e, i n a ssessi ng a nd
p r i or i t i si ng t hese r ep or t s suf f i ci ent l y qui ckl y~ t o p r ovi de, wher e
wa r r a nt ed, a n a ct i ve r esp onse. Mor eover , when i nt er cep t i ons ma y
be needed, we a r e const r a i ned
by r educed r ea di ness f ol l owi ng
dr a wdowns a t t he end of t he C ol d Wa r a nd t he consi der a bl e t i me l a g
i n r esp ondi ng f r om nor t her n ba ses i n t he event of i nci dent s i n t he
sout h, esp eci a l l y i f a ccess i s needed t o i nt ensi vel y used ci vi l
D , U ~ d
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~
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e)
ai rspace. I n evi t abl y, i n t ercept i on s are i n f requen t l y at t empt ed
agai n st kn owl edge t hat , i n t he presen t ben i gn en vi ron men t , most
si ght i n gs are un l i kel y t o be associ at ed wi t h t hreat en i n g act i vi t y.
5. I woul d emphasi se t hat such si ght i n gs have been f ew an d f ar
bet ween , wi t h on l y Russi a amon g pot en t i al l y host i l e powers bei n g
capabl e of pen et rat i n g UK ai rspace at very hi gh al t i t udes; whi l e
n o host i l e power coul d reason abl y be respon si bl e f or l ow l evel
si ght i n gs, because of t he ran ge or pol i t i cal ri sk i n vol ved, except
i n t he con t ext of l arge ci vi l regi st er ai rcraf t di vert i n g f rom
f l i ght pl an s (where we have had i n ci den t s) .
6. St af f i n g UFO mat t ers, however, i s a t i me con sumi n g con cern .
As you are pai n f ul l y aware, report ed si ght i n gs are f requen t l y
expl ored i n t he publ i c domai n , of t en
by organ i sed soci et i es,
seeki n g ext ra-t errest ri al expl an at i on s. Whi l st usi n g best
judgemen t at t he t i me, we are somet i mes l ef t accoun t i n g f or t he
i n expl i cabl e or i n vest i n g l arge n umbers of man hours t o est abl i sh
rat i on al expl an at i on s (as recen t l y i n t he "Skegn ess si ght i n g" when
t he Servi ce s prof essi on al compet en ce was cal l ed i n t o quest i on i n
an MP s
l et t er t o t he Sof S) . These f rust rat i on s are compoun ded by
support i n g PQs of t he sort "...
on how man y occasi on s have
..."
whi ch requi re paper searches of l on g put down records. Nei t her do
expl an at i on s t hat "t he cost of t he search can n ot be just i f i ed"
sat i sf y t he publ i c, f or i t on l y re-i n f orces t hei r con vi ct i on t hat
i f t he t rut h can n ot be f oun d out t here, i t i s cert ai n l y avai l abl e
i n t he MOD . The MOD may even t ual l y be caught out
by
cross
ref erri n g t o previ ous an swers an d ot her i n f ormat i on , cheri shed on
PCs an d exchan ged on "t he web".
The con sequen ces are f urt her
quest i on s an d ever great er care an d t i me t aken t o en sure t hat we
do n ot con t radi ct oursel ves.
7. The probl em i s un l i kel y t o subsi de especi al l y as t he US
bri n gs i n t o servi ce over t he n ext decade hi gh f l yi n g capabi l i t i es
such as Gl obal St ar, D ark st ar, t he X-33
an d, shoul d i t come t o
f rui t i on , t he man n ed spacepl an e. Ot her n at i on s wi l l f ol l ow,
especi al l y wi t h UAV s, whi ch may permi t ri sk t aki n g i n un aut hori sed
pen et rat i on s of ai rspace. Act i vi t i es of t hese sort s woul d cl earl y
requi re mon i t ori n g an d con t rol
by
t he MOD .
8. The ext ra-t errest ri al busi n ess i s al so l i kel y t o boom,
exacerbat i n g t he st af f i n g probl em. con t i n ui n g di scoveri es of
pl an et s, an d emergi n g kn owl edge of ci rcumst an ces n eeded f or at
l east n on -i n t el l i gen t l i f e, l ead t o specul at i on t hat pl an et s an d
l i f e may common l y occur. wi t h t hat chan ge of percept i on , argui n g
t hat our rock al on e i s a t eemi n g an d verdan t speck i n a vast an d
st eri l e n ot hi n gn ess may soon be as un rewardi n g as t he Church on ce
f oun d i n con t i n ui n g t o en f orce t he i dea t hat t he worl d was f l at ;
mOre so, wi t h t he kn owl edge t hat man y sun s are ol der t han our own ,
an d perhaps provi de con di t i on s f or advan ced evol ut i on . E ven
t hough some expert s argue very l ow probabi l i t i es f or i n t el l i gen t
l i f e, an d al l owi n g f or barel y i magi n ed t ran si t di st an ces,
requi ri n g un kn own uses of physi cs, we can n ot rul e out en t i rel y t he
i dea of ext ra-t errest ri al observat i on /vi si t at i on , ei t her covert or
overt . Our curren t pol i cy t o ret ai n an open mi ~ d on t hese mat t ers
i s t heref ore probabl y correct .
9. I t i s a f i n e judgemen t whet her UFO si ght i n gs are MOD mat t ers,
or Govern men t respon si bi l i t i es best l ocat ed wi t h ot her agen ci es
gi ven t he un proven -n at ure of a vast majori t y of report s. I
~ H j~ ~ J ~
l ~ ) ~ ,
, .~ ~ , ~
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bel i eve t hey shoul d cont i nue t o be managed i n t he MOD because of
i nevi t abl e i nt er- weavi ng of t errest ri al si ght i ngs, some of
mi l i t ary ori gi n, wi t h ext ra- t errest ri al pre- occupat i ons. Moreover,
any fut ure concerns, t errest ri al or ext ra- t errest ri al , are l i kel y
t o requi re nat i onal or i nt ernat i onal co- ordi nat i on responsi ve onl y
wi t hi n securi t y al l i ances.
10. Whet her we shoul d set asi de for furt her exami nat i on out si de
t he MOD unexpl ai ned phenomena, I l eave ot hers t o deci de, knowi ng
t hat pol i t i cal , sci ent i fi c and cost judgement s are associ at ed wi t h
t hei r i nvest i gat i on. I am not whol l y convi nced, however, t hat
covert i nvest i gat i ons woul d be t he best way forwards. When
i nevi t abl y di scovered, t hey l ead t o mi st aken i deas t hat " cont act
has been made" or t hat " government i s worri ed, knowi ng somet hi ng
we
don t . "
S houl d we deci de regul arl y t o i nvest i gat e UFO report s,
t hen we mi ght l ook at how t he US has handl ed some aspect s wi t h,
for exampl e, t he t arget ed search of deep space for art i fi ci al
si gnal s whi ch at t ract s l i t t l e publ i c specul at i on. T he downsi de,
of course, i s " R oswel l " wi t h pl ast i c ki t s as vi si bl e proof of
al i en capt ure and reverse engi neeri ng. What are US report i ng and
i nvest i gat i on pract i ces?
11. T he UK ai r defence i nt erest i s pri mari l y t o aut omat e
report i ng, handl i ng and admi ni st rat i on of i nci dent s so t hat
operat ors, i nfrequent l y swi t chi ng t hei r busy rout i nes t o consi der
unl i kel y phenomena, react i n a focused and consi st ent way.
R eact i on and report i ng needs for UFOs are si mi l ar t o t hose
pract i ces necessary for handl i ng fl i ght safet y i nci dent s, and
pot ent i al l y we coul d mi mi c t hem. However, a comput er based syst em
i s needed t o support accurat e handl i ng and recordi ng of i nci dent s,
and t o al l ow easy ext ract i on of hi st ori cal dat a for parl i ament ary
response or ret rospect i ve st udy. S uch a syst em i s not , per se, an
ai r defence requi rement .
12. We t herefore di ffer i n vi ew over responsi bi l i t i es,
organi sat i on and fundi ng. T hese mat t ers are not for t he ai r
defence forces al one t o consi der, or t o ut i l i se t he out put from.
Publ i c report i ng of phenomena i s essent i al l y government busi ness
t o whi ch we cont ri but e i nfrequent l y when t here are mat t ers of
di rect ai r defence i nt erest and, on ot her occasi ons, t o excl ude
known ai r movement s. As al ways, when t asked t o respond, we do so
t o t he best of our abi l i t i es. However, PQs t hat ask what
si mi l ari t i es we have found bet ween recent i nci dent s and t hose of
years ago,
or t o count t hem, l eave us embroi l ed i n dust y
paperchases or i n maki ng ret rospect i ve assessment s of i nci dent s
when we are not ful l y expert .
13.
My response has t urned out l onger t han I had i nt ended, but
hopeful l y l ays t he i ssues ful l y on t he t abl e as we see t hem.
T he pol i cy i s fi ne, how we manage publ i c enqui ri es probabl y needs
some re- consi derat i on, al so whet her we need t o fund i nvest i gat i on
of a mi nori t y of i nci dent s whi ch may be i nexpl i cabl e; above al l ,
we need an el ect roni c dat abase and management syst em agai nst whi ch
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t h e UK AD R i s b r e a c h e d , a s i m p l i e d b y t 1 \ e p ~ e ~ t h e t i c a l t ~ x t i n y o u r An n e x , p a r a 2. D I S T s
r o l e
i n s u p p o r t o f c u s t o m e r r e q u i r e m e n t s i s t o a s s e s s a l l s o u r c e i n t e l l i g e n c e o n f o r e i g n we a p o n s y s t e m s
a n d s c i e n c e & t e c l f u o l o g y wi t h m i l i t a r y
r e l e v a n c e . We h a v e t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o d e c i d e wh i c h
s o u r c e s a r e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e a n d h o w t h e y s h o u l d b e we i g h t e d f o r a s s e s s m e n t s . We r e g a r d UAP
a s a s o u r c e , a k i n i n s o m e r e s p e c t s t o h u m a n r e p o r t i n g n o t l e a s t i n t h a t t h e p h e n o m e n a a r e r e p o r t e d
b y p e o p l e a n d m a y n o t b e f u l l y a p p r e c i a t e d o r u n d e r s t o o d a t t h e t i m e . T h i s i n t e l l i g e n c e i n t e r e s t
n e e d s t o b e e x p l i c i t l y c o v e r e d i n t h e p o l i c y s t a t e m e n t a n d we p r o p o s e t h a t y o u r An n e x , p a r a
2
s h o u l d r e a d :
Mo D s
i n t e r e s t i n
UAP
i s l i m i t e d t o e x a m i n i n g r e p o r t e d s i g h t i n g s t o e s t a b l i s h i f s u c h a c t i v i t y
m i g h t h a v e a d e f e n c e s i g n i f i c a n c e , v i z :
a . wh e t h e r t h e UKAD R h a s b e e n b r e a c h e d ;
b . wh a t i n t e l l i g e n c e i s r e v e a l e d o n m i l i t a r y c a p a b i l i t i e s o f o t h e r c o u n t r i e s ;
c . wh e t h e r s c i e n t i f i c a n d t e c h n i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n o f m i l i t a r y s i g n i f i c a n c e i s r e v e a l e d .
Ar r a n g e m e n t s
4 . Re f e r r i n g t o y o u r An n e x , p a r a 4 ,
i n t h e l i g h t
o f t h e a b o v e we d o n o t c o n s i d e r t h a t Mo D c a n
h a v e n o i n t e r e s t i n e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l m a t t e r s a n d n e e d s t o k e e p a n o p e n m i n d o n wh e t h e r
u n i d e n t i f i e d p h e n o m e n a m a y h a v e s i g n i f i c a n c e . Ad d i t i o n a l l y t h e l a c k o f e v i d e n c e t o d a t e i n t h e
D I S o n t h e e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l h y p o t h e s i s h a s t o r e f l e c t t h e f a c t t h a t we h a v e n o t c a r r i e d o u t a n y
a n a l y s i s . E f f e c t i v e l y t h e UAP s o u r c e i s u n p r o v e n f o r D I S T p u r p o s e s ,
a s i t u a t i o n o f c o n c e r n e v e n
i f we n e v e r e x p e c t i t t o b e a s r e l i a b l e o r v a l u a b l e a s o t h e r s o u r c e s . T wo p r i n c i p l e s t h e r e f o r e a r i s e :
Re p o r t s
5 . F i r s t l y D I S T n e e d s t o c o n t i n u e t o r e c e i v e r e p o r t s i n o r d e r t o m a k e t h e j u d g e m e n t s a t p a r a
3b a n d 3c a b o v e . I t s e e m s p r o b a b l e t h a t o n l y c r e d i b l e s o u r c e s a r e l i k e l y t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h
i n f o r m a t i o n f o r a s u b s t a n t i v e a n a l y s i s a n d we a r e t h e r e f o r e p r e p a r e d t o c o n s t r a i n o u r s e l v e s t o
r e c e i v e r e p o r t s i n t h e c a t e g o r i e s a t Re f D , p a r a 2.
An a l y s i s
6. S e c o n d l y D I S T n e e d s t o h a v e a n a d e q u a t e s y s t e m i n o r d e r t o r e f e r e n c e t h e i n f o r m a t i o n .
I n l i n e wi t h d e v e l o p i n g p r a c t i c e s f o r o t h e r s o u r c e i n t e l l i g e n c e we n e e d a r e l i a b l e s y s t e m f o r t h e
r e t e n t i o n a n d a n a l y s i s o f d a t a . H i t h e r t o t h e
p a p e r
r e c o r d s h a v e b e e n m u c h t o o u n wi e l d y f o r
e f f e c t i v e a c t i o n l e a d i n g t o t h e f a i l i n g n o t e d a b o v e . T h e p r o p o s e d f i l t e r i n g o f r e p o r t s wi l l r e d u c e
t h e v o l u m e c o n s i d e r a b l y a n d we n e e d t o t a k e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o i n i t i a t e a d a t a b a s e n o w. H o w we
d o t h i s r e m a i n s t o b e d e c i d e d . O u r r e s o u r c e s a r e h e a v i l y o v e r - b i d b u t i t s e e m s e s s e n t i a l t h a t we
e s t a b l i s h t h e d a t a b a s e i n o r d e r t o r e d u c e s u b s e q u e n t a n a l y s i s e f f o r t t o t h e m i n i m u m . T h e e x t e n t
t o wh i c h we i n c o r p o r a t e r e t r o s p e c t i v e r e p o r t s i n t o t h e d a t a b a s e d e p e n d s o n t h e r e s o u r c e c o s t s .
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